cgroups-rs/src/memory.rs

// Copyright (c) 2018 Levente Kurusa
// Copyright (c) 2020 Ant Group
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 or MIT
//

//! This module contains the implementation of the `memory` cgroup subsystem.
//!
//! See the Kernel's documentation for more information about this subsystem, found at:
//!  [Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt)
use log::warn;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::io::Write;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::sync::mpsc::Receiver;

use crate::error::ErrorKind::*;
use crate::error::*;
use crate::events;
use crate::{read_i64_from, read_string_from, read_u64_from};

use crate::flat_keyed_to_hashmap;

use crate::{
    ControllIdentifier, ControllerInternal, Controllers, CustomizedAttribute, MaxValue,
    MemoryResources, Resources, Subsystem,
};

/// A controller that allows controlling the `memory` subsystem of a Cgroup.
///
/// In essence, using the memory controller, the user can gather statistics about the memory usage
/// of the tasks in the control group. Additonally, one can also set powerful limits on their
/// memory usage.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct MemController {
    base: PathBuf,
    path: PathBuf,
    v2: bool,
}

#[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct SetMemory {
    pub low: Option<MaxValue>,
    pub high: Option<MaxValue>,
    pub min: Option<MaxValue>,
    pub max: Option<MaxValue>,
}

/// Controls statistics and controls about the OOM killer operating in this control group.
#[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct OomControl {
    /// If true, the OOM killer has been disabled for the tasks in this control group.
    pub oom_kill_disable: bool,
    /// Is the OOM killer currently running for the tasks in the control group?
    pub under_oom: bool,
    /// How many tasks were killed by the OOM killer so far.
    pub oom_kill: u64,
}

#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_wraps)]
fn parse_oom_control(s: String) -> Result<OomControl> {
    let spl = s.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>();

    let oom_kill_disable = if spl.len() > 1 {
        spl[1].parse::<u64>().unwrap() == 1
    } else {
        false
    };

    let under_oom = if spl.len() > 3 {
        spl[3].parse::<u64>().unwrap() == 1
    } else {
        false
    };

    let oom_kill = if spl.len() > 5 {
        spl[5].parse::<u64>().unwrap()
    } else {
        0
    };

    Ok(OomControl {
        oom_kill_disable,
        under_oom,
        oom_kill,
    })
}

/// Contains statistics about the NUMA locality of the control group's tasks.
#[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct NumaStat {
    /// Total amount of pages used by the control group.
    pub total_pages: u64,
    /// Total amount of pages used by the control group, broken down by NUMA node.
    pub total_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
    /// Total amount of file pages used by the control group.
    pub file_pages: u64,
    /// Total amount of file pages used by the control group, broken down by NUMA node.
    pub file_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
    /// Total amount of anonymous pages used by the control group.
    pub anon_pages: u64,
    /// Total amount of anonymous pages used by the control group, broken down by NUMA node.
    pub anon_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
    /// Total amount of unevictable pages used by the control group.
    pub unevictable_pages: u64,
    /// Total amount of unevictable pages used by the control group, broken down by NUMA node.
    pub unevictable_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,

    /// Same as `total_pages`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_total_pages: u64,
    /// Same as `total_pages_per_node`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_total_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
    /// Same as `file_pages`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_file_pages: u64,
    /// Same as `file_pages_per_node`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_file_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
    /// Same as `anon_pages`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_anon_pages: u64,
    /// Same as `anon_pages_per_node`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_anon_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
    /// Same as `unevictable`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_unevictable_pages: u64,
    /// Same as `unevictable_per_node`, but includes the descedant control groups' number as well.
    pub hierarchical_unevictable_pages_per_node: Vec<u64>,
}

#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_wraps)]
fn parse_numa_stat(s: String) -> Result<NumaStat> {
    // Parse the number of nodes
    let _nodes = (s.split_whitespace().count() - 8) / 8;
    let mut ls = s.lines();
    let total_line = ls.next().unwrap();
    let file_line = ls.next().unwrap();
    let anon_line = ls.next().unwrap();
    let unevict_line = ls.next().unwrap();
    let hier_total_line = ls.next().unwrap_or_default();
    let hier_file_line = ls.next().unwrap_or_default();
    let hier_anon_line = ls.next().unwrap_or_default();
    let hier_unevict_line = ls.next().unwrap_or_default();

    Ok(NumaStat {
        total_pages: total_line
            .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
            .parse::<u64>()
            .unwrap_or(0),
        total_pages_per_node: {
            let spl = &total_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
            spl.iter()
                .map(|x| {
                    x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                        .parse::<u64>()
                        .unwrap_or(0)
                })
                .collect()
        },
        file_pages: file_line
            .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
            .parse::<u64>()
            .unwrap_or(0),
        file_pages_per_node: {
            let spl = &file_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
            spl.iter()
                .map(|x| {
                    x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                        .parse::<u64>()
                        .unwrap_or(0)
                })
                .collect()
        },
        anon_pages: anon_line
            .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
            .parse::<u64>()
            .unwrap_or(0),
        anon_pages_per_node: {
            let spl = &anon_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
            spl.iter()
                .map(|x| {
                    x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                        .parse::<u64>()
                        .unwrap_or(0)
                })
                .collect()
        },
        unevictable_pages: unevict_line
            .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
            .parse::<u64>()
            .unwrap_or(0),
        unevictable_pages_per_node: {
            let spl = &unevict_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
            spl.iter()
                .map(|x| {
                    x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                        .parse::<u64>()
                        .unwrap_or(0)
                })
                .collect()
        },
        hierarchical_total_pages: {
            if !hier_total_line.is_empty() {
                hier_total_line
                    .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                    .parse::<u64>()
                    .unwrap_or(0)
            } else {
                0
            }
        },
        hierarchical_total_pages_per_node: {
            if !hier_total_line.is_empty() {
                let spl = &hier_total_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
                spl.iter()
                    .map(|x| {
                        x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                            .parse::<u64>()
                            .unwrap_or(0)
                    })
                    .collect()
            } else {
                Vec::new()
            }
        },
        hierarchical_file_pages: {
            if !hier_file_line.is_empty() {
                hier_file_line
                    .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                    .parse::<u64>()
                    .unwrap_or(0)
            } else {
                0
            }
        },
        hierarchical_file_pages_per_node: {
            if !hier_file_line.is_empty() {
                let spl = &hier_file_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
                spl.iter()
                    .map(|x| {
                        x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                            .parse::<u64>()
                            .unwrap_or(0)
                    })
                    .collect()
            } else {
                Vec::new()
            }
        },
        hierarchical_anon_pages: {
            if !hier_anon_line.is_empty() {
                hier_anon_line
                    .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                    .parse::<u64>()
                    .unwrap_or(0)
            } else {
                0
            }
        },
        hierarchical_anon_pages_per_node: {
            if !hier_anon_line.is_empty() {
                let spl = &hier_anon_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
                spl.iter()
                    .map(|x| {
                        x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                            .parse::<u64>()
                            .unwrap_or(0)
                    })
                    .collect()
            } else {
                Vec::new()
            }
        },
        hierarchical_unevictable_pages: {
            if !hier_unevict_line.is_empty() {
                hier_unevict_line
                    .split(|x| x == ' ' || x == '=')
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                    .parse::<u64>()
                    .unwrap_or(0)
            } else {
                0
            }
        },
        hierarchical_unevictable_pages_per_node: {
            if !hier_unevict_line.is_empty() {
                let spl = &hier_unevict_line.split(' ').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1..];
                spl.iter()
                    .map(|x| {
                        x.split('=').collect::<Vec<_>>()[1]
                            .parse::<u64>()
                            .unwrap_or(0)
                    })
                    .collect()
            } else {
                Vec::new()
            }
        },
    })
}

#[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct MemoryStat {
    pub cache: u64,
    pub rss: u64,
    pub rss_huge: u64,
    pub shmem: u64,
    pub mapped_file: u64,
    pub dirty: u64,
    pub writeback: u64,
    pub swap: u64,
    pub pgpgin: u64,
    pub pgpgout: u64,
    pub pgfault: u64,
    pub pgmajfault: u64,
    pub inactive_anon: u64,
    pub active_anon: u64,
    pub inactive_file: u64,
    pub active_file: u64,
    pub unevictable: u64,
    pub hierarchical_memory_limit: i64,
    pub hierarchical_memsw_limit: i64,
    pub total_cache: u64,
    pub total_rss: u64,
    pub total_rss_huge: u64,
    pub total_shmem: u64,
    pub total_mapped_file: u64,
    pub total_dirty: u64,
    pub total_writeback: u64,
    pub total_swap: u64,
    pub total_pgpgin: u64,
    pub total_pgpgout: u64,
    pub total_pgfault: u64,
    pub total_pgmajfault: u64,
    pub total_inactive_anon: u64,
    pub total_active_anon: u64,
    pub total_inactive_file: u64,
    pub total_active_file: u64,
    pub total_unevictable: u64,
    pub raw: HashMap<String, u64>,
}

#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_wraps)]
fn parse_memory_stat(s: String) -> Result<MemoryStat> {
    let mut raw = HashMap::new();

    for l in s.lines() {
        let t: Vec<&str> = l.split(' ').collect();
        if t.len() != 2 {
            continue;
        }
        let n = t[1].trim().parse::<u64>();
        if n.is_err() {
            continue;
        }

        raw.insert(t[0].to_string(), n.unwrap());
    }

    Ok(MemoryStat {
        cache: *raw.get("cache").unwrap_or(&0),
        rss: *raw.get("rss").unwrap_or(&0),
        rss_huge: *raw.get("rss_huge").unwrap_or(&0),
        shmem: *raw.get("shmem").unwrap_or(&0),
        mapped_file: *raw.get("mapped_file").unwrap_or(&0),
        dirty: *raw.get("dirty").unwrap_or(&0),
        writeback: *raw.get("writeback").unwrap_or(&0),
        swap: *raw.get("swap").unwrap_or(&0),
        pgpgin: *raw.get("pgpgin").unwrap_or(&0),
        pgpgout: *raw.get("pgpgout").unwrap_or(&0),
        pgfault: *raw.get("pgfault").unwrap_or(&0),
        pgmajfault: *raw.get("pgmajfault").unwrap_or(&0),
        inactive_anon: *raw.get("inactive_anon").unwrap_or(&0),
        active_anon: *raw.get("active_anon").unwrap_or(&0),
        inactive_file: *raw.get("inactive_file").unwrap_or(&0),
        active_file: *raw.get("active_file").unwrap_or(&0),
        unevictable: *raw.get("unevictable").unwrap_or(&0),
        hierarchical_memory_limit: *raw.get("hierarchical_memory_limit").unwrap_or(&0) as i64,
        hierarchical_memsw_limit: *raw.get("hierarchical_memsw_limit").unwrap_or(&0) as i64,
        total_cache: *raw.get("total_cache").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_rss: *raw.get("total_rss").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_rss_huge: *raw.get("total_rss_huge").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_shmem: *raw.get("total_shmem").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_mapped_file: *raw.get("total_mapped_file").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_dirty: *raw.get("total_dirty").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_writeback: *raw.get("total_writeback").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_swap: *raw.get("total_swap").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_pgpgin: *raw.get("total_pgpgin").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_pgpgout: *raw.get("total_pgpgout").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_pgfault: *raw.get("total_pgfault").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_pgmajfault: *raw.get("total_pgmajfault").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_inactive_anon: *raw.get("total_inactive_anon").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_active_anon: *raw.get("total_active_anon").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_inactive_file: *raw.get("total_inactive_file").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_active_file: *raw.get("total_active_file").unwrap_or(&0),
        total_unevictable: *raw.get("total_unevictable").unwrap_or(&0),
        raw,
    })
}

/// Contains statistics about the current usage of memory and swap (together, not seperately) by
/// the control group's tasks.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct MemSwap {
    /// How many times the limit has been hit.
    pub fail_cnt: u64,
    /// Memory and swap usage limit in bytes.
    pub limit_in_bytes: i64,
    /// Current usage of memory and swap in bytes.
    pub usage_in_bytes: u64,
    /// The maximum observed usage of memory and swap in bytes.
    pub max_usage_in_bytes: u64,
}

/// State of and statistics gathered by the kernel about the memory usage of the control group's
/// tasks.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct Memory {
    /// How many times the limit has been hit.
    pub fail_cnt: u64,
    /// The limit in bytes of the memory usage of the control group's tasks.
    pub limit_in_bytes: i64,
    /// The current usage of memory by the control group's tasks.
    pub usage_in_bytes: u64,
    /// The maximum observed usage of memory by the control group's tasks.
    pub max_usage_in_bytes: u64,
    /// Whether moving charges at immigrate is allowed.
    pub move_charge_at_immigrate: u64,
    /// Contains various statistics about the NUMA locality of the control group's tasks.
    ///
    /// The format of this field (as lifted from the kernel sources):
    /// ```text
    /// total=<total pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
    /// file=<total file pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
    /// anon=<total anon pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
    /// unevictable=<total anon pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
    /// hierarchical_<counter>=<counter pages> N0=<node 0 pages> N1=<node 1 pages> ...
    /// ```
    pub numa_stat: NumaStat,
    /// Various statistics and control information about the Out Of Memory killer.
    pub oom_control: OomControl,
    /// Allows setting a limit to memory usage which is enforced when the system (note, _not_ the
    /// control group) detects memory pressure.
    pub soft_limit_in_bytes: i64,
    /// Contains a wide array of statistics about the memory usage of the tasks in the control
    /// group.
    pub stat: MemoryStat,
    /// Set the tendency of the kernel to swap out parts of the address space consumed by the
    /// control group's tasks.
    ///
    /// Note that setting this to zero does *not* prevent swapping, use `mlock(2)` for that
    /// purpose.
    pub swappiness: u64,
    /// If set, then under OOM conditions, the kernel will try to reclaim memory from the children
    /// of the offending process too. By default, this is not allowed.
    pub use_hierarchy: u64,
}

/// The current state of and gathered statistics about the kernel's memory usage for TCP-related
/// data structures.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct Tcp {
    /// How many times the limit has been hit.
    pub fail_cnt: u64,
    /// The limit in bytes of the memory usage of the kernel's TCP buffers by control group's
    /// tasks.
    pub limit_in_bytes: i64,
    /// The current memory used by the kernel's TCP buffers related to these tasks.
    pub usage_in_bytes: u64,
    /// The observed maximum usage of memory by the kernel's TCP buffers (that originated from
    /// these tasks).
    pub max_usage_in_bytes: u64,
}

/// Gathered statistics and the current state of limitation of the kernel's memory usage. Note that
/// this is per-cgroup, so the kernel can of course use more memory, but it will fail operations by
/// these tasks if it would think that the limits here would be violated. It's important to note
/// that interrupts in particular might not be able to enforce these limits.
#[derive(Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct Kmem {
    /// How many times the limit has been hit.
    pub fail_cnt: u64,
    /// The limit in bytes of the kernel memory used by the control group's tasks.
    pub limit_in_bytes: i64,
    /// The current usage of kernel memory used by the control group's tasks, in bytes.
    pub usage_in_bytes: u64,
    /// The maximum observed usage of kernel memory used by the control group's tasks, in bytes.
    pub max_usage_in_bytes: u64,
    /// Contains information about the memory usage of the kernel's caches, per control group.
    pub slabinfo: String,
}

impl ControllerInternal for MemController {
    fn control_type(&self) -> Controllers {
        Controllers::Mem
    }
    fn get_path(&self) -> &PathBuf {
        &self.path
    }
    fn get_path_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PathBuf {
        &mut self.path
    }
    fn get_base(&self) -> &PathBuf {
        &self.base
    }

    fn is_v2(&self) -> bool {
        self.v2
    }

    fn apply(&self, res: &Resources) -> Result<()> {
        // get the resources that apply to this controller
        let memres: &MemoryResources = &res.memory;

        update!(self, set_limit, memres.memory_hard_limit);
        update!(self, set_soft_limit, memres.memory_soft_limit);
        update!(self, set_kmem_limit, memres.kernel_memory_limit);
        update!(self, set_memswap_limit, memres.memory_swap_limit);
        update!(self, set_tcp_limit, memres.kernel_tcp_memory_limit);
        update!(self, set_swappiness, memres.swappiness);

        memres.attrs.iter().for_each(|(k, v)| {
            let _ = self.set(k, v);
        });

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl MemController {
    /// Contructs a new `MemController` with `root` serving as the root of the control group.
    pub fn new(point: PathBuf, root: PathBuf, v2: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            base: root,
            path: point,
            v2,
        }
    }

    // for v2
    pub fn set_mem(&self, m: SetMemory) -> Result<()> {
        let values = vec![
            (m.high, "memory.high"),
            (m.low, "memory.low"),
            (m.max, "memory.max"),
            (m.min, "memory.min"),
        ];
        for value in values {
            let v = value.0;
            let f = value.1;
            if let Some(v) = v {
                let v = v.to_string();
                self.open_path(f, true).and_then(|mut file| {
                    file.write_all(v.as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                        Error::with_cause(WriteFailed(f.to_string(), format!("{:?}", v)), e)
                    })
                })?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    // for v2
    pub fn get_mem(&self) -> Result<SetMemory> {
        let m = SetMemory {
            high: self
                .get_max_value("memory.high")
                .map_or(Some(MaxValue::default()), Some),
            low: self
                .get_max_value("memory.low")
                .map_or(Some(MaxValue::Value(0)), Some),
            max: self
                .get_max_value("memory.max")
                .map_or(Some(MaxValue::default()), Some),
            min: self
                .get_max_value("memory.min")
                .map_or(Some(MaxValue::Value(0)), Some),
        };

        Ok(m)
    }

    fn memory_stat_v2(&self) -> Memory {
        // NOTE: get_mem() always returns T, but let's
        // still do `unwrap_or` for safety.
        let set = self.get_mem().unwrap_or(SetMemory {
            low: Some(MaxValue::Value(0)),
            high: Some(MaxValue::default()),
            max: Some(MaxValue::default()),
            min: Some(MaxValue::Value(0)),
        });

        Memory {
            fail_cnt: 0,
            limit_in_bytes: set.max.unwrap().to_i64(),
            usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.current", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            max_usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.peak", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            move_charge_at_immigrate: 0,
            numa_stat: NumaStat::default(),
            oom_control: OomControl::default(),
            soft_limit_in_bytes: set.low.unwrap().to_i64(),
            stat: self
                .open_path("memory.stat", false)
                .and_then(read_string_from)
                .and_then(parse_memory_stat)
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            swappiness: self
                .open_path("memory.swap.current", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            use_hierarchy: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Gathers overall statistics (and the current state of) about the memory usage of the control
    /// group's tasks.
    ///
    /// See the individual fields for more explanation, and as always, remember to consult the
    /// kernel Documentation and/or sources.
    pub fn memory_stat(&self) -> Memory {
        if self.v2 {
            return self.memory_stat_v2();
        }

        Memory {
            fail_cnt: self
                .open_path("memory.failcnt", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            limit_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.limit_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_i64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            max_usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.max_usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            move_charge_at_immigrate: self
                .open_path("memory.move_charge_at_immigrate", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            numa_stat: self
                .open_path("memory.numa_stat", false)
                .and_then(read_string_from)
                .and_then(parse_numa_stat)
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            oom_control: self
                .open_path("memory.oom_control", false)
                .and_then(read_string_from)
                .and_then(parse_oom_control)
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            soft_limit_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.soft_limit_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_i64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            stat: self
                .open_path("memory.stat", false)
                .and_then(read_string_from)
                .and_then(parse_memory_stat)
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            swappiness: self
                .open_path("memory.swappiness", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            use_hierarchy: self
                .open_path("memory.use_hierarchy", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
        }
    }

    /// Gathers information about the kernel memory usage of the control group's tasks.
    pub fn kmem_stat(&self) -> Kmem {
        Kmem {
            fail_cnt: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.failcnt", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            limit_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_i64_from)
                .unwrap_or(-1),
            usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            max_usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.max_usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            slabinfo: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.slabinfo", false)
                .and_then(read_string_from)
                .unwrap_or_default(),
        }
    }

    /// Gathers information about the control group's kernel memory usage where said memory is
    /// TCP-related.
    pub fn kmem_tcp_stat(&self) -> Tcp {
        Tcp {
            fail_cnt: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.tcp.failcnt", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            limit_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_i64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.tcp.usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            max_usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.kmem.tcp.max_usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
        }
    }

    pub fn memswap_v2(&self) -> MemSwap {
        MemSwap {
            fail_cnt: self
                .open_path("memory.swap.events", false)
                .and_then(flat_keyed_to_hashmap)
                .map(|x| *x.get("fail").unwrap_or(&0) as u64)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            limit_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.swap.max", false)
                .and_then(read_i64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.swap.current", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            max_usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.swap.peak", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
        }
    }

    /// Gathers information about the memory usage of the control group including the swap usage
    /// (if any).
    pub fn memswap(&self) -> MemSwap {
        if self.v2 {
            return self.memswap_v2();
        }

        MemSwap {
            fail_cnt: self
                .open_path("memory.memsw.failcnt", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            limit_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_i64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
            max_usage_in_bytes: self
                .open_path("memory.memsw.max_usage_in_bytes", false)
                .and_then(read_u64_from)
                .unwrap_or(0),
        }
    }

    /// Reset the fail counter
    pub fn reset_fail_count(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.open_path("memory.failcnt", true).and_then(|mut file| {
            file.write_all("0".to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                Error::with_cause(
                    WriteFailed("memory.failcnt".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
                    e,
                )
            })
        })
    }

    /// Reset the kernel memory fail counter
    pub fn reset_kmem_fail_count(&self) -> Result<()> {
        // Ignore kmem because there is no kmem in cgroup v2
        if self.v2 {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.open_path("memory.kmem.failcnt", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                file.write_all("0".to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                    Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed("memory.kmem.failcnt".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
                        e,
                    )
                })
            })
    }

    /// Reset the TCP related fail counter
    pub fn reset_tcp_fail_count(&self) -> Result<()> {
        // Ignore kmem because there is no kmem in cgroup v2
        if self.v2 {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.open_path("memory.kmem.tcp.failcnt", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                file.write_all("0".to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                    Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed("memory.kmem.tcp.failcnt".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
                        e,
                    )
                })
            })
    }

    /// Reset the memory+swap fail counter
    pub fn reset_memswap_fail_count(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.open_path("memory.memsw.failcnt", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                file.write_all("0".to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                    Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed("memory.memsw.failcnt".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
                        e,
                    )
                })
            })
    }

    /// Reset the max memory usage recorded
    pub fn reset_max_usage(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.open_path("memory.max_usage_in_bytes", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                file.write_all("0".to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                    Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed("memory.max_usage_in_bytes".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
                        e,
                    )
                })
            })
    }

    /// Set the memory usage limit of the control group, in bytes.
    pub fn set_limit(&self, limit: i64) -> Result<()> {
        let mut file_name = "memory.limit_in_bytes";
        let mut limit_str = limit.to_string();
        if self.v2 {
            file_name = "memory.max";
            if limit == -1 {
                limit_str = "max".to_string();
            }
        }
        self.open_path(file_name, true).and_then(|mut file| {
            file.write_all(limit_str.as_ref())
                .map_err(|e| Error::with_cause(WriteFailed(file_name.to_string(), limit_str), e))
        })
    }

    /// Set the kernel memory limit of the control group, in bytes.
    pub fn set_kmem_limit(&self, limit: i64) -> Result<()> {
        // Ignore kmem because there is no kmem in cgroup v2
        if self.v2 {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.open_path("memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                let r = file.write_all(limit.to_string().as_ref());
                match r {
                    Ok(()) => Ok(()),
                    Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::EOPNOTSUPP) => {
                        warn!("memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes is unsupported by the kernel");
                        Ok(())
                    }
                    Err(e) => Err(Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed("memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes".to_string(), limit.to_string()),
                        e,
                    )),
                }
            })
    }

    /// Set the memory+swap limit of the control group, in bytes.
    pub fn set_memswap_limit(&self, limit: i64) -> Result<()> {
        let mut file_name = "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes";
        let mut limit_str = limit.to_string();
        if self.v2 {
            file_name = "memory.swap.max";
            if limit == -1 {
                limit_str = "max".to_string();
            }
        }
        self.open_path(file_name, true).and_then(|mut file| {
            file.write_all(limit_str.as_ref())
                .map_err(|e| Error::with_cause(WriteFailed(file_name.to_string(), limit_str), e))
        })
    }

    /// Set how much kernel memory can be used for TCP-related buffers by the control group.
    pub fn set_tcp_limit(&self, limit: i64) -> Result<()> {
        // Ignore kmem because there is no kmem in cgroup v2
        if self.v2 {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.open_path("memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                file.write_all(limit.to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                    Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed(
                            "memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes".to_string(),
                            limit.to_string(),
                        ),
                        e,
                    )
                })
            })
    }

    /// Set the soft limit of the control group, in bytes.
    ///
    /// This limit is enforced when the system is nearing OOM conditions. Contrast this with the
    /// hard limit, which is _always_ enforced.
    pub fn set_soft_limit(&self, limit: i64) -> Result<()> {
        let mut file_name = "memory.soft_limit_in_bytes";
        if self.v2 {
            file_name = "memory.low"
        }
        self.open_path(file_name, true).and_then(|mut file| {
            file.write_all(limit.to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                Error::with_cause(WriteFailed(file_name.to_string(), limit.to_string()), e)
            })
        })
    }

    /// Set how likely the kernel is to swap out parts of the address space used by the control
    /// group.
    ///
    /// Note that a value of zero does not imply that the process will not be swapped out.
    pub fn set_swappiness(&self, swp: u64) -> Result<()> {
        let mut file_name = "memory.swappiness";
        if self.v2 {
            file_name = "memory.swap.max"
        }

        self.open_path(file_name, true).and_then(|mut file| {
            file.write_all(swp.to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                Error::with_cause(WriteFailed(file_name.to_string(), swp.to_string()), e)
            })
        })
    }

    pub fn disable_oom_killer(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.open_path("memory.oom_control", true)
            .and_then(|mut file| {
                file.write_all("1".to_string().as_ref()).map_err(|e| {
                    Error::with_cause(
                        WriteFailed("memory.oom_control".to_string(), "1".to_string()),
                        e,
                    )
                })
            })
    }

    pub fn register_oom_event(&self, key: &str) -> Result<Receiver<String>> {
        if self.v2 {
            events::notify_on_oom_v2(key, self.get_path())
        } else {
            events::notify_on_oom_v1(key, self.get_path())
        }
    }
}

impl ControllIdentifier for MemController {
    fn controller_type() -> Controllers {
        Controllers::Mem
    }
}

impl CustomizedAttribute for MemController {}

impl<'a> From<&'a Subsystem> for &'a MemController {
    fn from(sub: &'a Subsystem) -> &'a MemController {
        unsafe {
            match sub {
                Subsystem::Mem(c) => c,
                _ => {
                    assert_eq!(1, 0);
                    let v = std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit();
                    v.assume_init()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::memory::{
        parse_memory_stat, parse_numa_stat, parse_oom_control, MemoryStat, NumaStat, OomControl,
    };

    static GOOD_VALUE: &str = "\
total=51189 N0=51189 N1=123
file=50175 N0=50175 N1=123
anon=1014 N0=1014 N1=123
unevictable=0 N0=0 N1=123
hierarchical_total=1628573 N0=1628573 N1=123
hierarchical_file=858151 N0=858151 N1=123
hierarchical_anon=770402 N0=770402 N1=123
hierarchical_unevictable=20 N0=20 N1=123
";

    static GOOD_VALUE_NON_HIERARCHICAL: &str = "\
total=51189 N0=51189 N1=123
file=50175 N0=50175 N1=123
anon=1014 N0=1014 N1=123
unevictable=0 N0=0 N1=123
";

    static GOOD_OOMCONTROL_VAL_1: &str = "\
oom_kill_disable 0
oom_kill 1337
";

    static GOOD_OOMCONTROL_VAL_2: &str = "\
oom_kill_disable 0
under_oom 1
";

    static GOOD_OOMCONTROL_VAL_3: &str = "\
oom_kill_disable 0
under_oom 1
oom_kill 1337
";

    static GOOD_MEMORYSTAT_VAL: &str = "\
cache 178880512
rss 4206592
rss_huge 0
shmem 106496
mapped_file 7491584
dirty 114688
writeback 49152
swap 0
pgpgin 213928
pgpgout 169220
pgfault 87064
pgmajfault 202
inactive_anon 0
active_anon 4153344
inactive_file 84779008
active_file 94273536
unevictable 0
hierarchical_memory_limit 9223372036854771712
hierarchical_memsw_limit 9223372036854771712
total_cache 4200333312
total_rss 2927677440
total_rss_huge 0
total_shmem 590061568
total_mapped_file 1086164992
total_dirty 1769472
total_writeback 602112
total_swap 0
total_pgpgin 5267326291
total_pgpgout 5265586647
total_pgfault 9947902469
total_pgmajfault 25132
total_inactive_anon 585981952
total_active_anon 2928996352
total_inactive_file 1272135680
total_active_file 2338816000
total_unevictable 81920
";

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_numa_stat() {
        let ok = parse_numa_stat(GOOD_VALUE.to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            NumaStat {
                total_pages: 51189,
                total_pages_per_node: vec![51189, 123],
                file_pages: 50175,
                file_pages_per_node: vec![50175, 123],
                anon_pages: 1014,
                anon_pages_per_node: vec![1014, 123],
                unevictable_pages: 0,
                unevictable_pages_per_node: vec![0, 123],

                hierarchical_total_pages: 1628573,
                hierarchical_total_pages_per_node: vec![1628573, 123],
                hierarchical_file_pages: 858151,
                hierarchical_file_pages_per_node: vec![858151, 123],
                hierarchical_anon_pages: 770402,
                hierarchical_anon_pages_per_node: vec![770402, 123],
                hierarchical_unevictable_pages: 20,
                hierarchical_unevictable_pages_per_node: vec![20, 123],
            }
        );
        let ok = parse_numa_stat(GOOD_VALUE_NON_HIERARCHICAL.to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            NumaStat {
                total_pages: 51189,
                total_pages_per_node: vec![51189, 123],
                file_pages: 50175,
                file_pages_per_node: vec![50175, 123],
                anon_pages: 1014,
                anon_pages_per_node: vec![1014, 123],
                unevictable_pages: 0,
                unevictable_pages_per_node: vec![0, 123],

                hierarchical_total_pages: 0,
                hierarchical_total_pages_per_node: vec![],
                hierarchical_file_pages: 0,
                hierarchical_file_pages_per_node: vec![],
                hierarchical_anon_pages: 0,
                hierarchical_anon_pages_per_node: vec![],
                hierarchical_unevictable_pages: 0,
                hierarchical_unevictable_pages_per_node: vec![],
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_oom_control() {
        let ok = parse_oom_control("".to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            OomControl {
                oom_kill_disable: false,
                under_oom: false,
                oom_kill: 0,
            }
        );
        let ok = parse_oom_control(GOOD_OOMCONTROL_VAL_1.to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            OomControl {
                oom_kill_disable: false,
                under_oom: false,
                oom_kill: 0,
            }
        );
        let ok = parse_oom_control(GOOD_OOMCONTROL_VAL_2.to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            OomControl {
                oom_kill_disable: false,
                under_oom: true,
                oom_kill: 0,
            }
        );
        let ok = parse_oom_control(GOOD_OOMCONTROL_VAL_3.to_string()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            OomControl {
                oom_kill_disable: false,
                under_oom: true,
                oom_kill: 1337,
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_memory_stat() {
        let ok = parse_memory_stat(GOOD_MEMORYSTAT_VAL.to_string()).unwrap();
        let raw = ok.raw.clone();
        assert_eq!(
            ok,
            MemoryStat {
                cache: 178880512,
                rss: 4206592,
                rss_huge: 0,
                shmem: 106496,
                mapped_file: 7491584,
                dirty: 114688,
                writeback: 49152,
                swap: 0,
                pgpgin: 213928,
                pgpgout: 169220,
                pgfault: 87064,
                pgmajfault: 202,
                inactive_anon: 0,
                active_anon: 4153344,
                inactive_file: 84779008,
                active_file: 94273536,
                unevictable: 0,
                hierarchical_memory_limit: 9223372036854771712,
                hierarchical_memsw_limit: 9223372036854771712,
                total_cache: 4200333312,
                total_rss: 2927677440,
                total_rss_huge: 0,
                total_shmem: 590061568,
                total_mapped_file: 1086164992,
                total_dirty: 1769472,
                total_writeback: 602112,
                total_swap: 0,
                total_pgpgin: 5267326291,
                total_pgpgout: 5265586647,
                total_pgfault: 9947902469,
                total_pgmajfault: 25132,
                total_inactive_anon: 585981952,
                total_active_anon: 2928996352,
                total_inactive_file: 1272135680,
                total_active_file: 2338816000,
                total_unevictable: 81920,
                raw,
            }
        );
    }
}