Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 51174, 51363, 51087, 51382, 51388)
Add InstanceExistsByProviderID to cloud provider interface for CCM
**What this PR does / why we need it**:
Currently, [`MonitorNode()`](02b520f0a4/pkg/controller/cloud/nodecontroller.go (L240)) in the node controller checks with the CCM if a node still exists by calling `ExternalID(nodeName)`. `ExternalID` is supposed to return the provider id of a node which is not supported on every cloud. This means that any clouds who cannot infer the provider id by the node name from a remote location will never remove nodes that no longer exist.
**Which issue this PR fixes** *(optional, in `fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...)` format, will close that issue when PR gets merged)*: fixes#50985
**Special notes for your reviewer**:
We'll want to create a subsequent issue to track the implementation of these two new methods in the cloud providers.
**Release note**:
```release-note
Adds `InstanceExists` and `InstanceExistsByProviderID` to cloud provider interface for the cloud controller manager
```
/cc @wlan0 @thockin @andrewsykim @luxas @jhorwit2
/area cloudprovider
/sig cluster-lifecycle
