feat: modernize GitHub Actions with security hardening and centralized Rust toolchain (#470)

Security Improvements:
- Pin all GitHub Actions to specific commit hashes instead of version tags
- Update actions/checkout from v4 to commit 08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955
- Update actions/setup-python from v5 to commit a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 (v5.6.0)
- Update actions/setup-java from v4 to commit dded0888837ed1f317902acf8a20df0ad188d165 (v5.0.0)
- Update actions/setup-node from v4 to commit 1e60f620b9541d16bece96c5465dc8ee9832be0b (v4.4.0)
- Update actions/setup-go from v5 to commit 41dfa10bad2bb2ae585af6ee5bb4d7d973ad74ed (v5.1.0)
- Update actions/setup-dotnet from v4 to commit 3e891b0cb619bf60e2c25674b222b8940e2c1c25 (v4.1.0)
- Update actions/upload-artifact from v4 to commit ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 (v4.6.2)
- Update actions/download-artifact from v4 to commit 634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 (v5.0.0)
- Update github/codeql-action from v3 to commit 01fe2e8c43536ad5e1085bad5e7cd6fbc8a30988 (v3.29.11)

Rust Toolchain Consolidation:
- Create custom composite action .github/actions/toolchains/rust/action.yml
- Standardize on Rust 1.89.0 (latest stable) with clippy and rustfmt components
- Add optional targets parameter for cross-compilation support
- Replace dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable across 16 workflows

This creates a more secure, maintainable, and consistent CI/CD pipeline
with centralized Rust toolchain management across all workflows.

Signed-off-by: Anand Krishnamoorthi <anakrish@microsoft.com>

.github/workflows/publish-java.yml

@@ -32,18 +32,18 @@ jobs:
             os: windows-latest
             extension: dll
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@dded0888837ed1f317902acf8a20df0ad188d165 # v5.0.0
         with:
           java-version: 8
           distribution: "corretto"
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
         with:
           targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
       - if: ${{ matrix.build_cmd == 'zigbuild' }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - if: ${{ matrix.build_cmd == 'zigbuild' }}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: cargo ${{ matrix.build_cmd || 'build' }} --release --frozen --target ${{ matrix.target }}${{ matrix.glibc && format('.{0}', matrix.glibc) || '' }} --manifest-path ./bindings/java/Cargo.toml
       - run: mkdir -p native/${{ matrix.target }}
       - run: mv target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/*.${{ matrix.extension }} ./native/${{ matrix.target }}/
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: native-libraries-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: native/
@@ -62,24 +62,24 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@dded0888837ed1f317902acf8a20df0ad188d165 # v5.0.0
         with:
           java-version: 8
           distribution: "corretto"
           server-id: ossrh
           server-username: MAVEN_USERNAME
           server-password: MAVEN_PASSWORD
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           pattern: native-libraries-*
           merge-multiple: true
           path: ./bindings/java/native/
       - run: mvn package
         working-directory: ./bindings/java
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: built-jars
           path: ./bindings/java/target/regorus-java-*.jar