containerd/snapshots/windows/windows.go

// +build windows

/*
   Copyright The containerd Authors.

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
*/

package windows

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	winfs "github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/pkg/fs"
	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/vhd"
	"github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/errdefs"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/log"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/mount"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/platforms"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/plugin"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/snapshots"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/snapshots/storage"
	"github.com/containerd/continuity/fs"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
)

func init() {
	plugin.Register(&plugin.Registration{
		Type: plugin.SnapshotPlugin,
		ID:   "windows",
		InitFn: func(ic *plugin.InitContext) (interface{}, error) {
			ic.Meta.Platforms = []ocispec.Platform{platforms.DefaultSpec()}
			return NewSnapshotter(ic.Root)
		},
	})
}

const (
	rootfsSizeLabel = "containerd.io/snapshot/io.microsoft.container.storage.rootfs.size-gb"
)

type snapshotter struct {
	root string
	info hcsshim.DriverInfo
	ms   *storage.MetaStore
}

// NewSnapshotter returns a new windows snapshotter
func NewSnapshotter(root string) (snapshots.Snapshotter, error) {
	fsType, err := winfs.GetFileSystemType(root)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if strings.ToLower(fsType) != "ntfs" {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(errdefs.ErrInvalidArgument, "%s is not on an NTFS volume - only NTFS volumes are supported", root)
	}

	if err := os.MkdirAll(root, 0700); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	ms, err := storage.NewMetaStore(filepath.Join(root, "metadata.db"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(root, "snapshots"), 0700); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &snapshotter{
		info: hcsshim.DriverInfo{
			HomeDir: filepath.Join(root, "snapshots"),
		},
		root: root,
		ms:   ms,
	}, nil
}

// Stat returns the info for an active or committed snapshot by name or
// key.
//
// Should be used for parent resolution, existence checks and to discern
// the kind of snapshot.
func (s *snapshotter) Stat(ctx context.Context, key string) (snapshots.Info, error) {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, false)
	if err != nil {
		return snapshots.Info{}, err
	}
	defer t.Rollback()

	_, info, _, err := storage.GetInfo(ctx, key)
	return info, err
}

func (s *snapshotter) Update(ctx context.Context, info snapshots.Info, fieldpaths ...string) (snapshots.Info, error) {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, true)
	if err != nil {
		return snapshots.Info{}, err
	}
	defer t.Rollback()

	info, err = storage.UpdateInfo(ctx, info, fieldpaths...)
	if err != nil {
		return snapshots.Info{}, err
	}

	if err := t.Commit(); err != nil {
		return snapshots.Info{}, err
	}

	return info, nil
}

func (s *snapshotter) Usage(ctx context.Context, key string) (snapshots.Usage, error) {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, false)
	if err != nil {
		return snapshots.Usage{}, err
	}
	id, info, usage, err := storage.GetInfo(ctx, key)
	t.Rollback() // transaction no longer needed at this point.

	if err != nil {
		return snapshots.Usage{}, err
	}

	if info.Kind == snapshots.KindActive {
		path := s.getSnapshotDir(id)
		du, err := fs.DiskUsage(ctx, path)
		if err != nil {
			return snapshots.Usage{}, err
		}

		usage = snapshots.Usage(du)
	}

	return usage, nil
}

func (s *snapshotter) Prepare(ctx context.Context, key, parent string, opts ...snapshots.Opt) ([]mount.Mount, error) {
	return s.createSnapshot(ctx, snapshots.KindActive, key, parent, opts)
}

func (s *snapshotter) View(ctx context.Context, key, parent string, opts ...snapshots.Opt) ([]mount.Mount, error) {
	return s.createSnapshot(ctx, snapshots.KindView, key, parent, opts)
}

// Mounts returns the mounts for the transaction identified by key. Can be
// called on an read-write or readonly transaction.
//
// This can be used to recover mounts after calling View or Prepare.
func (s *snapshotter) Mounts(ctx context.Context, key string) ([]mount.Mount, error) {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer t.Rollback()

	snapshot, err := storage.GetSnapshot(ctx, key)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get snapshot mount")
	}
	return s.mounts(snapshot), nil
}

func (s *snapshotter) Commit(ctx context.Context, name, key string, opts ...snapshots.Opt) error {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			if rerr := t.Rollback(); rerr != nil {
				log.G(ctx).WithError(rerr).Warn("failed to rollback transaction")
			}
		}
	}()

	// grab the existing id
	id, _, _, err := storage.GetInfo(ctx, key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	usage, err := fs.DiskUsage(ctx, s.getSnapshotDir(id))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if _, err = storage.CommitActive(ctx, key, name, snapshots.Usage(usage), opts...); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to commit snapshot")
	}
	return t.Commit()
}

// Remove abandons the transaction identified by key. All resources
// associated with the key will be removed.
func (s *snapshotter) Remove(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.Rollback()

	id, _, err := storage.Remove(ctx, key)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to remove")
	}

	path := s.getSnapshotDir(id)
	renamedID := "rm-" + id
	renamed := s.getSnapshotDir(renamedID)
	if err := os.Rename(path, renamed); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
		if !os.IsPermission(err) {
			return err
		}
		// If permission denied, it's possible that the scratch is still mounted, an
		// artifact after a hard daemon crash for example. Worth a shot to try detaching it
		// before retrying the rename.
		if detachErr := vhd.DetachVhd(filepath.Join(path, "sandbox.vhdx")); detachErr != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to detach VHD: %s", detachErr)
		}
		if renameErr := os.Rename(path, renamed); renameErr != nil && !os.IsNotExist(renameErr) {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "second rename attempt following detach failed: %s", renameErr)
		}
	}

	if err := t.Commit(); err != nil {
		if err1 := os.Rename(renamed, path); err1 != nil {
			// May cause inconsistent data on disk
			log.G(ctx).WithError(err1).WithField("path", renamed).Errorf("Failed to rename after failed commit")
		}
		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to commit")
	}

	if err := hcsshim.DestroyLayer(s.info, renamedID); err != nil {
		// Must be cleaned up, any "rm-*" could be removed if no active transactions
		log.G(ctx).WithError(err).WithField("path", renamed).Warnf("Failed to remove root filesystem")
	}

	return nil
}

// Walk the committed snapshots.
func (s *snapshotter) Walk(ctx context.Context, fn snapshots.WalkFunc, fs ...string) error {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, false)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.Rollback()

	return storage.WalkInfo(ctx, fn, fs...)
}

// Close closes the snapshotter
func (s *snapshotter) Close() error {
	return s.ms.Close()
}

func (s *snapshotter) mounts(sn storage.Snapshot) []mount.Mount {
	var (
		roFlag           string
		source           string
		parentLayerPaths []string
	)

	if sn.Kind == snapshots.KindView {
		roFlag = "ro"
	} else {
		roFlag = "rw"
	}

	if len(sn.ParentIDs) == 0 || sn.Kind == snapshots.KindActive {
		source = s.getSnapshotDir(sn.ID)
		parentLayerPaths = s.parentIDsToParentPaths(sn.ParentIDs)
	} else {
		source = s.getSnapshotDir(sn.ParentIDs[0])
		parentLayerPaths = s.parentIDsToParentPaths(sn.ParentIDs[1:])
	}

	// error is not checked here, as a string array will never fail to Marshal
	parentLayersJSON, _ := json.Marshal(parentLayerPaths)
	parentLayersOption := mount.ParentLayerPathsFlag + string(parentLayersJSON)

	var mounts []mount.Mount
	mounts = append(mounts, mount.Mount{
		Source: source,
		Type:   "windows-layer",
		Options: []string{
			roFlag,
			parentLayersOption,
		},
	})

	return mounts
}

func (s *snapshotter) getSnapshotDir(id string) string {
	return filepath.Join(s.root, "snapshots", id)
}

func (s *snapshotter) createSnapshot(ctx context.Context, kind snapshots.Kind, key, parent string, opts []snapshots.Opt) ([]mount.Mount, error) {
	ctx, t, err := s.ms.TransactionContext(ctx, true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer t.Rollback()

	newSnapshot, err := storage.CreateSnapshot(ctx, kind, key, parent, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create snapshot")
	}

	if kind == snapshots.KindActive {
		log.G(ctx).Debug("createSnapshot active")
		// Create the new snapshot dir
		snDir := s.getSnapshotDir(newSnapshot.ID)
		if err := os.MkdirAll(snDir, 0700); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// IO/disk space optimization
		//
		// We only need one sandbox.vhdx for the container. Skip making one for this
		// snapshot if this isn't the snapshot that just houses the final sandbox.vhd
		// that will be mounted as the containers scratch. Currently the key for a snapshot
		// where a layer will be extracted to will have the string `extract-` in it.
		if !strings.Contains(key, snapshots.UnpackKeyPrefix) {
			parentLayerPaths := s.parentIDsToParentPaths(newSnapshot.ParentIDs)

			var parentPath string
			if len(parentLayerPaths) != 0 {
				parentPath = parentLayerPaths[0]
			}

			if err := hcsshim.CreateSandboxLayer(s.info, newSnapshot.ID, parentPath, parentLayerPaths); err != nil {
				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create sandbox layer")
			}

			var snapshotInfo snapshots.Info
			for _, o := range opts {
				o(&snapshotInfo)
			}

			var sizeGB int
			if sizeGBstr, ok := snapshotInfo.Labels[rootfsSizeLabel]; ok {
				i32, err := strconv.ParseInt(sizeGBstr, 10, 32)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse label %q=%q", rootfsSizeLabel, sizeGBstr)
				}
				sizeGB = int(i32)
			}

			if sizeGB > 0 {
				const gbToByte = 1024 * 1024 * 1024
				if err := hcsshim.ExpandSandboxSize(s.info, newSnapshot.ID, uint64(gbToByte*sizeGB)); err != nil {
					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to expand scratch size to %d GB", sizeGB)
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if err := t.Commit(); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "commit failed")
	}

	return s.mounts(newSnapshot), nil
}

func (s *snapshotter) parentIDsToParentPaths(parentIDs []string) []string {
	var parentLayerPaths []string
	for _, ID := range parentIDs {
		parentLayerPaths = append(parentLayerPaths, s.getSnapshotDir(ID))
	}
	return parentLayerPaths
}