compression: add support for the zstd algorithm

zstd is a compression algorithm that has a very fast decoder, while
providing also good compression ratios.  The fast decoder makes it
suitable for container images, as decompressing the tarballs is a very
expensive operation.

https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/pull/788 added support
for zstd to the OCI image specs.

Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd/bitreader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Copyright 2019+ Klaus Post. All rights reserved.
+// License information can be found in the LICENSE file.
+// Based on work by Yann Collet, released under BSD License.
+
+package zstd
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"math/bits"
+)
+
+// bitReader reads a bitstream in reverse.
+// The last set bit indicates the start of the stream and is used
+// for aligning the input.
+type bitReader struct {
+	in       []byte
+	off      uint   // next byte to read is at in[off - 1]
+	value    uint64 // Maybe use [16]byte, but shifting is awkward.
+	bitsRead uint8
+}
+
+// init initializes and resets the bit reader.
+func (b *bitReader) init(in []byte) error {
+	if len(in) < 1 {
+		return errors.New("corrupt stream: too short")
+	}
+	b.in = in
+	b.off = uint(len(in))
+	// The highest bit of the last byte indicates where to start
+	v := in[len(in)-1]
+	if v == 0 {
+		return errors.New("corrupt stream, did not find end of stream")
+	}
+	b.bitsRead = 64
+	b.value = 0
+	if len(in) >= 8 {
+		b.fillFastStart()
+	} else {
+		b.fill()
+		b.fill()
+	}
+	b.bitsRead += 8 - uint8(highBits(uint32(v)))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getBits will return n bits. n can be 0.
+func (b *bitReader) getBits(n uint8) int {
+	if n == 0 /*|| b.bitsRead >= 64 */ {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return b.getBitsFast(n)
+}
+
+// getBitsFast requires that at least one bit is requested every time.
+// There are no checks if the buffer is filled.
+func (b *bitReader) getBitsFast(n uint8) int {
+	const regMask = 64 - 1
+	v := uint32((b.value << (b.bitsRead & regMask)) >> ((regMask + 1 - n) & regMask))
+	b.bitsRead += n
+	return int(v)
+}
+
+// fillFast() will make sure at least 32 bits are available.
+// There must be at least 4 bytes available.
+func (b *bitReader) fillFast() {
+	if b.bitsRead < 32 {
+		return
+	}
+	// 2 bounds checks.
+	v := b.in[b.off-4:]
+	v = v[:4]
+	low := (uint32(v[0])) | (uint32(v[1]) << 8) | (uint32(v[2]) << 16) | (uint32(v[3]) << 24)
+	b.value = (b.value << 32) | uint64(low)
+	b.bitsRead -= 32
+	b.off -= 4
+}
+
+// fillFastStart() assumes the bitreader is empty and there is at least 8 bytes to read.
+func (b *bitReader) fillFastStart() {
+	// Do single re-slice to avoid bounds checks.
+	b.value = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b.in[b.off-8:])
+	b.bitsRead = 0
+	b.off -= 8
+}
+
+// fill() will make sure at least 32 bits are available.
+func (b *bitReader) fill() {
+	if b.bitsRead < 32 {
+		return
+	}
+	if b.off >= 4 {
+		v := b.in[b.off-4:]
+		v = v[:4]
+		low := (uint32(v[0])) | (uint32(v[1]) << 8) | (uint32(v[2]) << 16) | (uint32(v[3]) << 24)
+		b.value = (b.value << 32) | uint64(low)
+		b.bitsRead -= 32
+		b.off -= 4
+		return
+	}
+	for b.off > 0 {
+		b.value = (b.value << 8) | uint64(b.in[b.off-1])
+		b.bitsRead -= 8
+		b.off--
+	}
+}
+
+// finished returns true if all bits have been read from the bit stream.
+func (b *bitReader) finished() bool {
+	return b.off == 0 && b.bitsRead >= 64
+}
+
+// overread returns true if more bits have been requested than is on the stream.
+func (b *bitReader) overread() bool {
+	return b.bitsRead > 64
+}
+
+// remain returns the number of bits remaining.
+func (b *bitReader) remain() uint {
+	return b.off*8 + 64 - uint(b.bitsRead)
+}
+
+// close the bitstream and returns an error if out-of-buffer reads occurred.
+func (b *bitReader) close() error {
+	// Release reference.
+	b.in = nil
+	if b.bitsRead > 64 {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func highBits(val uint32) (n uint32) {
+	return uint32(bits.Len32(val) - 1)
+}