build: Upgrade to 24.04 in Dockerfile

`arm64` build in ubuntu:22.04 errors out with `error processing package
libc-bin`. This issue is a known issue between the binfmt (running
different architectures via QEMU) and the libc ldconfig binary running
in container. We're "suddenly" having issues as ubuntu-latest (which is
the OS version we run the GH action container with) was recently changed
from 22.04 to 24.04 and hence why upgrading the container userspace from
22.04 to 24.04 solves the problem.

Removed deprecated package `python3-distutils`.

Update image name from `20250111-0` to `20250222-0`.

Signed-off-by: Ruoqing He <heruoqing@iscas.ac.cn>

.github/workflows/docker-image.yaml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
           # generate Docker tags based on the following events/attributes
           tags: |
-            type=raw,value=20250111-0
+            type=raw,value=20250222-0
             type=sha
 
       - name: Build and push