diff --git a/runtime/proc/proc.go b/runtime/proc/proc.go
index 02bc9bda8..91ca59bb1 100644
--- a/runtime/proc/proc.go
+++ b/runtime/proc/proc.go
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ func (s Stdio) IsNull() bool {
 
 // Process on a system
 type Process interface {
-	State
 	// ID returns the id for the process
 	ID() string
 	// Pid returns the pid for the process
@@ -57,10 +56,6 @@ type Process interface {
 	Status(context.Context) (string, error)
 	// Wait blocks until the process has exited
 	Wait()
-}
-
-// State of a process
-type State interface {
 	// Resize resizes the process console
 	Resize(ws console.WinSize) error
 	// Start execution of the process
diff --git a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec.go b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec.go
index 96c425dd9..4b932455b 100644
--- a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec.go
+++ b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import (
 type execProcess struct {
 	wg sync.WaitGroup
 
-	proc.State
+	execState execState
 
 	mu      sync.Mutex
 	id      string
@@ -86,6 +86,13 @@ func (e *execProcess) ExitedAt() time.Time {
 	return e.exited
 }
 
+func (e *execProcess) SetExited(status int) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e.execState.SetExited(status)
+}
+
 func (e *execProcess) setExited(status int) {
 	e.status = status
 	e.exited = time.Now()
@@ -93,6 +100,13 @@ func (e *execProcess) setExited(status int) {
 	close(e.waitBlock)
 }
 
+func (e *execProcess) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return e.execState.Delete(ctx)
+}
+
 func (e *execProcess) delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 	e.wg.Wait()
 	if e.io != nil {
@@ -107,6 +121,13 @@ func (e *execProcess) delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (e *execProcess) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return e.execState.Resize(ws)
+}
+
 func (e *execProcess) resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
 	if e.console == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -114,6 +135,13 @@ func (e *execProcess) resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
 	return e.console.Resize(ws)
 }
 
+func (e *execProcess) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, _ bool) error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return e.execState.Kill(ctx, sig, false)
+}
+
 func (e *execProcess) kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, _ bool) error {
 	pid := e.pid
 	if pid != 0 {
@@ -132,6 +160,13 @@ func (e *execProcess) Stdio() proc.Stdio {
 	return e.stdio
 }
 
+func (e *execProcess) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return e.execState.Start(ctx)
+}
+
 func (e *execProcess) start(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	var (
 		socket  *runc.Socket
diff --git a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec_state.go b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec_state.go
index ac5467552..12489501b 100644
--- a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec_state.go
+++ b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/exec_state.go
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
+type execState interface {
+	Resize(console.WinSize) error
+	Start(context.Context) error
+	Delete(context.Context) error
+	Kill(context.Context, uint32, bool) error
+	SetExited(int)
+}
+
 type execCreatedState struct {
 	p *execProcess
 }
@@ -32,11 +40,11 @@ type execCreatedState struct {
 func (s *execCreatedState) transition(name string) error {
 	switch name {
 	case "running":
-		s.p.State = &execRunningState{p: s.p}
+		s.p.execState = &execRunningState{p: s.p}
 	case "stopped":
-		s.p.State = &execStoppedState{p: s.p}
+		s.p.execState = &execStoppedState{p: s.p}
 	case "deleted":
-		s.p.State = &deletedState{}
+		s.p.execState = &deletedState{}
 	default:
 		return errors.Errorf("invalid state transition %q to %q", stateName(s), name)
 	}
@@ -44,15 +52,10 @@ func (s *execCreatedState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *execCreatedState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.resize(ws)
 }
 
 func (s *execCreatedState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	if err := s.p.start(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -63,22 +66,15 @@ func (s *execCreatedState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err := s.p.delete(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
+
 	return s.transition("deleted")
 }
 
 func (s *execCreatedState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
 func (s *execCreatedState) SetExited(status int) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	s.p.setExited(status)
 
 	if err := s.transition("stopped"); err != nil {
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ type execRunningState struct {
 func (s *execRunningState) transition(name string) error {
 	switch name {
 	case "stopped":
-		s.p.State = &execStoppedState{p: s.p}
+		s.p.execState = &execStoppedState{p: s.p}
 	default:
 		return errors.Errorf("invalid state transition %q to %q", stateName(s), name)
 	}
@@ -101,37 +97,22 @@ func (s *execRunningState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *execRunningState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.resize(ws)
 }
 
 func (s *execRunningState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot start a running process")
 }
 
 func (s *execRunningState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot delete a running process")
 }
 
 func (s *execRunningState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
 func (s *execRunningState) SetExited(status int) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	s.p.setExited(status)
 
 	if err := s.transition("stopped"); err != nil {
@@ -146,7 +127,7 @@ type execStoppedState struct {
 func (s *execStoppedState) transition(name string) error {
 	switch name {
 	case "deleted":
-		s.p.State = &deletedState{}
+		s.p.execState = &deletedState{}
 	default:
 		return errors.Errorf("invalid state transition %q to %q", stateName(s), name)
 	}
@@ -154,16 +135,10 @@ func (s *execStoppedState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *execStoppedState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot resize a stopped container")
 }
 
 func (s *execStoppedState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot start a stopped process")
 }
 
@@ -171,15 +146,11 @@ func (s *execStoppedState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err := s.p.delete(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
+
 	return s.transition("deleted")
 }
 
 func (s *execStoppedState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
diff --git a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init.go b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init.go
index 5bf5f8344..3ce7a4341 100644
--- a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init.go
+++ b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init.go
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ const InitPidFile = "init.pid"
 
 // Init represents an initial process for a container
 type Init struct {
-	wg sync.WaitGroup
-	initState
+	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+	initState initState
 
 	// mu is used to ensure that `Start()` and `Exited()` calls return in
 	// the right order when invoked in separate go routines.
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ func (p *Init) Pid() int {
 func (p *Init) ExitStatus() int {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
 	return p.status
 }
 
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ func (p *Init) ExitStatus() int {
 func (p *Init) ExitedAt() time.Time {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
 	return p.exited
 }
 
@@ -226,6 +228,7 @@ func (p *Init) ExitedAt() time.Time {
 func (p *Init) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
 	c, err := p.runtime.State(ctx, p.id)
 	if err != nil {
 		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not exist") {
@@ -236,11 +239,27 @@ func (p *Init) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 	return c.Status, nil
 }
 
-func (p *Init) start(context context.Context) error {
-	err := p.runtime.Start(context, p.id)
+// Start the init process
+func (p *Init) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Start(ctx)
+}
+
+func (p *Init) start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := p.runtime.Start(ctx, p.id)
 	return p.runtimeError(err, "OCI runtime start failed")
 }
 
+// SetExited of the init process with the next status
+func (p *Init) SetExited(status int) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.initState.SetExited(status)
+}
+
 func (p *Init) setExited(status int) {
 	p.exited = time.Now()
 	p.status = status
@@ -248,9 +267,17 @@ func (p *Init) setExited(status int) {
 	close(p.waitBlock)
 }
 
-func (p *Init) delete(context context.Context) error {
+// Delete the init process
+func (p *Init) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Delete(ctx)
+}
+
+func (p *Init) delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 	p.wg.Wait()
-	err := p.runtime.Delete(context, p.id, nil)
+	err := p.runtime.Delete(ctx, p.id, nil)
 	// ignore errors if a runtime has already deleted the process
 	// but we still hold metadata and pipes
 	//
@@ -270,7 +297,7 @@ func (p *Init) delete(context context.Context) error {
 		p.io.Close()
 	}
 	if err2 := mount.UnmountAll(p.Rootfs, 0); err2 != nil {
-		log.G(context).WithError(err2).Warn("failed to cleanup rootfs mount")
+		log.G(ctx).WithError(err2).Warn("failed to cleanup rootfs mount")
 		if err == nil {
 			err = errors.Wrap(err2, "failed rootfs umount")
 		}
@@ -278,6 +305,17 @@ func (p *Init) delete(context context.Context) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// Resize the init processes console
+func (p *Init) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if p.console == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return p.console.Resize(ws)
+}
+
 func (p *Init) resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
 	if p.console == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -285,26 +323,40 @@ func (p *Init) resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
 	return p.console.Resize(ws)
 }
 
-func (p *Init) pause(context context.Context) error {
-	err := p.runtime.Pause(context, p.id)
-	return p.runtimeError(err, "OCI runtime pause failed")
+// Pause the init process and all its child processes
+func (p *Init) Pause(ctx context.Context) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Pause(ctx)
 }
 
-func (p *Init) resume(context context.Context) error {
-	err := p.runtime.Resume(context, p.id)
-	return p.runtimeError(err, "OCI runtime resume failed")
+// Resume the init process and all its child processes
+func (p *Init) Resume(ctx context.Context) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Resume(ctx)
 }
 
-func (p *Init) kill(context context.Context, signal uint32, all bool) error {
-	err := p.runtime.Kill(context, p.id, int(signal), &runc.KillOpts{
+// Kill the init process
+func (p *Init) Kill(ctx context.Context, signal uint32, all bool) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Kill(ctx, signal, all)
+}
+
+func (p *Init) kill(ctx context.Context, signal uint32, all bool) error {
+	err := p.runtime.Kill(ctx, p.id, int(signal), &runc.KillOpts{
 		All: all,
 	})
 	return checkKillError(err)
 }
 
 // KillAll processes belonging to the init process
-func (p *Init) KillAll(context context.Context) error {
-	err := p.runtime.Kill(context, p.id, int(syscall.SIGKILL), &runc.KillOpts{
+func (p *Init) KillAll(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := p.runtime.Kill(ctx, p.id, int(syscall.SIGKILL), &runc.KillOpts{
 		All: true,
 	})
 	return p.runtimeError(err, "OCI runtime killall failed")
@@ -320,8 +372,16 @@ func (p *Init) Runtime() *runc.Runc {
 	return p.runtime
 }
 
+// Exec returns a new child process
+func (p *Init) Exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Exec(ctx, path, r)
+}
+
 // exec returns a new exec'd process
-func (p *Init) exec(context context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
+func (p *Init) exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
 	// process exec request
 	var spec specs.Process
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(r.Spec.Value, &spec); err != nil {
@@ -342,18 +402,26 @@ func (p *Init) exec(context context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.P
 		},
 		waitBlock: make(chan struct{}),
 	}
-	e.State = &execCreatedState{p: e}
+	e.execState = &execCreatedState{p: e}
 	return e, nil
 }
 
-func (p *Init) checkpoint(context context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
+// Checkpoint the init process
+func (p *Init) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Checkpoint(ctx, r)
+}
+
+func (p *Init) checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
 	var actions []runc.CheckpointAction
 	if !r.Exit {
 		actions = append(actions, runc.LeaveRunning)
 	}
 	work := filepath.Join(p.WorkDir, "criu-work")
 	defer os.RemoveAll(work)
-	if err := p.runtime.Checkpoint(context, p.id, &runc.CheckpointOpts{
+	if err := p.runtime.Checkpoint(ctx, p.id, &runc.CheckpointOpts{
 		WorkDir:                  work,
 		ImagePath:                r.Path,
 		AllowOpenTCP:             r.AllowOpenTCP,
@@ -364,19 +432,27 @@ func (p *Init) checkpoint(context context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
 	}, actions...); err != nil {
 		dumpLog := filepath.Join(p.Bundle, "criu-dump.log")
 		if cerr := copyFile(dumpLog, filepath.Join(work, "dump.log")); cerr != nil {
-			log.G(context).Error(err)
+			log.G(ctx).Error(err)
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("%s path= %s", criuError(err), dumpLog)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *Init) update(context context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
+// Update the processes resource configuration
+func (p *Init) Update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return p.initState.Update(ctx, r)
+}
+
+func (p *Init) update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
 	var resources specs.LinuxResources
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(r.Value, &resources); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return p.runtime.Update(context, p.id, &resources)
+	return p.runtime.Update(ctx, p.id, &resources)
 }
 
 // Stdio of the process
diff --git a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init_state.go b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init_state.go
index 6a6b448d3..06a5c7f3d 100644
--- a/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init_state.go
+++ b/runtime/v1/linux/proc/init_state.go
@@ -30,16 +30,20 @@ import (
 	runc "github.com/containerd/go-runc"
 	google_protobuf "github.com/gogo/protobuf/types"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type initState interface {
-	proc.State
-
+	Resize(console.WinSize) error
+	Start(context.Context) error
+	Delete(context.Context) error
 	Pause(context.Context) error
 	Resume(context.Context) error
 	Update(context.Context, *google_protobuf.Any) error
 	Checkpoint(context.Context, *CheckpointConfig) error
 	Exec(context.Context, string, *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error)
+	Kill(context.Context, uint32, bool) error
+	SetExited(int)
 }
 
 type createdState struct {
@@ -61,43 +65,26 @@ func (s *createdState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Pause(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot pause task in created state")
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Resume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot resume task in created state")
 }
 
-func (s *createdState) Update(context context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	return s.p.update(context, r)
+func (s *createdState) Update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
+	return s.p.update(ctx, r)
 }
 
-func (s *createdState) Checkpoint(context context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
+func (s *createdState) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot checkpoint a task in created state")
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.resize(ws)
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	if err := s.p.start(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -105,8 +92,6 @@ func (s *createdState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	if err := s.p.delete(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -114,16 +99,10 @@ func (s *createdState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) SetExited(status int) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	s.p.setExited(status)
 
 	if err := s.transition("stopped"); err != nil {
@@ -132,8 +111,6 @@ func (s *createdState) SetExited(status int) {
 }
 
 func (s *createdState) Exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	return s.p.exec(ctx, path, r)
 }
 
@@ -157,43 +134,26 @@ func (s *createdCheckpointState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Pause(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot pause task in created state")
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Resume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot resume task in created state")
 }
 
-func (s *createdCheckpointState) Update(context context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	return s.p.update(context, r)
+func (s *createdCheckpointState) Update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
+	return s.p.update(ctx, r)
 }
 
-func (s *createdCheckpointState) Checkpoint(context context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
+func (s *createdCheckpointState) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot checkpoint a task in created state")
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.resize(ws)
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	p := s.p
 	sio := p.stdio
 
@@ -247,8 +207,6 @@ func (s *createdCheckpointState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	if err := s.p.delete(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -256,16 +214,10 @@ func (s *createdCheckpointState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) SetExited(status int) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	s.p.setExited(status)
 
 	if err := s.transition("stopped"); err != nil {
@@ -274,9 +226,6 @@ func (s *createdCheckpointState) SetExited(status int) {
 }
 
 func (s *createdCheckpointState) Exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return nil, errors.Errorf("cannot exec in a created state")
 }
 
@@ -297,67 +246,42 @@ func (s *runningState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Pause(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-	if err := s.p.pause(ctx); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if err := s.p.runtime.Pause(ctx, s.p.id); err != nil {
+		return s.p.runtimeError(err, "OCI runtime pause failed")
 	}
+
 	return s.transition("paused")
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Resume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot resume a running process")
 }
 
-func (s *runningState) Update(context context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	return s.p.update(context, r)
+func (s *runningState) Update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
+	return s.p.update(ctx, r)
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.checkpoint(ctx, r)
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.resize(ws)
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot start a running process")
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot delete a running process")
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) SetExited(status int) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	s.p.setExited(status)
 
 	if err := s.transition("stopped"); err != nil {
@@ -366,8 +290,6 @@ func (s *runningState) SetExited(status int) {
 }
 
 func (s *runningState) Exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	return s.p.exec(ctx, path, r)
 }
 
@@ -388,79 +310,54 @@ func (s *pausedState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Pause(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot pause a paused container")
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Resume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if err := s.p.resume(ctx); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if err := s.p.runtime.Resume(ctx, s.p.id); err != nil {
+		return s.p.runtimeError(err, "OCI runtime resume failed")
 	}
+
 	return s.transition("running")
 }
 
-func (s *pausedState) Update(context context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	return s.p.update(context, r)
+func (s *pausedState) Update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
+	return s.p.update(ctx, r)
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.checkpoint(ctx, r)
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.resize(ws)
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot start a paused process")
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot delete a paused process")
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Kill(ctx context.Context, sig uint32, all bool) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return s.p.kill(ctx, sig, all)
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) SetExited(status int) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	s.p.setExited(status)
 
+	if err := s.p.runtime.Resume(context.Background(), s.p.id); err != nil {
+		logrus.WithError(err).Error("resuming exited container from paused state")
+	}
+
 	if err := s.transition("stopped"); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 }
 
 func (s *pausedState) Exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return nil, errors.Errorf("cannot exec in a paused state")
 }
 
@@ -479,50 +376,30 @@ func (s *stoppedState) transition(name string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Pause(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot pause a stopped container")
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Resume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot resume a stopped container")
 }
 
-func (s *stoppedState) Update(context context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
+func (s *stoppedState) Update(ctx context.Context, r *google_protobuf.Any) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot update a stopped container")
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, r *CheckpointConfig) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot checkpoint a stopped container")
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Resize(ws console.WinSize) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot resize a stopped container")
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return errors.Errorf("cannot start a stopped process")
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
 	if err := s.p.delete(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -538,8 +415,5 @@ func (s *stoppedState) SetExited(status int) {
 }
 
 func (s *stoppedState) Exec(ctx context.Context, path string, r *ExecConfig) (proc.Process, error) {
-	s.p.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.p.mu.Unlock()
-
 	return nil, errors.Errorf("cannot exec in a stopped state")
 }