perf(normalizer): use Rc<str> interning to reduce alias resolution allocations (#726)

Replace per-alias heap allocations with reference-counted string interning
throughout the normalizer's alias resolution pipeline:

- Store alias ARM path segments as Vec<Rc<str>> instead of Vec<String>,
  enabling zero-alloc BTreeMap lookups via Rc::clone (refcount bump)
  rather than Value::from() (heap allocation per lookup)

- Pre-compute lowercased short name (short_name_lc: Rc<str>) at
  registry-load time, enabling allocation-free insertion for the
  common case of non-dotted, non-collision alias short names

- Add rc_lowercase() fast-path that skips allocation when the input
  string is already lowercase ASCII (common for ARM property names)

- Update set_nested_lowercased/set_nested_inner/set_nested_in_btree to
  thread Rc<str> through intermediate object construction, avoiding
  String temporaries at every nesting level

- Replace to_ascii_lowercase().starts_with() in is_root_field_collision
  with a zero-alloc byte-level comparison

Measured 27-49% improvement in normalization time across a range of
Azure Policy alias-heavy resource types (293-608 aliases per type).

Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com>

src/languages/azure_policy/aliases/normalizer/alias_resolution.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@
 //! Per-alias path resolution: reads values from versioned ARM paths and places
 //! them at alias short name paths in the normalized output.
 
-use alloc::string::String;
-
+use crate::Rc;
 use crate::Value;
 
 use super::super::obj_map::remove_element_field;
 use super::super::obj_map::{
-    collision_safe_key, is_root_field_collision, obj_contains, obj_insert, obj_remove,
-    set_nested_lowercased, ObjMap,
+    collision_safe_key, is_root_field_collision, obj_contains, obj_insert, obj_insert_rc,
+    obj_remove, set_nested_lowercased, ObjMap,
 };
 use super::super::types::ResolvedAliases;
 use super::element_remap::apply_element_remap_precomputed;
@@ -48,12 +47,14 @@ pub fn apply_alias_entries(
         if let Some(value) = value {
             let value = normalize_value(&value, &entry.short_name, None);
 
-            let target = if is_root_field_collision(&entry.short_name, &entry.default_path) {
-                collision_safe_key(&entry.short_name)
-            } else {
-                entry.short_name.clone()
-            };
+            if is_root_field_collision(&entry.short_name, &entry.default_path) {
+                let target = collision_safe_key(&entry.short_name);
                 set_nested_lowercased(result, &target, value);
+            } else if entry.short_name.contains('.') {
+                set_nested_lowercased(result, &entry.short_name, value);
+            } else {
+                obj_insert_rc(result, Rc::clone(&entry.short_name_lc), value);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -84,13 +85,13 @@ pub fn apply_alias_entries(
 }
 
 /// Navigate an ARM path using precomputed segments (avoids per-call split).
-fn navigate_arm_path_segments(value: &Value, segments: &[String]) -> Option<Value> {
+fn navigate_arm_path_segments(value: &Value, segments: &[Rc<str>]) -> Option<Value> {
     let mut current = value;
     for segment in segments {
         current = current
             .as_object()
             .ok()?
-            .get(&Value::from(segment.as_str()))?;
+            .get(&Value::String(Rc::clone(segment)))?;
     }
     Some(current.clone())
 }

src/languages/azure_policy/aliases/obj_map.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //! then converts to `Value::Object` (a `BTreeMap<Value, Value>`) only at
 //! the output boundary via [`make_value`].
 
-use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::string::String;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
@@ -41,6 +41,33 @@ pub fn obj_insert(map: &mut ObjMap, key: &str, val: Value) {
     map.insert(Rc::from(key), val);
 }
 
+/// Insert a key-value pair using a pre-allocated `Rc<str>` key.
+///
+/// Avoids the `Rc::from(key)` heap allocation that [`obj_insert`] performs.
+pub fn obj_insert_rc(map: &mut ObjMap, key: Rc<str>, val: Value) {
+    map.insert(key, val);
+}
+
+/// Lowercase a string, returning an `Rc<str>`.
+///
+/// Both paths allocate an `Rc<str>` (header + string bytes).  The fast-path
+/// avoids creating an intermediate lowercased `String` when the input is
+/// already all-lowercase ASCII.
+pub fn rc_lowercase(s: &str) -> Rc<str> {
+    if s.bytes().all(|b| !b.is_ascii_uppercase()) {
+        Rc::from(s)
+    } else {
+        Rc::from(s.to_ascii_lowercase())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Insert a key-value pair with the key lowercased, using [`rc_lowercase`]
+/// for the allocation fast-path.
+pub fn obj_insert_lc(map: &mut ObjMap, key: &str, val: Value) {
+    let lc = rc_lowercase(key);
+    map.insert(lc, val);
+}
+
 /// Check whether a key exists.
 pub fn obj_contains(map: &ObjMap, key: &str) -> bool {
     map.contains_key(key)
@@ -112,7 +139,7 @@ pub fn set_nested_lowercased(result: &mut ObjMap, path: &str, value: Value) {
     }
     if segments.len() == 1 {
         if let Some(&seg) = segments.first() {
-            obj_insert(result, &seg.to_ascii_lowercase(), value);
+            obj_insert_lc(result, seg, value);
         }
         return;
     }
@@ -144,28 +171,28 @@ fn set_nested_inner(obj: &mut ObjMap, segments: &[&str], value: Value, lowercase
     };
 
     if segments.len() == 1 {
-        let key = if lowercase {
-            first.to_ascii_lowercase()
+        let key: Rc<str> = if lowercase {
+            rc_lowercase(first)
         } else {
-            first.to_string()
+            Rc::from(first)
         };
-        obj_insert(obj, &key, value);
+        obj_insert_rc(obj, key, value);
         return;
     }
 
-    let seg = if lowercase {
-        first.to_ascii_lowercase()
+    let seg: Rc<str> = if lowercase {
+        rc_lowercase(first)
     } else {
-        first.to_string()
+        Rc::from(first)
     };
 
     // Ensure an intermediate object exists at `seg`.
-    if !obj_contains(obj, &seg) {
-        obj_insert(obj, &seg, make_value(new_map()));
+    if !obj.contains_key(&*seg) {
+        obj_insert_rc(obj, Rc::clone(&seg), make_value(new_map()));
     }
 
     // Descend directly into the BTreeMap, avoiding ObjMap round-trip.
-    if let Some(Value::Object(inner_rc)) = obj_get_mut(obj, &seg) {
+    if let Some(Value::Object(inner_rc)) = obj.get_mut(&*seg) {
         let inner_btree = Rc::make_mut(inner_rc);
         set_nested_in_btree(
             inner_btree,
@@ -191,12 +218,12 @@ pub fn set_nested_in_btree(
         return;
     };
 
-    let key_str: String = if lowercase {
-        first.to_ascii_lowercase()
+    let key_rc: Rc<str> = if lowercase {
+        rc_lowercase(first)
     } else {
-        first.to_string()
+        Rc::from(first)
     };
-    let key_val = Value::String(Rc::from(key_str.as_str()));
+    let key_val = Value::String(Rc::clone(&key_rc));
 
     if segments.len() == 1 {
         btree.insert(key_val, value);
@@ -243,13 +270,24 @@ pub const ROOT_FIELDS: &[&str] = &[
     "extendedLocation",
 ];
 
+const PROPERTIES_DOT: &[u8] = b"properties.";
+
 /// Check whether an alias short name collides with a reserved ARM root field
 /// and needs a collision-safe key.
 pub fn is_root_field_collision(short_name: &str, default_path: &str) -> bool {
     ROOT_FIELDS
         .iter()
         .any(|f| f.eq_ignore_ascii_case(short_name))
-        && default_path.to_ascii_lowercase().starts_with("properties.")
+        && default_path.len() > PROPERTIES_DOT.len()
+        && default_path
+            .as_bytes()
+            .get(..PROPERTIES_DOT.len())
+            .is_some_and(|prefix| {
+                prefix
+                    .iter()
+                    .zip(PROPERTIES_DOT)
+                    .all(|(a, b)| a.to_ascii_lowercase() == *b)
+            })
 }
 
 /// Return a collision-safe key for an alias whose short name collides with a

src/languages/azure_policy/aliases/types.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
 
+use crate::Rc;
+
 // ─── Top-level response wrappers ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 /// ARM API response envelope: `{ "value": [...] }`
@@ -404,11 +406,13 @@ pub struct ResolvedEntry {
     // ── Precomputed fields (derived at registry-load time) ──────────────
     /// Whether `short_name` contains `[*]` (i.e., this is a wildcard/array alias).
     pub is_wildcard: bool,
+    /// Pre-lowercased short name as `Rc<str>` for allocation-free common-case inserts.
+    pub(crate) short_name_lc: Rc<str>,
     /// Precomputed `default_path.split('.').collect()` for fast ARM path navigation.
-    pub default_path_segments: Vec<String>,
+    pub(crate) default_path_segments: Vec<Rc<str>>,
     /// Precomputed path segments for each versioned path, in the same order
     /// as `versioned_paths`.
-    pub versioned_path_segments: Vec<Vec<String>>,
+    pub(crate) versioned_path_segments: Vec<Vec<Rc<str>>>,
 }
 
 impl ResolvedEntry {
@@ -420,10 +424,15 @@ impl ResolvedEntry {
         metadata: Option<AliasPathMetadata>,
     ) -> Self {
         let is_wildcard = short_name.contains("[*]");
-        let default_path_segments = default_path.split('.').map(String::from).collect();
+        let short_name_lc = if short_name.bytes().all(|b| !b.is_ascii_uppercase()) {
+            Rc::from(short_name.as_str())
+        } else {
+            Rc::from(short_name.to_ascii_lowercase())
+        };
+        let default_path_segments = default_path.split('.').map(Rc::from).collect();
         let versioned_path_segments = versioned_paths
             .iter()
-            .map(|(_, p)| p.split('.').map(String::from).collect())
+            .map(|(_, p)| p.split('.').map(Rc::from).collect())
             .collect();
         Self {
             short_name,
@@ -431,6 +440,7 @@ impl ResolvedEntry {
             versioned_paths,
             metadata,
             is_wildcard,
+            short_name_lc,
             default_path_segments,
             versioned_path_segments,
         }
@@ -456,7 +466,7 @@ impl ResolvedEntry {
     /// Returns the versioned segments if `api_version` matches, otherwise
     /// the default segments.  This avoids per-call `split('.')` for both
     /// default and versioned scalar alias navigation.
-    pub fn select_path_segments(&self, api_version: Option<&str>) -> &[String] {
+    pub(crate) fn select_path_segments(&self, api_version: Option<&str>) -> &[Rc<str>] {
         if let Some(ver) = api_version {
             for (i, (v, _)) in self.versioned_paths.iter().enumerate() {
                 if v.eq_ignore_ascii_case(ver) {