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refactor pd.go for future tests
**What this PR does / why we need it**:
Refactored _test/e2e/storage/pd.go_ so that it will be easier to add new tests, which I plan on doing to address issue 52676
1. Condenses 8 `It` blocks into 3 table driven tests.
2. Adds several `By` descriptions and `Logf` messages.
3. provides more consistent formatting and messages.
**Special notes for your reviewer**:
The diff is large but mostly I've not altered any test. The one semantic change I made was to remove the call to verify a write to a PD when, in fact, nothing had been written yet. This was essentially a no-op since the verify code returned immediately if the passed-in map was empty (which it was since nothing had been written).
```release-note
NONE
```
cc @jingxu97 @copejon
6b8e769c8d