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feat!: add Rego Virtual Machine (RVM) implementation (#495)
* feat!: add Rego Virtual Machine (RVM) implementation This commit introduces a register-based virtual machine for executing Rego policies with bytecode-style instructions. Unlike the existing tree-walking interpreter, the RVM compiles policies into instruction sequences that operate on virtual registers, offering better performance and optimization potential. Core Components: Instruction Set Architecture: - Define instruction types for data operations, control flow, and builtins - Implement instruction parameter encoding and display formatting - Add instruction parser with comprehensive test coverage Virtual Machine Engine: - Register-based execution model with program counter management - Loop execution supporting iterators, comprehensions, and quantifiers - Function call handling with argument evaluation and context management - Rule evaluation with default value resolution and virtual data support - Arithmetic and comparison operation implementations Program Representation: - Program listing builder with instruction sequencing - Rule tree construction for organizing policy rules - Binary and JSON serialization for compiled programs - Recompilation support for program modification Testing Infrastructure: - Extensive YAML test suites covering all VM features - Rust unit tests for VM execution and instruction parsing - Test suites for loops, comprehensions, builtins, and control flow BREAKING CHANGE: Introduces new VM execution path alongside interpreter Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com> * docs: add detailed RVM architecture references Introduce architecture.md explaining program artifacts, serialization, and runtime subsystems. Document the full opcode catalog in instruction-set.md, including operands, parameter tables, and outcomes. Walk through execution flow, stacks, and operational guidance in vm-runtime.md, tying the runtime to the new architecture docs. Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com> --------- Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com>
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# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
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# Licensed under the MIT License.
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# Existential Loops Test Suite (some)
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# Tests existential quantification loops - succeed if ANY element satisfies the condition
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# Corresponds to Rego's "some x in collection; condition" patterns
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cases:
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- note: existential_basic_some
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description: Basic existential quantification - some element satisfies condition
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example_rego: |
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# Check if any element in array is greater than 2
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some x in [1, 2, 3]
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x > 2 # true (3 > 2)
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literals:
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- 1
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- 2
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- 3
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- 2 # comparison value
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instruction_params:
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loop_params:
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- mode: "Existential"
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collection: 0
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key_reg: 4
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value_reg: 5
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result_reg: 6
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body_start: 8
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loop_end: 12
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instructions:
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- "ArrayNew { dest: 0 }" # Create input array [1, 2, 3] in register 0
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- "Load { dest: 1, literal_idx: 0 }" # Load 1 into register 1
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 1 }" # Push 1 to array
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- "Load { dest: 2, literal_idx: 1 }" # Load 2 into register 2
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 2 }" # Push 2 to array
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- "Load { dest: 3, literal_idx: 2 }" # Load 3 into register 3
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 3 }" # Push 3 to array
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- "LoopStart { params_index: 0 }" # Start existential loop using parameter table index 0
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- "Load { dest: 7, literal_idx: 3 }" # Load comparison value 2 into register 7
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- "Gt { dest: 8, left: 5, right: 7 }" # Check if current value > 2
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- "AssertCondition { condition: 8 }" # Assert the condition result for existential logic
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- "LoopNext { body_start: 8, loop_end: 12 }" # Continue to next iteration or exit early if condition met
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- "Return { value: 6 }" # Return result (true if any element satisfied condition)
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want_result: true
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- note: existential_none_satisfy
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description: Existential quantification where no element satisfies condition
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example_rego: |
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# Check if any element in array is greater than 5
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some x in [1, 2]
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x > 5 # false (no element > 5)
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literals:
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- 1
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- 2
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- 5 # comparison value
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instruction_params:
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loop_params:
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- mode: "Existential"
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collection: 0
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key_reg: 4
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value_reg: 5
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result_reg: 6
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body_start: 6
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loop_end: 10
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instructions:
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- "ArrayNew { dest: 0 }" # Create input array [1, 2] in register 0
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- "Load { dest: 1, literal_idx: 0 }" # Load 1 into register 1
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 1 }" # Push 1 to array
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- "Load { dest: 2, literal_idx: 1 }" # Load 2 into register 2
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 2 }" # Push 2 to array
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- "LoopStart { params_index: 0 }" # Start existential loop using parameter table index 0
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- "Load { dest: 7, literal_idx: 2 }" # Load comparison value 5 into register 7
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- "Gt { dest: 8, left: 5, right: 7 }" # Check if current value > 5
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- "AssertCondition { condition: 8 }" # Assert the condition result for existential logic
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- "LoopNext { body_start: 6, loop_end: 10 }" # Continue to next iteration
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- "Return { value: 6 }" # Return result (false since no element satisfied condition)
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want_result: false
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- note: existential_empty_collection
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description: Existential quantification on empty collection
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example_rego: |
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# Check if any element in empty array satisfies condition
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some x in []
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x > 0 # false (no elements to check)
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literals:
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- 0 # comparison value
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instruction_params:
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loop_params:
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- mode: "Existential"
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collection: 0
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key_reg: 4
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value_reg: 5
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result_reg: 6
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body_start: 2
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loop_end: 6
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instructions:
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- "ArrayNew { dest: 0 }" # Create empty input array in register 0
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- "LoopStart { params_index: 0 }" # Start existential loop using parameter table index 0
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- "Load { dest: 7, literal_idx: 0 }" # Load comparison value 0 into register 7
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- "Gt { dest: 8, left: 5, right: 7 }" # Check if current value > 0
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- "AssertCondition { condition: 8 }" # Assert the condition result for existential logic
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- "LoopNext { body_start: 2, loop_end: 6 }" # Continue to next iteration
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- "Return { value: 6 }" # Return result (false for empty collection)
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want_result: false
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- note: existential_simplified_arrays
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description: Existential quantification with simple array test
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example_rego: |
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# Check if any element in array is greater than 5
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# Simplified version: check if [3, 7, 4] contains element > 5
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some x in [3, 7, 4]
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x > 5 # true (7 > 5)
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literals:
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- 3
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- 7
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- 4
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- 5 # comparison value
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instruction_params:
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loop_params:
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- mode: "Existential"
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collection: 0
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key_reg: 4
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value_reg: 5
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result_reg: 6
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body_start: 8
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loop_end: 12
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instructions:
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- "ArrayNew { dest: 0 }" # Create array [3, 7, 4] in register 0
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- "Load { dest: 1, literal_idx: 0 }" # Load 3
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 1 }" # Push 3 to array
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- "Load { dest: 2, literal_idx: 1 }" # Load 7
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 2 }" # Push 7 to array
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- "Load { dest: 3, literal_idx: 2 }" # Load 4
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 3 }" # Push 4 to array
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- "LoopStart { params_index: 0 }" # Start existential loop using parameter table index 0
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- "Load { dest: 7, literal_idx: 3 }" # Load comparison value 5
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- "Gt { dest: 8, left: 5, right: 7 }" # Check if current value > 5
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- "AssertCondition { condition: 8 }" # Assert the condition for existential logic
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- "LoopNext { body_start: 8, loop_end: 12 }" # Continue to next iteration
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- "Return { value: 6 }" # Return result
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want_result: true
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- note: some_basic_failure
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description: Basic existential loop that fails
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example_rego: "some x in [1, 2, 3]; x > 5" # false because no element > 5
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literals:
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- 1
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- 2
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- 3
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- 5 # comparison value
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instruction_params:
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loop_params:
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- mode: "Existential"
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collection: 0
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key_reg: 4
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value_reg: 5
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result_reg: 6
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body_start: 8
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loop_end: 12
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instructions:
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- "ArrayNew { dest: 0 }" # Create array [1, 2, 3] in register 0
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- "Load { dest: 1, literal_idx: 0 }" # Load 1 into register 1
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 1 }" # Push 1 to array
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- "Load { dest: 2, literal_idx: 1 }" # Load 2 into register 2
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 2 }" # Push 2 to array
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- "Load { dest: 3, literal_idx: 2 }" # Load 3 into register 3
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- "ArrayPush { arr: 0, value: 3 }" # Push 3 to array
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- "LoopStart { params_index: 0 }" # Start existential loop using parameter table index 0
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- "Load { dest: 7, literal_idx: 3 }" # Load comparison value 5 into register 7
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- "Gt { dest: 8, left: 5, right: 7 }" # Check if current value > 5, store result in register 8
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- "AssertCondition { condition: 8 }" # Assert the condition (fails for all elements)
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- "LoopNext { body_start: 8, loop_end: 12 }" # Continue to next iteration or exit
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- "Return { value: 6 }" # Return boolean result from loop
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want_result: false
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