Merge pull request #11452 from thockin/docs-munge-headerlines

Munge headerlines
This commit is contained in:
David Oppenheimer
2015-07-17 15:52:08 -07:00
214 changed files with 745 additions and 29 deletions

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# Kubernetes Cluster Admin Guide
The cluster admin guide is for anyone creating or administering a Kubernetes cluster.
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ If you are modifying an existing guide which uses Salt, this document explains [
project.](salt.md).
## Upgrading a cluster
[Upgrading a cluster](cluster-management.md).
## Managing nodes

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# Configuring APIserver ports
This document describes what ports the kubernetes apiserver
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ in [Accessing the cluster](../user-guide/accessing-the-cluster.md).
## Ports and IPs Served On
The Kubernetes API is served by the Kubernetes APIServer process. Typically,
there is one of these running on a single kubernetes-master node.
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ variety of uses cases:
setup time. Kubelets use cert-based auth, while kube-proxy uses token-based auth.
## Expected changes
- Policy will limit the actions kubelets can do via the authed port.
- Scheduler and Controller-manager will use the Secure Port too. They
will then be able to run on different machines than the apiserver.

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# Admission Controllers
**Table of Contents**

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# Authentication Plugins
Kubernetes uses client certificates, tokens, or http basic auth to authenticate users for API calls.

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# Authorization Plugins
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ The following implementations are available, and are selected by flag:
`ABAC` allows for user-configured authorization policy. ABAC stands for Attribute-Based Access Control.
## ABAC Mode
### Request Attributes
A request has 4 attributes that can be considered for authorization:
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ To permit any user to do something, write a policy with the user property unset.
To permit an action Policy with an unset namespace applies regardless of namespace.
### Examples
1. Alice can do anything: `{"user":"alice"}`
2. Kubelet can read any pods: `{"user":"kubelet", "resource": "pods", "readonly": true}`
3. Kubelet can read and write events: `{"user":"kubelet", "resource": "events"}`

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# Kubernetes Cluster Admin Guide: Cluster Components
This document outlines the various binary components that need to run to
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ These controllers include:
selects a node for them to run on.
### addons
Addons are pods and services that implement cluster features. They don't run on
the master VM, but currently the default setup scripts that make the API calls
to create these pods and services does run on the master VM. See:

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# Kubernetes Large Cluster
## Support
At v1.0, Kubernetes supports clusters up to 100 nodes with 30 pods per node and 1-2 container per pod (as defined in the [1.0 roadmap](../../docs/roadmap.md#reliability-and-performance)).
## Setup
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ To avoid running into cloud provider quota issues, when creating a cluster with
* Gating the setup script so that it brings up new node VMs in smaller batches with waits in between, because some cloud providers rate limit the creation of VMs.
### Addon Resources
To prevent memory leaks or other resource issues in [cluster addons](../../cluster/addons/) from consuming all the resources available on a node, Kubernetes sets resource limits on addon containers to limit the CPU and Memory resources they can consume (See PR [#10653](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pull/10653/files) and [#10778](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pull/10778/files)).
For example:

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# Cluster Management
This doc is in progress.

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# Cluster Troubleshooting
This doc is about cluster troubleshooting; we assume you have already ruled out your application as the root cause of the
problem you are experiencing. See
the [application troubleshooting guide](../user-guide/application-troubleshooting.md) for tips on application debugging.
You may also visit [troubleshooting document](../troubleshooting.md) for more information.
## Listing your cluster
The first thing to debug in your cluster is if your nodes are all registered correctly.
Run
@@ -48,15 +51,18 @@ kubectl get nodes
And verify that all of the nodes you expect to see are present and that they are all in the ```Ready``` state.
## Looking at logs
For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations
of the relevant log files. (note that on systemd-based systems, you may need to use ```journalctl``` instead)
### Master
* /var/log/kube-apiserver.log - API Server, responsible for serving the API
* /var/log/kube-scheduler.log - Scheduler, responsible for making scheduling decisions
* /var/log/kube-controller-manager.log - Controller that manages replication controllers
### Worker Nodes
* /var/log/kubelet.log - Kubelet, responsible for running containers on the node
* /var/log/kube-proxy.log - Kube Proxy, responsible for service load balancing

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# DNS Integration with Kubernetes
As of kubernetes 0.8, DNS is offered as a [cluster add-on](../../cluster/addons/README.md).

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# High Availability Kubernetes Clusters
**Table of Contents**
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## Introduction
This document describes how to build a high-availability (HA) Kubernetes cluster. This is a fairly advanced topic.
Users who merely want to experiment with Kubernetes are encouraged to use configurations that are simpler to set up such as
the simple [Docker based single node cluster instructions](../../docs/getting-started-guides/docker.md),
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ Also, at this time high availability support for Kubernetes is not continuously
be working to add this continuous testing, but for now the single-node master installations are more heavily tested.
## Overview
Setting up a truly reliable, highly available distributed system requires a number of steps, it is akin to
wearing underwear, pants, a belt, suspenders, another pair of underwear, and another pair of pants. We go into each
of these steps in detail, but a summary is given here to help guide and orient the user.
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ Here's what the system should look like when it's finished:
Ready? Let's get started.
## Initial set-up
The remainder of this guide assumes that you are setting up a 3-node clustered master, where each machine is running some flavor of Linux.
Examples in the guide are given for Debian distributions, but they should be easily adaptable to other distributions.
Likewise, this set up should work whether you are running in a public or private cloud provider, or if you are running
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ instructions at [https://get.k8s.io](https://get.k8s.io)
describe easy installation for single-master clusters on a variety of platforms.
## Reliable nodes
On each master node, we are going to run a number of processes that implement the Kubernetes API. The first step in making these reliable is
to make sure that each automatically restarts when it fails. To achieve this, we need to install a process watcher. We choose to use
the ```kubelet``` that we run on each of the worker nodes. This is convenient, since we can use containers to distribute our binaries, we can
@@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ On systemd systems you ```systemctl enable kubelet``` and ```systemctl enable do
## Establishing a redundant, reliable data storage layer
The central foundation of a highly available solution is a redundant, reliable storage layer. The number one rule of high-availability is
to protect the data. Whatever else happens, whatever catches on fire, if you have the data, you can rebuild. If you lose the data, you're
done.
@@ -110,6 +116,7 @@ size of the cluster from three to five nodes. If that is still insufficient, yo
[even more redundancy to your storage layer](#even-more-reliable-storage).
### Clustering etcd
The full details of clustering etcd are beyond the scope of this document, lots of details are given on the
[etcd clustering page](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/blob/master/Documentation/clustering.md). This example walks through
a simple cluster set up, using etcd's built in discovery to build our cluster.
@@ -131,6 +138,7 @@ for ```${NODE_IP}``` on each machine.
#### Validating your cluster
Once you copy this into all three nodes, you should have a clustered etcd set up. You can validate with
```
@@ -147,6 +155,7 @@ You can also validate that this is working with ```etcdctl set foo bar``` on one
on a different node.
### Even more reliable storage
Of course, if you are interested in increased data reliability, there are further options which makes the place where etcd
installs it's data even more reliable than regular disks (belts *and* suspenders, ftw!).
@@ -163,9 +172,11 @@ for each node. Throughout these instructions, we assume that this storage is mo
## Replicated API Servers
Once you have replicated etcd set up correctly, we will also install the apiserver using the kubelet.
### Installing configuration files
First you need to create the initial log file, so that Docker mounts a file instead of a directory:
```
@@ -184,12 +195,14 @@ Next, you need to create a ```/srv/kubernetes/``` directory on each node. This
The easiest way to create this directory, may be to copy it from the master node of a working cluster, or you can manually generate these files yourself.
### Starting the API Server
Once these files exist, copy the [kube-apiserver.yaml](high-availability/kube-apiserver.yaml) into ```/etc/kubernetes/manifests/``` on each master node.
The kubelet monitors this directory, and will automatically create an instance of the ```kube-apiserver``` container using the pod definition specified
in the file.
### Load balancing
At this point, you should have 3 apiservers all working correctly. If you set up a network load balancer, you should
be able to access your cluster via that load balancer, and see traffic balancing between the apiserver instances. Setting
up a load balancer will depend on the specifics of your platform, for example instructions for the Google Cloud
@@ -204,6 +217,7 @@ For external users of the API (e.g. the ```kubectl``` command line interface, co
them to talk to the external load balancer's IP address.
## Master elected components
So far we have set up state storage, and we have set up the API server, but we haven't run anything that actually modifies
cluster state, such as the controller manager and scheduler. To achieve this reliably, we only want to have one actor modifying state at a time, but we want replicated
instances of these actors, in case a machine dies. To achieve this, we are going to use a lease-lock in etcd to perform
@@ -227,6 +241,7 @@ by copying [kube-scheduler.yaml](high-availability/kube-scheduler.yaml) and [kub
directory.
### Running the podmaster
Now that the configuration files are in place, copy the [podmaster.yaml](high-availability/podmaster.yaml) config file into ```/etc/kubernetes/manifests/```
As before, the kubelet on the node monitors this directory, and will start an instance of the podmaster using the pod specification provided in ```podmaster.yaml```.
@@ -237,6 +252,7 @@ the kubelet will restart them. If any of these nodes fail, the process will mov
node.
## Conclusion
At this point, you are done (yeah!) with the master components, but you still need to add worker nodes (boo!).
If you have an existing cluster, this is as simple as reconfiguring your kubelets to talk to the load-balanced endpoint, and
@@ -245,7 +261,7 @@ restarting the kubelets on each node.
If you are turning up a fresh cluster, you will need to install the kubelet and kube-proxy on each worker node, and
set the ```--apiserver``` flag to your replicated endpoint.
##Vagrant up!
## Vagrant up!
We indeed have an initial proof of concept tester for this, which is available [here](../../examples/high-availability/).

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## kube-apiserver

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## kube-controller-manager

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## kube-proxy

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## kube-scheduler

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## kubelet

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# Considerations for running multiple Kubernetes clusters
You may want to set up multiple kubernetes clusters, both to
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ Reasons to have multiple clusters include:
- test clusters to canary new Kubernetes releases or other cluster software.
## Selecting the right number of clusters
The selection of the number of kubernetes clusters may be a relatively static choice, only revisited occasionally.
By contrast, the number of nodes in a cluster and the number of pods in a service may be change frequently according to
load and growth.

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# Networking in Kubernetes
**Table of Contents**

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# Node
**Table of Contents**

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# Kubernetes OpenVSwitch GRE/VxLAN networking
This document describes how OpenVSwitch is used to setup networking between pods across nodes.

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# Administering Resource Quotas
Kubernetes can limit both the number of objects created in a namespace, and the
@@ -49,7 +50,8 @@ Resource Quota is enforced in a particular namespace when there is a
See [ResourceQuota design doc](../design/admission_control_resource_quota.md) for more information.
## Object Count Quota
## Object Count Quota
The number of objects of a given type can be restricted. The following types
are supported:
@@ -65,7 +67,8 @@ are supported:
For example, `pods` quota counts and enforces a maximum on the number of `pods`
created in a single namespace.
## Compute Resource Quota
## Compute Resource Quota
The total number of objects of a given type can be restricted. The following types
are supported:
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ Any resource that is not part of core Kubernetes must follow the resource naming
This means the resource must have a fully-qualified name (i.e. mycompany.org/shinynewresource)
## Viewing and Setting Quotas
Kubectl supports creating, updating, and viewing quotas
```
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```
## Quota and Cluster Capacity
Resource Quota objects are independent of the Cluster Capacity. They are
expressed in absolute units.
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hard limits of each namespace.
## Example
See a [detailed example for how to use resource quota](../user-guide/resourcequota/).

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# Using Salt to configure Kubernetes
The Kubernetes cluster can be configured using Salt.

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# Cluster Admin Guide to Service Accounts
*This is a Cluster Administrator guide to service accounts. It assumes knowledge of
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accounts for components of that system. Because service accounts can be created
ad-hoc and have namespaced names, such config is portable.
## Service account automation
## Service account automation
Three separate components cooperate to implement the automation around service accounts:
- A Service account admission controller
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ It acts synchronously to modify pods as they are created or updated. When this p
6. It adds a `volumeSource` to each container of the pod mounted at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount`.
### Token Controller
TokenController runs as part of controller-manager. It acts asynchronously. It:
- observes serviceAccount creation and creates a corresponding Secret to allow API access.
- observes serviceAccount deletion and deletes all corresponding ServiceAccountToken Secrets