/*
Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package e2e

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
	apierrs "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/authentication/serviceaccount"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1"
	rbacv1beta1 "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/rbac/v1beta1"
	storage "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/storage/v1"
	storageutil "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/storage/v1/util"
	storagebeta "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/storage/v1beta1"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/clientset_generated/clientset"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework"
)

const (
	// Requested size of the volume
	requestedSize = "1500Mi"
	// Plugin name of the external provisioner
	externalPluginName = "example.com/nfs"
)

func testDynamicProvisioning(client clientset.Interface, claim *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim, expectedSize string) {
	err := framework.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(v1.ClaimBound, client, claim.Namespace, claim.Name, framework.Poll, framework.ClaimProvisionTimeout)
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	By("checking the claim")
	// Get new copy of the claim
	claim, err = client.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(claim.Namespace).Get(claim.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	// Get the bound PV
	pv, err := client.Core().PersistentVolumes().Get(claim.Spec.VolumeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	// Check sizes
	expectedCapacity := resource.MustParse(expectedSize)
	pvCapacity := pv.Spec.Capacity[v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage)]
	Expect(pvCapacity.Value()).To(Equal(expectedCapacity.Value()), "pvCapacity is not equal to expectedCapacity")

	requestedCapacity := resource.MustParse(requestedSize)
	claimCapacity := claim.Spec.Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage)]
	Expect(claimCapacity.Value()).To(Equal(requestedCapacity.Value()), "claimCapacity is not equal to requestedCapacity")

	// Check PV properties
	Expect(pv.Spec.PersistentVolumeReclaimPolicy).To(Equal(v1.PersistentVolumeReclaimDelete))
	expectedAccessModes := []v1.PersistentVolumeAccessMode{v1.ReadWriteOnce}
	Expect(pv.Spec.AccessModes).To(Equal(expectedAccessModes))
	Expect(pv.Spec.ClaimRef.Name).To(Equal(claim.ObjectMeta.Name))
	Expect(pv.Spec.ClaimRef.Namespace).To(Equal(claim.ObjectMeta.Namespace))

	// We start two pods:
	// - The first writes 'hello word' to the /mnt/test (= the volume).
	// - The second one runs grep 'hello world' on /mnt/test.
	// If both succeed, Kubernetes actually allocated something that is
	// persistent across pods.
	By("checking the created volume is writable")
	runInPodWithVolume(client, claim.Namespace, claim.Name, "echo 'hello world' > /mnt/test/data")

	By("checking the created volume is readable and retains data")
	runInPodWithVolume(client, claim.Namespace, claim.Name, "grep 'hello world' /mnt/test/data")

	By("deleting the claim")
	framework.ExpectNoError(client.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(claim.Namespace).Delete(claim.Name, nil))

	// Wait for the PV to get deleted. Technically, the first few delete
	// attempts may fail, as the volume is still attached to a node because
	// kubelet is slowly cleaning up a pod, however it should succeed in a
	// couple of minutes. Wait 20 minutes to recover from random cloud hiccups.
	framework.ExpectNoError(framework.WaitForPersistentVolumeDeleted(client, pv.Name, 5*time.Second, 20*time.Minute))
}

var _ = framework.KubeDescribe("Dynamic Provisioning", func() {
	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework("volume-provisioning")

	// filled in BeforeEach
	var c clientset.Interface
	var ns string

	BeforeEach(func() {
		c = f.ClientSet
		ns = f.Namespace.Name
	})

	framework.KubeDescribe("DynamicProvisioner", func() {
		It("should create and delete persistent volumes [Slow] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("openstack", "gce", "aws", "gke")

			By("creating a StorageClass")
			class := newStorageClass("", "internal")
			class, err := c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Create(class)
			defer c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Delete(class.Name, nil)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			By("creating a claim with a dynamic provisioning annotation")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			claim.Spec.StorageClassName = &class.Name

			defer func() {
				c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Delete(claim.Name, nil)
			}()
			claim, err = c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			if framework.ProviderIs("vsphere") {
				// vsphere provider does not allocate volumes in 1GiB chunks, so setting expected size
				// equal to requestedSize
				testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, requestedSize)
			} else {
				// Expected size of the volume is 2GiB, because the other three supported cloud
				// providers allocate volumes in 1GiB chunks.
				testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, "2Gi")
			}
		})
	})

	framework.KubeDescribe("DynamicProvisioner Beta", func() {
		It("should create and delete persistent volumes [Slow] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("openstack", "gce", "aws", "gke")

			By("creating a StorageClass")
			class := newBetaStorageClass("", "beta")
			class, err := c.StorageV1beta1().StorageClasses().Create(class)
			defer deleteStorageClass(c, class.Name)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			By("creating a claim with a dynamic provisioning annotation")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			claim.Annotations = map[string]string{
				v1.BetaStorageClassAnnotation: class.Name,
			}

			defer func() {
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, claim.Name, ns)
			}()
			claim, err = c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, "2Gi")
		})

		// NOTE: Slow!  The test will wait up to 5 minutes (framework.ClaimProvisionTimeout) when there is
		// no regression.
		It("should not provision a volume in an unmanaged GCE zone. [Slow] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("gce", "gke")
			var suffix string = "unmananged"

			By("Discovering an unmanaged zone")
			allZones := sets.NewString()     // all zones in the project
			managedZones := sets.NewString() // subset of allZones

			gceCloud, err := framework.GetGCECloud()
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Get all k8s managed zones
			managedZones, err = gceCloud.GetAllZones()
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Get a list of all zones in the project
			zones, err := gceCloud.GetComputeService().Zones.List(framework.TestContext.CloudConfig.ProjectID).Do()
			for _, z := range zones.Items {
				allZones.Insert(z.Name)
			}

			// Get the subset of zones not managed by k8s
			var unmanagedZone string
			var popped bool
			unmanagedZones := allZones.Difference(managedZones)
			// And select one of them at random.
			if unmanagedZone, popped = unmanagedZones.PopAny(); !popped {
				framework.Skipf("No unmanaged zones found.")
			}

			By("Creating a StorageClass for the unmanaged zone")
			sc := newBetaStorageClass("", suffix)
			// Set an unmanaged zone.
			sc.Parameters = map[string]string{"zone": unmanagedZone}
			sc, err = c.StorageV1beta1().StorageClasses().Create(sc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			defer deleteStorageClass(c, sc.Name)

			By("Creating a claim and expecting it to timeout")
			pvc := newClaim(ns)
			pvc.Spec.StorageClassName = &sc.Name
			pvc, err = c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(pvc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			defer framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, pvc.Name, ns)

			// The claim should timeout phase:Pending
			err = framework.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(v1.ClaimBound, c, ns, pvc.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionTimeout)
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
			framework.Logf(err.Error())
		})

		It("should test that deleting a claim before the volume is provisioned deletes the volume. [Volume]", func() {
			// This case tests for the regressions of a bug fixed by PR #21268
			// REGRESSION: Deleting the PVC before the PV is provisioned can result in the PV
			// not being deleted.
			// NOTE:  Polls until no PVs are detected, times out at 5 minutes.

			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("gce", "gke")

			const raceAttempts int = 100
			var residualPVs []*v1.PersistentVolume
			By("Creating a StorageClass")
			class := newBetaStorageClass("kubernetes.io/gce-pd", "")
			class, err := c.StorageV1beta1().StorageClasses().Create(class)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			defer deleteStorageClass(c, class.Name)
			framework.Logf("Created StorageClass %q", class.Name)

			By(fmt.Sprintf("Creating and deleting PersistentVolumeClaims %d times", raceAttempts))
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			// To increase chance of detection, attempt multiple iterations
			for i := 0; i < raceAttempts; i++ {
				tmpClaim := framework.CreatePVC(c, ns, claim)
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, tmpClaim.Name, ns)
			}

			By(fmt.Sprintf("Checking for residual PersistentVolumes associated with StorageClass %s", class.Name))
			residualPVs, err = waitForProvisionedVolumesDeleted(c, class.Name)
			if err != nil {
				// Cleanup the test resources before breaking
				deleteProvisionedVolumesAndDisks(c, residualPVs)
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			}

			// Report indicators of regression
			if len(residualPVs) > 0 {
				framework.Logf("Remaining PersistentVolumes:")
				for i, pv := range residualPVs {
					framework.Logf("%s%d) %s", "\t", i+1, pv.Name)
				}
				framework.Failf("Expected 0 PersistentVolumes remaining. Found %d", len(residualPVs))
			}
			framework.Logf("0 PersistentVolumes remain.")
		})
	})

	framework.KubeDescribe("DynamicProvisioner Alpha", func() {
		It("should create and delete alpha persistent volumes [Slow] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("openstack", "gce", "aws", "gke", "vsphere")

			By("creating a claim with an alpha dynamic provisioning annotation")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			claim.Annotations = map[string]string{v1.AlphaStorageClassAnnotation: ""}

			defer func() {
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, claim.Name, ns)
			}()
			claim, err := c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			if framework.ProviderIs("vsphere") {
				testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, requestedSize)
			} else {
				testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, "2Gi")
			}
		})
	})

	framework.KubeDescribe("DynamicProvisioner External", func() {
		It("should let an external dynamic provisioner create and delete persistent volumes [Slow] [Volume]", func() {
			// external dynamic provisioner pods need additional permissions provided by the
			// persistent-volume-provisioner role
			framework.BindClusterRole(c.Rbac(), "system:persistent-volume-provisioner", ns,
				rbacv1beta1.Subject{Kind: rbacv1beta1.ServiceAccountKind, Namespace: ns, Name: "default"})

			err := framework.WaitForAuthorizationUpdate(c.AuthorizationV1beta1(),
				serviceaccount.MakeUsername(ns, "default"),
				"", "get", schema.GroupResource{Group: "storage.k8s.io", Resource: "storageclasses"}, true)
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to update authorization: %v", err)

			By("creating an external dynamic provisioner pod")
			pod := startExternalProvisioner(c, ns)
			defer framework.DeletePodOrFail(c, ns, pod.Name)

			By("creating a StorageClass")
			class := newStorageClass(externalPluginName, "external")
			class, err = c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Create(class)
			defer deleteStorageClass(c, class.Name)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			By("creating a claim with a dynamic provisioning annotation")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			className := class.Name
			// the external provisioner understands Beta only right now, see
			// https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage/issues/37
			// claim.Spec.StorageClassName = &className
			claim.Annotations = map[string]string{
				v1.BetaStorageClassAnnotation: className,
			}
			defer func() {
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, claim.Name, ns)
			}()
			claim, err = c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Expected size of the externally provisioned volume depends on the external
			// provisioner: for nfs-provisioner used here, it's equal to requested
			testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, requestedSize)
		})
	})

	framework.KubeDescribe("DynamicProvisioner Default", func() {
		It("should create and delete default persistent volumes [Slow] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("openstack", "gce", "aws", "gke", "vsphere", "azure")

			By("creating a claim with no annotation")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			defer func() {
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, claim.Name, ns)
			}()
			claim, err := c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			if framework.ProviderIs("vsphere") {
				testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, requestedSize)
			} else {
				testDynamicProvisioning(c, claim, "2Gi")
			}
		})

		// Modifying the default storage class can be disruptive to other tests that depend on it
		It("should be disabled by changing the default annotation[Slow] [Serial] [Disruptive] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("openstack", "gce", "aws", "gke", "vsphere")
			scName := getDefaultStorageClassName(c)

			By("setting the is-default StorageClass annotation to false")
			verifyDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, true)
			defer updateDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, "true")
			updateDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, "false")

			By("creating a claim with default storageclass and expecting it to timeout")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			defer func() {
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, claim.Name, ns)
			}()
			claim, err := c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// The claim should timeout phase:Pending
			err = framework.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(v1.ClaimBound, c, ns, claim.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionTimeout)
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
			framework.Logf(err.Error())
			claim, err = c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Get(claim.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(claim.Status.Phase).To(Equal(v1.ClaimPending))
		})

		// Modifying the default storage class can be disruptive to other tests that depend on it
		It("should be disabled by removing the default annotation[Slow] [Serial] [Disruptive] [Volume]", func() {
			framework.SkipUnlessProviderIs("openstack", "gce", "aws", "gke", "vsphere")
			scName := getDefaultStorageClassName(c)

			By("removing the is-default StorageClass annotation")
			verifyDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, true)
			defer updateDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, "true")
			updateDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, "")

			By("creating a claim with default storageclass and expecting it to timeout")
			claim := newClaim(ns)
			defer func() {
				framework.DeletePersistentVolumeClaim(c, claim.Name, ns)
			}()
			claim, err := c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Create(claim)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// The claim should timeout phase:Pending
			err = framework.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(v1.ClaimBound, c, ns, claim.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionTimeout)
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
			framework.Logf(err.Error())
			claim, err = c.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Get(claim.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(claim.Status.Phase).To(Equal(v1.ClaimPending))
		})
	})
})

func getDefaultStorageClassName(c clientset.Interface) string {
	list, err := c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().List(metav1.ListOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		framework.Failf("Error listing storage classes: %v", err)
	}
	var scName string
	for _, sc := range list.Items {
		if storageutil.IsDefaultAnnotation(sc.ObjectMeta) {
			if len(scName) != 0 {
				framework.Failf("Multiple default storage classes found: %q and %q", scName, sc.Name)
			}
			scName = sc.Name
		}
	}
	if len(scName) == 0 {
		framework.Failf("No default storage class found")
	}
	framework.Logf("Default storage class: %q", scName)
	return scName
}

func verifyDefaultStorageClass(c clientset.Interface, scName string, expectedDefault bool) {
	sc, err := c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Get(scName, metav1.GetOptions{})
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	Expect(storageutil.IsDefaultAnnotation(sc.ObjectMeta)).To(Equal(expectedDefault))
}

func updateDefaultStorageClass(c clientset.Interface, scName string, defaultStr string) {
	sc, err := c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Get(scName, metav1.GetOptions{})
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	if defaultStr == "" {
		delete(sc.Annotations, storageutil.BetaIsDefaultStorageClassAnnotation)
		delete(sc.Annotations, storageutil.IsDefaultStorageClassAnnotation)
	} else {
		if sc.Annotations == nil {
			sc.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
		}
		sc.Annotations[storageutil.BetaIsDefaultStorageClassAnnotation] = defaultStr
		sc.Annotations[storageutil.IsDefaultStorageClassAnnotation] = defaultStr
	}

	sc, err = c.StorageV1().StorageClasses().Update(sc)
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	expectedDefault := false
	if defaultStr == "true" {
		expectedDefault = true
	}
	verifyDefaultStorageClass(c, scName, expectedDefault)
}

func newClaim(ns string) *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim {
	claim := v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			GenerateName: "pvc-",
			Namespace:    ns,
		},
		Spec: v1.PersistentVolumeClaimSpec{
			AccessModes: []v1.PersistentVolumeAccessMode{
				v1.ReadWriteOnce,
			},
			Resources: v1.ResourceRequirements{
				Requests: v1.ResourceList{
					v1.ResourceName(v1.ResourceStorage): resource.MustParse(requestedSize),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	return &claim
}

// runInPodWithVolume runs a command in a pod with given claim mounted to /mnt directory.
func runInPodWithVolume(c clientset.Interface, ns, claimName, command string) {
	pod := &v1.Pod{
		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
			Kind:       "Pod",
			APIVersion: "v1",
		},
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			GenerateName: "pvc-volume-tester-",
		},
		Spec: v1.PodSpec{
			Containers: []v1.Container{
				{
					Name:    "volume-tester",
					Image:   "gcr.io/google_containers/busybox:1.24",
					Command: []string{"/bin/sh"},
					Args:    []string{"-c", command},
					VolumeMounts: []v1.VolumeMount{
						{
							Name:      "my-volume",
							MountPath: "/mnt/test",
						},
					},
				},
			},
			RestartPolicy: v1.RestartPolicyNever,
			Volumes: []v1.Volume{
				{
					Name: "my-volume",
					VolumeSource: v1.VolumeSource{
						PersistentVolumeClaim: &v1.PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource{
							ClaimName: claimName,
							ReadOnly:  false,
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	pod, err := c.Core().Pods(ns).Create(pod)
	defer func() {
		framework.DeletePodOrFail(c, ns, pod.Name)
	}()
	framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to create pod: %v", err)
	framework.ExpectNoError(framework.WaitForPodSuccessInNamespaceSlow(c, pod.Name, pod.Namespace))
}

func getDefaultPluginName() string {
	switch {
	case framework.ProviderIs("gke"), framework.ProviderIs("gce"):
		return "kubernetes.io/gce-pd"
	case framework.ProviderIs("aws"):
		return "kubernetes.io/aws-ebs"
	case framework.ProviderIs("openstack"):
		return "kubernetes.io/cinder"
	case framework.ProviderIs("vsphere"):
		return "kubernetes.io/vsphere-volume"
	}
	return ""
}

func newStorageClass(pluginName, suffix string) *storage.StorageClass {
	if pluginName == "" {
		pluginName = getDefaultPluginName()
	}
	if suffix == "" {
		suffix = "sc"
	}

	return &storage.StorageClass{
		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
			Kind: "StorageClass",
		},
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			GenerateName: suffix + "-",
		},
		Provisioner: pluginName,
	}
}

// TODO: remove when storage.k8s.io/v1beta1 and beta storage class annotations
// are removed.
func newBetaStorageClass(pluginName, suffix string) *storagebeta.StorageClass {
	if pluginName == "" {
		pluginName = getDefaultPluginName()
	}
	if suffix == "" {
		suffix = "default"
	}

	return &storagebeta.StorageClass{
		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
			Kind: "StorageClass",
		},
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			GenerateName: suffix + "-",
		},
		Provisioner: pluginName,
	}
}

func startExternalProvisioner(c clientset.Interface, ns string) *v1.Pod {
	podClient := c.Core().Pods(ns)

	provisionerPod := &v1.Pod{
		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
			Kind:       "Pod",
			APIVersion: "v1",
		},
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			GenerateName: "external-provisioner-",
		},

		Spec: v1.PodSpec{
			Containers: []v1.Container{
				{
					Name:  "nfs-provisioner",
					Image: "quay.io/kubernetes_incubator/nfs-provisioner:v1.0.3",
					SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
						Capabilities: &v1.Capabilities{
							Add: []v1.Capability{"DAC_READ_SEARCH"},
						},
					},
					Args: []string{
						"-provisioner=" + externalPluginName,
						"-grace-period=0",
					},
					Ports: []v1.ContainerPort{
						{Name: "nfs", ContainerPort: 2049},
						{Name: "mountd", ContainerPort: 20048},
						{Name: "rpcbind", ContainerPort: 111},
						{Name: "rpcbind-udp", ContainerPort: 111, Protocol: v1.ProtocolUDP},
					},
					Env: []v1.EnvVar{
						{
							Name: "POD_IP",
							ValueFrom: &v1.EnvVarSource{
								FieldRef: &v1.ObjectFieldSelector{
									FieldPath: "status.podIP",
								},
							},
						},
					},
					ImagePullPolicy: v1.PullIfNotPresent,
					VolumeMounts: []v1.VolumeMount{
						{
							Name:      "export-volume",
							MountPath: "/export",
						},
					},
				},
			},
			Volumes: []v1.Volume{
				{
					Name: "export-volume",
					VolumeSource: v1.VolumeSource{
						EmptyDir: &v1.EmptyDirVolumeSource{},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	provisionerPod, err := podClient.Create(provisionerPod)
	framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to create %s pod: %v", provisionerPod.Name, err)

	framework.ExpectNoError(framework.WaitForPodRunningInNamespace(c, provisionerPod))

	By("locating the provisioner pod")
	pod, err := podClient.Get(provisionerPod.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
	framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Cannot locate the provisioner pod %v: %v", provisionerPod.Name, err)

	return pod
}

// waitForProvisionedVolumesDelete is a polling wrapper to scan all PersistentVolumes for any associated to the test's
// StorageClass.  Returns either an error and nil values or the remaining PVs and their count.
func waitForProvisionedVolumesDeleted(c clientset.Interface, scName string) ([]*v1.PersistentVolume, error) {
	var remainingPVs []*v1.PersistentVolume

	err := wait.Poll(10*time.Second, 300*time.Second, func() (bool, error) {
		remainingPVs = []*v1.PersistentVolume{}

		allPVs, err := c.Core().PersistentVolumes().List(metav1.ListOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			return true, err
		}
		for _, pv := range allPVs.Items {
			if pv.Annotations[v1.BetaStorageClassAnnotation] == scName {
				remainingPVs = append(remainingPVs, &pv)
			}
		}
		if len(remainingPVs) > 0 {
			return false, nil // Poll until no PVs remain
		} else {
			return true, nil // No PVs remain
		}
	})
	return remainingPVs, err
}

// deleteStorageClass deletes the passed in StorageClass and catches errors other than "Not Found"
func deleteStorageClass(c clientset.Interface, className string) {
	err := c.Storage().StorageClasses().Delete(className, nil)
	if err != nil && !apierrs.IsNotFound(err) {
		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	}
}

// deleteProvisionedVolumes [gce||gke only]  iteratively deletes persistent volumes and attached GCE PDs.
func deleteProvisionedVolumesAndDisks(c clientset.Interface, pvs []*v1.PersistentVolume) {
	for _, pv := range pvs {
		framework.DeletePDWithRetry(pv.Spec.PersistentVolumeSource.GCEPersistentDisk.PDName)
		framework.DeletePersistentVolume(c, pv.Name)
	}
}