s390-tools/dasdfmt/dasdfmt.c

/*
 * dasdfmt - Format DASD ECKD devices for use by Linux
 *
 * Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2017
 *
 * s390-tools is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the MIT license. See LICENSE for details.
 */

#include <linux/version.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>

#include "lib/dasd_sys.h"
#include "lib/util_opt.h"
#include "lib/util_prg.h"
#include "lib/util_proc.h"
#include "lib/vtoc.h"
#include "lib/zt_common.h"

#include "dasdfmt.h"

#define BUSIDSIZE  8
#define SEC_PER_DAY (60 * 60 * 24)
#define SEC_PER_HOUR (60 * 60)

static int filedes;
static int disk_disabled;
static format_data_t format_params;
static format_mode_t mode;
static char *prog_name;
static volatile sig_atomic_t program_interrupt_in_progress;
static int reqsize;


static const struct util_prg prg = {
	.desc = "Use dasdfmt to format a DASD ECKD device for use by Linux.\n"
		"DEVICE is the node of the device (e.g. '/dev/dasda').",
	.args = "DEVICE",
	.copyright_vec = {
		{
			.owner = "IBM Corp.",
			.pub_first = 1999,
			.pub_last = 2016,
		},
		UTIL_PRG_COPYRIGHT_END
	}
};

/* Defines for options with no short command */
#define OPT_CHECK	128
#define OPT_NOZERO	129

static struct util_opt opt_vec[] = {
	UTIL_OPT_SECTION("FORMAT ACTIONS"),
	{
		.option = { "mode", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
		.argument = "MODE",
		.desc = "Specify scope of operation using MODE:\n"
			"  full: Full device (default)\n"
			"  quick: Only the first two tracks\n"
			"  expand: Unformatted tracks at device end",
	},
	{
		.option = { "check", no_argument, NULL, OPT_CHECK },
		.desc = "Perform complete format check on device",
		.flags = UTIL_OPT_FLAG_NOSHORT,
	},
	UTIL_OPT_SECTION("FORMAT OPTIONS"),
	{
		.option = { "blocksize", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
		.argument = "SIZE",
		.desc = "Format blocks to SIZE bytes (default 4096)",
	},
	{
		.option = { "disk_layout", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
		.argument = "LAYOUT",
		.desc = "Specify the disk layout:\n"
			"  cdl: Compatible Disk Layout (default)\n"
			"  ldl: Linux Disk Layout",
	},
	{
		.option = { "keep_volser", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
		.desc = "Do not change the current volume serial",
	},
	{
		.option = { "label", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
		.argument = "VOLSER",
		.desc = "Specify volume serial number",
	},
	{
		.option = { "no_label", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
		.desc = "Don't write a disk label",
	},
	{
		.option = { "requestsize", required_argument, NULL, 'r' },
		.argument = "NUM",
		.desc = "Process NUM cylinders in one formatting step",
	},
	{
		.option = { "norecordzero", no_argument, NULL, OPT_NOZERO },
		.desc = "Prevent storage server from modifying record 0",
		.flags = UTIL_OPT_FLAG_NOSHORT,
	},
	{
		.option = { NULL, no_argument, NULL, 'y' },
		.desc = "Start formatting without further user-confirmation",
		.flags = UTIL_OPT_FLAG_NOLONG,
	},
	UTIL_OPT_SECTION("DISPLAY PROGRESS"),
	{
		.option = { "hashmarks", required_argument, NULL, 'm' },
		.argument = "NUM",
		.desc = "Show a hashmark every NUM cylinders",
	},
	{
		.option = { "progressbar", no_argument, NULL, 'p' },
		.desc = "Show a progressbar",
	},
	{
		.option = { "percentage", no_argument, NULL, 'P' },
		.desc = "Show progress in percent",
	},
	UTIL_OPT_SECTION("MISC"),
	{
		.option = { "check_host_count", no_argument, NULL, 'C' },
		.desc = "Check if device is in use by other hosts",
	},
	{
		.option = { "force", no_argument, NULL, 'F' },
		.desc = "Format without performing sanity checking",
	},
	{
		.option = { "test", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
		.desc = "Run in dry-run mode without modifying the DASD",
	},
	{
		.option = { NULL, no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
		.desc = "Print verbose messages when executing",
		.flags = UTIL_OPT_FLAG_NOLONG,
	},
	UTIL_OPT_HELP,
	{
		.option = { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
		.desc = "Print version information, then exit",
	},
	UTIL_OPT_END
};

/*
 * Helper function to calculate the days, hours, minutes, and seconds
 * for a given timestamp in seconds
 */
static void calc_time(time_t time, int *d, int *h, int *m, int *s)
{
	*d = time / SEC_PER_DAY;
	time %= SEC_PER_DAY;
	*h = time / SEC_PER_HOUR;
	time %= SEC_PER_HOUR;
	*m = time / 60;
	*s = time % 60;
}

/*
 * This function calculates and prints the estimated time of accomplishment.
 */
static void print_eta(int p_new, int started)
{
	static struct timeval start;
	struct timeval now;
	time_t time_elapsed;
	time_t time_end;
	int d, h, m, s;
	static int p_init;
	int p;

	if (!started) {
		gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
		p_init = p_new;
	}
	gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
	time_elapsed = now.tv_sec - start.tv_sec;

	/*
	 * We might start somewhere in the middle with an initial percentage
	 * value of i.e. 60%. Therefore we need to calculate the relative
	 * percentage of p_new within that remaining range (100 - 60) in order
	 * to correctly estimate the remaining time.
	 */
	if (p_init == 100)
		p = p_init;
	else
		p = 100 * (p_new - p_init) / (100 - p_init);

	if (p == 0)
		time_end = time_elapsed;
	else
		time_end = time_elapsed * (100 - p) / p;

	/* Calculate days, hours, minutes, and seconds */
	calc_time(time_end, &d, &h, &m, &s);
	if (p_new == 100)
		calc_time(time_elapsed, &d, &h, &m, &s);

	/* Avoid printing leading zeros */
	if (d > 0)
		printf(" [%dd %dh %dm %ds%-4s", d, h, m, s, "]");
	else if (h > 0)
		printf(" [%dh %dm %ds%-7s", h, m, s, "]");
	else if (m > 0)
		printf(" [%dm %ds%-6s", m, s, "]");
	else if (s > 0 || p > 50)
		printf(" [%ds%-5s", s, "]");
	else
		printf(" [--%-1s", "]");
}

/*
 * Draw the progress indicator depending on what command line argument is set.
 * This can either be a progressbar, hashmarks, or percentage.
 */
static void draw_progress(dasdfmt_info_t *info, int cyl, unsigned int cylinders,
			  int aborted)
{
	static int hashcount;
	static int started;
	static int p_old;
	int p_new = 0;
	int barlength;
	int i;

	if (info->print_progressbar) {
		printf("cyl %7d of %7d |", cyl, cylinders);
		p_new = cyl * 100 / cylinders;
		if (p_new != p_old || !started || aborted) {
			/* percent value has changed */
			p_old = p_new;
			barlength = cyl * 33 / cylinders;
			for (i = 1; i <= barlength; i++)
				printf("#");
			for (i = barlength + 1; i <= 33; i++)
				printf("-");
			printf("|%3d%%", p_new);
			if (aborted)
				p_new = 100;
			print_eta(p_new, started);
			started = 1;
		}
		printf("\r");
		fflush(stdout);
	}

	if (info->print_hashmarks &&
	    (cyl / info->hashstep - hashcount) != 0) {
		printf("#");
		fflush(stdout);
		hashcount++;
	}

	if (info->print_percentage) {
		printf("cyl %7d of %7d |%3d%%\n", cyl, cylinders,
		       cyl * 100 / cylinders);
		fflush(stdout);
	}
}

static int reread_partition_table(void)
{
	int i = 0;
	int rc = -1;

	/* If the BLKRRPART ioctl fails, it is most likely due to
	   the device just beeing in use by udev. So it is worthwhile
	   to retry the ioctl after a second as it is likely to succeed.
	 */
	while (rc && (i < 5)) {
		++i;
		rc = ioctl(filedes, BLKRRPART, NULL);
		if (rc)
			sleep(1);
	}
	return rc;
}

/*
 * Helper function for recs_per_track.
 */
static inline unsigned int ceil_quot(unsigned int d1, unsigned int d2)
{
	return (d1 + (d2 - 1)) / d2;
}

/*
 * Calculate records per track depending on the device characteristics.
 */
static unsigned int recs_per_track(struct dasd_eckd_characteristics *rdc,
				   unsigned int kl, unsigned int dl)
{
	int dn, kn;

	switch (rdc->dev_type) {
	case 0x3380:
		if (kl)
			return 1499 / (15 + 7 + ceil_quot(kl + 12, 32) +
				       ceil_quot(dl + 12, 32));
		else
			return 1499 / (15 + ceil_quot(dl + 12, 32));
	case 0x3390:
		dn = ceil_quot(dl + 6, 232) + 1;
		if (kl) {
			kn = ceil_quot(kl + 6, 232) + 1;
			return 1729 / (10 + 9 + ceil_quot(kl + 6 * kn, 34) +
				       9 + ceil_quot(dl + 6 * dn, 34));
		} else
			return 1729 / (10 + 9 + ceil_quot(dl + 6 * dn, 34));
	case 0x9345:
		dn = ceil_quot(dl + 6, 232) + 1;
		if (kl) {
			kn = ceil_quot(kl + 6, 232) + 1;
			return 1420 / (18 + 7 + ceil_quot(kl + 6 * kn, 34) +
				       ceil_quot(dl + 6 * dn, 34));
		} else
			return 1420 / (18 + 7 + ceil_quot(dl + 6 * dn, 34));
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Evaluate errors recognized by format checks and print appropriate error
 * messages depending on the content of cdata.
 */
static void evaluate_format_error(dasdfmt_info_t *info, format_check_t *cdata,
				  unsigned int heads)
{
	struct dasd_eckd_characteristics *rdc;
	/* Special blocksize values of the first 3 records of trk 0 of cyl 0 */
	const int blksizes_trk0[] = { 24, 144, 80 };
	/* Special blocksize value of trk 1 cyl 0 */
	const int blksize_trk1 = 96;
	unsigned int cyl;
	unsigned int head;
	unsigned int rpt;
	unsigned int kl = 0;
	int blksize = cdata->expect.blksize;

	if (info->print_progressbar || info->print_hashmarks)
		printf("\n");

	/*
	 * If mode is not QUICK and a device format couldn't be determined, the
	 * device is considered not formatted.
	 * Also, reading record zero will never happen. If the record in error
	 * is 0 nonetheless, the device is not formatted at all as well!
	 */
	if ((info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_NONE && mode != QUICK) ||
	    cdata->rec == 0) {
		ERRMSG("WARNING: The specified device is not "
		       "formatted at all.\n");
		return;
	}

	cyl = cdata->unit / heads;
	head = cyl >> 16;
	head <<= 4;
	head |= cdata->unit % heads;

	/*
	 * Set special expected values for the first 3 records of trk 0 of cyl 0
	 * and trk 1 of cyl 0 when checking a CDL formatted device.
	 */
	if ((cdata->expect.intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) &&
	    cyl == 0 && head == 0 && cdata->rec < 4) {
		kl = 4;
		blksize = blksizes_trk0[cdata->rec - 1];
	}
	if ((cdata->expect.intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) &&
	    cyl == 0 && head == 1) {
		kl = 44;
		blksize = blksize_trk1;
	}

	rdc = (struct dasd_eckd_characteristics *)
				&info->dasd_info.characteristics;

	rpt = recs_per_track(rdc, kl, cdata->expect.blksize);

	ERRMSG("WARNING: The specified device is not formatted as expected.\n");
	switch (cdata->result) {
	case DASD_FMT_ERR_TOO_FEW_RECORDS:
		ERRMSG("Too few records (found %d, expected %d) "
		       "at cyl: %d trk: %d rec: %d.\n",
		       cdata->num_records, rpt, cyl, head, cdata->rec);
		break;
	case DASD_FMT_ERR_TOO_MANY_RECORDS:
		ERRMSG("Too many records (found %d, expected %d) "
		       "at cyl: %d trk: %d rec: %d.\n",
		       cdata->num_records, rpt, cyl, head, cdata->rec);
		break;
	case DASD_FMT_ERR_BLKSIZE:
		ERRMSG("Invalid blocksize (found %d, expected %d) "
		       "at cyl: %d trk: %d rec: %d.\n",
		       cdata->blksize, blksize, cyl, head, cdata->rec);
		break;
	case DASD_FMT_ERR_RECORD_ID:
		ERRMSG("Invalid record ID at cyl: %d trk: %d rec: %d.\n",
			cyl, head, cdata->rec);
		break;
	case DASD_FMT_ERR_KEY_LENGTH:
		ERRMSG("Invalid key length (found %d, expected %d) "
		       "at cyl: %d trk: %d rec: %d.\n",
		       cdata->key_length, kl, cyl, head, cdata->rec);
		break;
	}
}

/*
 * signal handler:
 * enables the disk again in case of SIGTERM, SIGINT and SIGQUIT
 */
static void program_interrupt_signal(int sig)
{
	int rc;

	if (program_interrupt_in_progress)
		raise(sig);
	program_interrupt_in_progress = 1;

	if (disk_disabled) {
		printf("Re-accessing the device...\n");
		rc = ioctl(filedes, BIODASDENABLE, &format_params);
		if (rc)
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (signal handler) IOCTL "
				    "BIODASDENABLE failed (%s)\n", prog_name,
				    strerror(errno));
	}

	printf("Rereading the partition table...\n");
	rc = reread_partition_table();
	if (rc) {
		ERRMSG("%s: (signal handler) Re-reading partition table "
		       "failed. (%s)\n", prog_name, strerror(errno));
	} else {
		printf("Exiting...\n");
	}

	rc = close(filedes);
	if (rc)
		ERRMSG("%s: (signal handler) Unable to close device (%s)\n",
		       prog_name, strerror(errno));

	signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
	raise(sig);
}

/*
 * check given device name for blanks and some special characters
 */
static void get_device_name(dasdfmt_info_t *info, char *name, int argc,
			    char *argv[])
{
	struct util_proc_dev_entry dev_entry;
	struct stat dev_stat;

	if (info->device_id + 1 < argc)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE,
			    "%s: More than one device specified!\n", prog_name);

	if (info->device_id >= argc)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "%s: No device specified!\n",
			    prog_name);

	if (info->device_id < argc) {
		strcpy(info->devname, argv[info->device_id]);
	} else {
		if ((strchr(name, ' ') != NULL) || (strchr(name, '#') != NULL) ||
		    (strchr(name, '[') != NULL) || (strchr(name, ']') != NULL) ||
		    (strchr(name, '!') != NULL) || (strchr(name, '>') != NULL) ||
		    (strchr(name, '(') != NULL) || (strchr(name, '<') != NULL) ||
		    (strchr(name, ')') != NULL) || (strchr(name, ':') != NULL) ||
		    (strchr(name, '&') != NULL) || (strchr(name, ';') != NULL))
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "%s: Your filename contains "
				    "blanks or special characters!\n",
				    prog_name);

		strncpy(info->devname, name, PATH_MAX - 1);
		info->devname[PATH_MAX - 1] = '\0';
	}

	if (stat(info->devname, &dev_stat) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "%s: Could not get information for "
			    "device node %s: %s\n", prog_name, info->devname,
			    strerror(errno));

	if (minor(dev_stat.st_rdev) & PARTN_MASK) {
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "%s: Unable to format partition %s. "
			    "Please specify a device.\n", prog_name,
			    info->devname);
	}

	if (util_proc_dev_get_entry(dev_stat.st_rdev, 1, &dev_entry) == 0) {
		if (strncmp(dev_entry.name, "dasd", 4) != 0)
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE,
				    "%s: Unsupported device type '%s'.\n",
				    prog_name, dev_entry.name);
	} else {
		printf("%s WARNING: Unable to get driver name for device node %s",
		       prog_name, info->devname);
	}
}

/*
 * Retrieve DASD information
 */
static void get_device_info(dasdfmt_info_t *info)
{
	dasd_information2_t dasd_info;

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDINFO2, &dasd_info))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: the ioctl call to retrieve "
			    "device information failed (%s).\n",
			    prog_name, strerror(errno));

	info->dasd_info = dasd_info;
}

/*
 * Retrieve blocksize of device
 */
static void get_blocksize(unsigned int *blksize)
{
	if (ioctl(filedes, BLKSSZGET, blksize) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: the ioctl to get the blocksize "
			    "of the device failed (%s).\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));
}

/*
 * Check whether a specified blocksize matches the blocksize of the device
 */
static void check_blocksize(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int blksize)
{
	unsigned int dev_blksize;

	if (!info->blksize_specified ||
	    info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_NONE)
		return;

	get_blocksize(&dev_blksize);
	if (dev_blksize != blksize) {
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "WARNING: Device is formatted with a "
			    "different blocksize (%d).\nUse --mode=full to "
			    "perform a clean format.\n", dev_blksize);
	}
}

/*
 * Check whether a specified layout matches the layout
 * a device is formatted with.
 */
static void check_layout(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int intensity)
{
	char layout[4];

	if (!info->layout_specified ||
	    info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_NONE)
		return;

	if ((intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) &&
	    info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_CDL)
		return;

	if (!(intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) &&
	    info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_LDL)
		return;

	if (info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_CDL)
		sprintf(layout, "CDL");
	if (info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_LDL)
		sprintf(layout, "LDL");

	ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "WARNING: Device is formatted with a "
		    "different layout (%s).\n", layout);
}

/*
 * check for disk type and set some variables (e.g. usage count)
 */
static void check_disk(dasdfmt_info_t *info)
{
	int ro, errno_save;

	if (ioctl(filedes, BLKROGET, &ro) != 0) {
		errno_save = errno;
		close(filedes);
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
			    "%s: the ioctl call to retrieve read/write "
			    "status information failed (%s)\n",
			    prog_name, strerror(errno_save));
	}

	if (ro)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "Disk is read only!\n");

	if (!info->force)
		if (info->dasd_info.open_count > 1)
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_BUSY, "Disk in use!\n");

	if (strncmp(info->dasd_info.type, "ECKD", 4) != 0) {
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
			    "%s: Unsupported disk type\n%s is not an "
			    "ECKD disk!\n", prog_name, info->devname);
	}

	if (dasd_sys_raw_track_access(info->devname)) {
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
			    "%s: Device '%s' is in raw-track access mode\n",
			    prog_name, info->devname);
	}
}

/*
 * check the volume serial for special
 * characters  and move blanks to the end
 */
static int check_volser(char *s, int devno)
{
	int i, j;

	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		if ((s[i] < 0x20) || (s[i] > 0x7a) ||
		    ((s[i] >= 0x21) && (s[i] <= 0x22)) ||  /*  !"        */
		    ((s[i] >= 0x26) && (s[i] <= 0x2f)) ||  /* &'()*+,-./ */
		    ((s[i] >= 0x3a) && (s[i] <= 0x3f)) ||  /*  :;<=>?    */
		    ((s[i] >= 0x5b) && (s[i] <= 0x60)))    /*  \]^_`     */
			s[i] = ' ';
		s[i] = toupper(s[i]);
	}
	s[6] = 0x00;

	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		if (s[i] == ' ')
			for (j = i; j < 6; j++)
				if (s[j] != ' ') {
					s[i] = s[j];
					s[j] = ' ';
					break;
				}
	}

	if (s[0] == ' ') {
		printf("Usage error, switching to default.\n");
		sprintf(s, "0X%04x", devno);
		for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
			s[i] = toupper(s[i]);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * do some blocksize checks
 */
static int check_param(char *s, size_t buffsize, format_data_t *data)
{
	int tmp = data->blksize;

	if ((tmp < 512) || (tmp > 4096)) {
		strncpy(s, "Blocksize must be one of the following positive "
			"integers:\n512, 1024, 2048, 4096.", buffsize);
		if (buffsize > 0)
			s[buffsize - 1] = '\0';
		return -1;
	}

	while (tmp > 0) {
		if ((tmp % 2) && (tmp != 1)) {
			strncpy(s, "Blocksize must be a power of 2.", buffsize);
			if (buffsize > 0)
				s[buffsize - 1] = '\0';
			return -1;
		}
		tmp /= 2;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Retrieve disk information and set cylinders and heads accordingly.
 */
static void set_geo(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int *cylinders,
		    unsigned int *heads)
{
	struct dasd_eckd_characteristics *characteristics;

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Retrieving disk geometry...\n");

	characteristics = (struct dasd_eckd_characteristics *)
				&info->dasd_info.characteristics;
	if (characteristics->no_cyl == LV_COMPAT_CYL &&
	    characteristics->long_no_cyl)
		*cylinders = characteristics->long_no_cyl;
	else
		*cylinders = characteristics->no_cyl;
	*heads = characteristics->trk_per_cyl;
}

/*
 * Set VTOC label information
 */
static void set_label(dasdfmt_info_t *info, volume_label_t *vlabel,
		      format_data_t *p, unsigned int cylinders)
{
	char inp_buffer[5];

	if (info->writenolabel) {
		if (cylinders > LV_COMPAT_CYL && !info->withoutprompt) {
			printf("\n--->> ATTENTION! <<---\n");
			printf("You specified to write no labels to a"
			       " volume with more then %u cylinders.\n"
			       "Cylinders above this limit will not be"
			       " accessible as a linux partition!\n"
			       "Type \"yes\" to continue, no will leave"
			       " the disk untouched: ", LV_COMPAT_CYL);
			if (fgets(inp_buffer, sizeof(inp_buffer), stdin) == NULL)
				return;
			if (strcasecmp(inp_buffer, "yes") &&
			    strcasecmp(inp_buffer, "yes\n")) {
				printf("Omitting ioctl call (disk will "
					"NOT be formatted).\n");
				return;
			}
		}
	} else {
		if (!info->labelspec && !info->keep_volser) {
			char buf[7];

			sprintf(buf, "0X%04x", info->dasd_info.devno);
			check_volser(buf, info->dasd_info.devno);
			vtoc_volume_label_set_volser(vlabel, buf);
		}

		if (p->intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) {
			info->cdl_format = 1;
			vtoc_volume_label_set_label(vlabel, "VOL1");
			vtoc_volume_label_set_key(vlabel, "VOL1");
			vtoc_set_cchhb(&vlabel->vtoc, 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x01);
		} else {
			vtoc_volume_label_set_label(vlabel, "LNX1");
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Check whether hashsteps are within the correct interval.
 */
static void check_hashmarks(dasdfmt_info_t *info)
{
	if (info->print_hashmarks) {
		if (info->hashstep < reqsize)
			info->hashstep = reqsize;
		if ((info->hashstep < 1) || (info->hashstep > 1000)) {
			printf("Hashmark increment is not in range <1,1000>, "
			       "using the default.\n");
			info->hashstep = 10;
		}

		printf("Printing hashmark every %d cylinders.\n",
		       info->hashstep);
	}
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a range of tracks is in regular format
 * with the specified block size.
 */
static format_check_t check_track_format(dasdfmt_info_t *info, format_data_t *p)
{
	format_check_t cdata = {
		.expect = {
			.blksize = p->blksize,
			.intensity = p->intensity,
			.start_unit = p->start_unit,
			.stop_unit = p->stop_unit
		}, 0
	};

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDCHECKFMT, &cdata)) {
		if (errno == ENOTTY) {
			ERRMSG("%s: Missing kernel support for format checking",
			       prog_name);
			if (mode == EXPAND) {
				ERRMSG(". Mode 'expand' cannot be used");
			} else if (!info->check) {
				ERRMSG(" (--force to override)");
			}
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, ".\n");
		}
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Could no check format: %s\n",
			    prog_name, strerror(errno));
	}

	return cdata;
}

/*
 * Either do the actual format or check depending on the check-value.
 */
static int process_tracks(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int cylinders,
			  unsigned int heads, format_data_t *format_params)
{
	format_check_t cdata = { .expect = {0}, 0};
	format_data_t step = *format_params;
	unsigned long step_value;
	unsigned long cur_trk;
	int cyl = 0;

	check_hashmarks(info);

	cur_trk = format_params->start_unit;

	while (cur_trk < format_params->stop_unit) {
		step_value = reqsize * heads - (cur_trk % heads);
		step.start_unit = cur_trk;
		if (cur_trk + heads * reqsize >= format_params->stop_unit)
			step.stop_unit = format_params->stop_unit;
		else
			step.stop_unit = cur_trk + step_value - 1;

		if (info->check) {
			cdata = check_track_format(info, &step);
			if (cdata.result) {
				cyl = cur_trk / heads + 1;
				draw_progress(info, cyl, cylinders, 1);
				evaluate_format_error(info, &cdata, heads);
				break;
			}
		} else {
			if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDFMT, &step) != 0)
				ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: the ioctl call "
					    "to format tracks failed. (%s)\n",
					    prog_name, strerror(errno));
		}

		cyl = cur_trk / heads + 1;
		draw_progress(info, cyl, cylinders, 0);

		cur_trk += step_value;
	}
	/* We're done, draw the 100% mark */
	if (!cdata.result) {
		cyl = step.stop_unit / heads + 1;
		draw_progress(info, cyl, cylinders, 0);
		printf("\n");
	}

	return cdata.result;
}

/*
 * This function checks the format of the entire disk.
 */
static void check_disk_format(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int cylinders,
			      unsigned int heads, format_data_t *check_params)
{
	check_params->start_unit = 0;
	check_params->stop_unit = (cylinders * heads) - 1;

	printf("Checking format of the entire disk...\n");

	if (info->testmode) {
		printf("Test mode active, omitting ioctl.\n");
		return;
	}

	check_blocksize(info, check_params->blksize);
	check_layout(info, check_params->intensity);

	/*
	 * If no layout was specified, set the intensity
	 * according to what the layout seems to be.
	 */
	if (!info->layout_specified) {
		if (info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_CDL)
			check_params->intensity |= DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT;
		else if (info->dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_LDL)
			check_params->intensity &= ~DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT;
	}

	if (process_tracks(info, cylinders, heads, check_params)) {
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "Use --mode=full to perform a "
			    "clean format.\n");
	}

	printf("Done. Disk is fine.\n");
}

/*
 * ask the user to specify a blocksize
 */
static format_data_t ask_user_for_blksize(format_data_t params)
{
	char c, str[ERR_LENGTH], buffer[20];
	int i, rc;

	i = params.blksize;

	do {
		params.blksize = i;

		printf("Please enter the blocksize of the formatting [%d]: ", i);
		if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == NULL)
			break;

		rc = sscanf(buffer, "%d%c", &params.blksize, &c);
		if ((rc == 2) && (c == '\n'))
			rc = 1;
		if (rc == -1)
			rc = 1; /* this happens, if enter is pressed */
		if (rc != 1)
			printf(" -- wrong input, try again.\n");

		if (check_param(str, ERR_LENGTH, &params) < 0) {
			printf(" -- %s\n", str);
			rc = 0;
		}
	} while (rc != 1);

	return params;
}

/*
 * print all information needed to format the device
 */
static void dasdfmt_print_info(dasdfmt_info_t *info, volume_label_t *vlabel,
			       unsigned int cylinders, unsigned int heads,
			       format_data_t *p)
{
	char volser[6], vollbl[4];

	printf("Drive Geometry: %d Cylinders * %d Heads =  %d Tracks\n",
	       cylinders, heads, (cylinders * heads));

	printf("\nI am going to format the device ");
	printf("%s in the following way:\n", info->devname);
	printf("   Device number of device : 0x%x\n", info->dasd_info.devno);
	printf("   Labelling device        : %s\n",
	       (info->writenolabel) ? "no" : "yes");

	if (!info->writenolabel) {
		vtoc_volume_label_get_label(vlabel, vollbl);
		printf("   Disk label              : %.4s\n", vollbl);
		vtoc_volume_label_get_volser(vlabel, volser);
		printf("   Disk identifier         : %.6s\n", volser);
	}
	printf("   Extent start (trk no)   : %u\n", p->start_unit);
	printf("   Extent end (trk no)     : %u\n", p->stop_unit);
	printf("   Compatible Disk Layout  : %s\n",
	       (p->intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) ? "yes" : "no");
	printf("   Blocksize               : %d\n", p->blksize);
	printf("   Mode                    : %s\n", mode_str[mode]);

	if (info->testmode)
		printf("Test mode active, omitting ioctl.\n");
}

/*
 * get volser
 */
static int dasdfmt_get_volser(dasdfmt_info_t *info, char *volser)
{
	unsigned int blksize;
	int f;
	volume_label_t vlabel;

	f = open(info->devname, O_RDONLY);
	if (f == -1)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Unable to open device %s: %s\n",
			    prog_name, info->devname, strerror(errno));

	get_blocksize(&blksize);

	if (close(f) != 0)
		ERRMSG("%s: error during close: %s\ncontinuing...\n",
		       prog_name, strerror(errno));

	if ((strncmp(info->dasd_info.type, "ECKD", 4) == 0) &&
	    (!info->dasd_info.FBA_layout)) {
		/* OS/390 and zOS compatible disk layout */
		vtoc_read_volume_label(info->devname,
				       info->dasd_info.label_block * blksize,
				       &vlabel);
		vtoc_volume_label_get_volser(&vlabel, volser);
		return 0;
	} else {
		return -1;
	}
}

/*
 * do all the labeling (volume label and initial VTOC)
 */
static void dasdfmt_write_labels(dasdfmt_info_t *info, volume_label_t *vlabel,
				 unsigned int cylinders, unsigned int heads)
{
	int label_position;
	struct hd_geometry geo;
	format4_label_t f4;
	format5_label_t f5;
	format7_label_t f7;
	unsigned int blksize;
	int rc;
	void *ipl1_record, *ipl2_record;
	int ipl1_record_len, ipl2_record_len;


	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Retrieving dasd information... ");

	get_blocksize(&blksize);

	/*
	 * Don't rely on the cylinders returned by HDIO_GETGEO, they might be
	 * to small. geo is only used to get the number of sectors, which may
	 * vary depending on the format.
	 */
	if (ioctl(filedes, HDIO_GETGEO, &geo) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (write labels) IOCTL "
			    "HDIO_GETGEO failed (%s).\n",
			    prog_name, strerror(errno));

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("ok\n");

	/* write empty bootstrap (initial IPL records) */
	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Writing empty bootstrap...\n");

	/*
	 * Note: ldl labels do not contain the key field
	 */
	if (info->cdl_format) {
		/* Prepare copy with key (CDL) */
		ipl1_record	= &ipl1;
		ipl2_record	= &ipl2;
		ipl1_record_len	= sizeof(ipl1);
		ipl2_record_len	= sizeof(ipl2);
	} else {
		/* Prepare copy without key (LDL) */
		ipl1_record	= ipl1.data;
		ipl2_record	= ipl2.data;
		ipl1_record_len	= sizeof(ipl1.data);
		ipl2_record_len	= sizeof(ipl2.data);
	}

	if (lseek(filedes, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lseek command 0 failed "
			    "(%s)\n", prog_name, strerror(errno));

	rc = write(filedes, ipl1_record, ipl1_record_len);
	if (rc != ipl1_record_len)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Writing the bootstrap IPL1 "
			    "failed, only wrote %d bytes.\n", prog_name, rc);

	label_position = blksize;
	rc = lseek(filedes, label_position, SEEK_SET);
	if (rc != label_position)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lseek command to %i failed "
			    "(%s).\n", prog_name, label_position,
			    strerror(errno));

	rc = write(filedes, ipl2_record, ipl2_record_len);
	if (rc != ipl2_record_len)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Writing the bootstrap IPL2 "
			    "failed, only wrote %d bytes.\n", prog_name, rc);

	/* write VTOC */
	vtoc_init_format4_label(&f4, geo.cylinders, cylinders, heads,
				geo.sectors, blksize, info->dasd_info.dev_type);

	vtoc_init_format5_label(&f5);
	vtoc_init_format7_label(&f7);
	vtoc_set_freespace(&f4, &f5, &f7, '+', 0, FIRST_USABLE_TRK,
			   (cylinders * heads - 1), cylinders, heads);

	label_position = info->dasd_info.label_block * blksize;

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Writing label...\n");

	rc = lseek(filedes, label_position, SEEK_SET);
	if (rc != label_position)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lseek command to %i failed "
			    "(%s).\n", prog_name, label_position,
			    strerror(errno));

	/*
	 * Note: cdl volume labels do not contain the 'formatted_blocks' part
	 * and ldl labels do not contain the key field
	 */
	if (info->cdl_format) {
		rc = write(filedes, vlabel, (sizeof(*vlabel) -
					     sizeof(vlabel->formatted_blocks)));
	} else {
		vlabel->ldl_version = 0xf2; /* EBCDIC '2' */
		vlabel->formatted_blocks = cylinders * heads * geo.sectors;
		rc = write(filedes, &vlabel->vollbl, (sizeof(*vlabel)
						     - sizeof(vlabel->volkey)));
	}

	if (((rc != sizeof(*vlabel) - sizeof(vlabel->formatted_blocks)) &&
	     info->cdl_format) ||
	    ((rc != (sizeof(*vlabel) - sizeof(vlabel->volkey))) &&
	     (!info->cdl_format)))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Error writing volume label "
			    "(%d).\n", prog_name, rc);

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Writing VTOC... ");

	label_position = (VTOC_START_CC * heads + VTOC_START_HH) *
		geo.sectors * blksize;

	rc = lseek(filedes, label_position, SEEK_SET);
	if (rc != label_position)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lseek command to %i failed "
			    "(%s).\n", prog_name, label_position,
			    strerror(errno));

	/* write VTOC FMT4 DSCB */
	rc = write(filedes, &f4, sizeof(format4_label_t));
	if (rc != sizeof(format4_label_t))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Error writing FMT4 label "
			    "(%d).\n", prog_name, rc);

	label_position += blksize;

	rc = lseek(filedes, label_position, SEEK_SET);
	if (rc != label_position)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lseek to %i failed (%s).\n",
			    prog_name, label_position, strerror(errno));

	/* write VTOC FMT5 DSCB */
	rc = write(filedes, &f5, sizeof(format5_label_t));
	if (rc != sizeof(format5_label_t))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Error writing FMT5 label "
			    "(%d).\n", prog_name, rc);

	if ((cylinders * heads) > BIG_DISK_SIZE) {
		label_position += blksize;

		rc = lseek(filedes, label_position, SEEK_SET);
		if (rc != label_position)
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lseek to %i failed "
				    "(%s).\n", prog_name, label_position,
				    strerror(errno));

		/* write VTOC FMT 7 DSCB (only on big disks) */
		rc = write(filedes, &f7, sizeof(format7_label_t));
		if (rc != sizeof(format7_label_t))
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Error writing FMT7 "
				    "label (rc=%d).\n", prog_name, rc);
	}

	fsync(filedes);

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("ok\n");
}

/*
 * This function will search for the beginning of an unformatted area
 * on the device. It checks selected tracks beforehand and makes sure
 * that the device is formatted to a certain extent. Otherwise the
 * process is terminated.
 */
static void dasdfmt_find_start(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int cylinders,
			       unsigned heads, format_data_t *format_params)
{
	format_check_t cdata;
	unsigned int middle;
	unsigned int left = 2;
	unsigned int right = (cylinders * heads) - 1;
	unsigned int first = left;

	check_blocksize(info, format_params->blksize);

	format_params->start_unit = 0;
	format_params->stop_unit = 4;
	cdata = check_track_format(info, format_params);

	if (cdata.result) {
		evaluate_format_error(info, &cdata, heads);
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "Use --mode=full to perform a "
			    "clean format.\n");
	}

	printf("Expansion mode active. Searching for starting position...\n");

	while (left <= right) {
		/* new track number to look at */
		middle = left + ((right - left) / 2);

		format_params->start_unit = middle;
		format_params->stop_unit = middle;
		cdata = check_track_format(info, format_params);
		if (cdata.blksize != format_params->blksize) {
			first = middle;
			right = middle - 1;
		} else {
			left = middle + 1;
		}
	}

	if (first == 2 && cdata.blksize == format_params->blksize)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
			    "No unformatted part found, aborting.\n");

	printf("Done. Unformatted part starts at track %d.\n", first);

	/* return format_params with start_unit set to the correct value */
	format_params->start_unit = first;
}

/*
 * formats the disk cylinderwise
 */
static void dasdfmt_format(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int cylinders,
			   unsigned int heads, format_data_t *format_params)
{
	process_tracks(info, cylinders, heads, format_params);
}

static void dasdfmt_prepare_and_format(dasdfmt_info_t *info,
				       unsigned int cylinders,
				       unsigned int heads, format_data_t *p)
{
	format_data_t temp = {
		.start_unit = 0,
		.stop_unit = 0,
		.blksize = p->blksize,
		.intensity = ((p->intensity & ~DASD_FMT_INT_FMT_NOR0)
			      | DASD_FMT_INT_INVAL)
	};

	if (!((info->withoutprompt) && (info->verbosity < 1)))
		printf("Formatting the device. This may take a while "
		       "(get yourself a coffee).\n");

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Detaching the device...\n");

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDDISABLE, p) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (prepare device) IOCTL "
			    "BIODASDDISABLE failed. (%s)\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));
	disk_disabled = 1;

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Invalidate first track...\n");

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDFMT, &temp) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (invalidate first track) IOCTL "
			    "BIODASDFMT failed. (%s)\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));

	/* except track 0 from standard formatting procss */
	p->start_unit = 1;

	dasdfmt_format(info, cylinders, heads, p);

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("formatting tracks complete...\n");

	temp.intensity = p->intensity;

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Revalidate first track...\n");

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDFMT, &temp) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (re-validate first track) IOCTL"
			    " BIODASDFMT failed (%s)\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Re-accessing the device...\n");

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDENABLE, p) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (prepare device) IOCTL "
			    "BIODASDENABLE failed. (%s)\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));
	disk_disabled = 0;
}

/*
 * This function will start the expand format process.
 */
static void dasdfmt_expand_format(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int cylinders,
				  unsigned int heads, format_data_t *p)
{
	if (!((info->withoutprompt) && (info->verbosity < 1)))
		printf("Formatting the device. This may take a while "
		       "(get yourself a coffee).\n");

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Detaching the device...\n");

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDDISABLE, p) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (prepare device) IOCTL "
			    "BIODASDDISABLE failed. (%s)\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));
	disk_disabled = 1;

	dasdfmt_format(info, cylinders, heads, p);

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Formatting tracks complete...\n");

	if (info->verbosity > 0)
		printf("Re-accessing the device...\n");

	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDENABLE, p) != 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: (prepare device) IOCTL "
			    "BIODASDENABLE failed. (%s)\n", prog_name,
			    strerror(errno));
	disk_disabled = 0;
}

/*
 * This function will only format the first two tracks of a DASD.
 * The rest of the DASD is untouched and left as is.
 */
static void dasdfmt_quick_format(dasdfmt_info_t *info, unsigned int cylinders,
				 unsigned int heads, format_data_t *p)
{
	format_check_t cdata = { .expect = {0}, 0 };
	format_data_t tmp = *p;

	if (info->force) {
		printf("Skipping format check due to --force.\n");
	} else {
		check_blocksize(info, p->blksize);

		printf("Checking the format of selected tracks...\n");

		/* Check device format on the first and last 3 regular tracks */
		tmp.start_unit = 2;
		tmp.stop_unit = 4;
		cdata = check_track_format(info, &tmp);
		if (!cdata.result) {
			tmp.start_unit = (cylinders * heads) - 3;
			tmp.stop_unit = (cylinders * heads) - 1;
			cdata = check_track_format(info, &tmp);
		}
		if (cdata.result) {
			evaluate_format_error(info, &cdata, heads);
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "Use --mode=full to perform "
				    "a clean format.\n");
		} else {
			printf("Done. Disk seems fine.\n");
		}
	}

	if (!((info->withoutprompt) && (info->verbosity < 1)))
		printf("Formatting the first two tracks of the device.\n");

	/* Disable the device before we do anything */
	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDDISABLE, p))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: the ioctl to disable the device "
			    "failed. (%s)\n", prog_name, strerror(errno));
	disk_disabled = 1;

	/* Now do the actual formatting of our first two tracks */
	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDFMT, p))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: the ioctl to format the device "
			    "failed. (%s)\n", prog_name, strerror(errno));

	/* Re-Enable the device so that we can continue working with it */
	if (ioctl(filedes, BIODASDENABLE, p))
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: the ioctl to enable the device "
			    "failed. (%s)\n", prog_name, strerror(errno));
	disk_disabled = 0;
}

static void do_format_dasd(dasdfmt_info_t *info, volume_label_t *vlabel,
			   format_data_t *p, unsigned int cylinders,
			   unsigned int heads)
{
	char inp_buffer[5];
	int count;

	p->start_unit = 0;

	switch (mode) {
	case FULL: /* all tracks */
		p->stop_unit  = (cylinders * heads) - 1;
		break;
	case QUICK: /* just the first two */
		p->stop_unit = 1;
		break;
	case EXPAND: /* only the end of the disk */
		dasdfmt_find_start(info, cylinders, heads, p);
		p->stop_unit  = (cylinders * heads) - 1;
		break;
	}

	if ((info->verbosity > 0) || !info->withoutprompt || info->testmode)
		dasdfmt_print_info(info, vlabel, cylinders, heads, p);

	count = u2s_get_host_access_count(info->devname);
	if (info->force_host) {
		if (count > 1) {
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
				    "\n%s: Disk %s is online on OS instances in %d different LPARs.\n"
				    "Note: Your installation might include z/VM systems that are configured to\n"
				    "automatically vary on disks, regardless of whether they are subsequently used.\n\n",
				    prog_name, info->devname, count);
		} else if (count < 0) {
			ERRMSG("\nHosts access information not available for disk %s.\n\n",
			       info->devname);
			return;
		}
	} else if (count > 1)
		ERRMSG("\nWARNING:\n"
		       "Disk %s is online on operating system instances in %d different LPARs.\n"
		       "Ensure that the disk is not being used by a system outside your LPAR.\n"
		       "Note: Your installation might include z/VM systems that are configured to\n"
		       "automatically vary on disks, regardless of whether they are subsequently used.\n",
		       info->devname, count);

	if (!info->testmode) {
		if (!info->withoutprompt) {
			printf("\n");
			if (mode != EXPAND)
				printf("--->> ATTENTION! <<---\nAll data of "
				       "that device will be lost.\n");
			printf("Type \"yes\" to continue, no will leave the "
			       "disk untouched: ");
			if (fgets(inp_buffer, sizeof(inp_buffer), stdin) == NULL)
				return;
			if (strcasecmp(inp_buffer, "yes") &&
			    strcasecmp(inp_buffer, "yes\n")) {
				printf("Omitting ioctl call (disk will "
					"NOT be formatted).\n");
				return;
			}
		}

		switch (mode) {
		case FULL:
			dasdfmt_prepare_and_format(info, cylinders, heads, p);
			break;
		case QUICK:
			dasdfmt_quick_format(info, cylinders, heads, p);
			break;
		case EXPAND:
			dasdfmt_expand_format(info, cylinders, heads, p);
			break;
		}

		printf("Finished formatting the device.\n");

		if (!(info->writenolabel || mode == EXPAND))
			dasdfmt_write_labels(info, vlabel, cylinders, heads);

		printf("Rereading the partition table... ");
		if (reread_partition_table()) {
			ERRMSG("%s: error during rereading the partition "
			       "table: %s.\n", prog_name, strerror(errno));
		} else {
			printf("ok\n");
		}
	}
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	dasdfmt_info_t info = {
		.dasd_info = {0},
		{0}
	};
	volume_label_t vlabel;
	char old_volser[7];

	char dev_filename[PATH_MAX];
	char str[ERR_LENGTH];
	char buf[7];

	char *blksize_param_str = NULL;
	char *reqsize_param_str = NULL;
	char *hashstep_str      = NULL;

	int rc;
	unsigned int cylinders, heads;

	/* Establish a handler for interrupt signals. */
	signal(SIGTERM, program_interrupt_signal);
	signal(SIGINT,  program_interrupt_signal);
	signal(SIGQUIT, program_interrupt_signal);

	/******************* initialization ********************/
	prog_name = argv[0];

	util_prg_init(&prg);
	util_opt_init(opt_vec, NULL);

	/* set default values */
	vtoc_volume_label_init(&vlabel);

	format_params.blksize   = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE;
	format_params.intensity = DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT;

	mode = FULL;

	/*************** parse parameters **********************/

	while (1) {
		rc = util_opt_getopt_long(argc, argv);

		switch (rc) {
		case 'F':
			info.force = 1;
			break;
		case 'd':
			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "cdl") == 0) {
				format_params.intensity |= DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT;
				if (info.writenolabel) {
					printf("WARNING: using the cdl "
					       "format without writing a "
					       "label doesn't make much "
					       "sense!\n");
					exit(1);
				}
			} else if (strcasecmp(optarg, "ldl") == 0) {
				format_params.intensity &= ~DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT;
			} else {
				printf("%s is not a valid option!\n", optarg);
				exit(1);
			}
			info.layout_specified = 1;
			break;
		case 'y':
			info.withoutprompt = 1;
			break;
		case OPT_NOZERO:
			format_params.intensity |= DASD_FMT_INT_FMT_NOR0;
			break;
		case 't':
			info.testmode = 1;
			break;
		case 'p':
			if (!(info.print_hashmarks || info.print_percentage))
				info.print_progressbar = 1;
			break;
		case 'm':
			if (!(info.print_progressbar || info.print_percentage)) {
				hashstep_str = optarg;
				info.print_hashmarks = 1;
			}
			break;
		case 'P':
			if (!(info.print_hashmarks || info.print_progressbar))
				info.print_percentage = 1;
			break;
		case 'v':
			info.verbosity = 1;
			break;
		case 'h':
			util_prg_print_help();
			util_opt_print_help();
			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
		case 'V':
			util_prg_print_version();
			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
		case 'l':
			strncpy(buf, optarg, 6);
			if (check_volser(buf, 0) < 0)
				break;
			vtoc_volume_label_set_volser(&vlabel, buf);
			info.labelspec = 1;
			break;
		case 'L':
			if (format_params.intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT) {
				printf("WARNING: using the cdl format "
				       "without writing a label doesn't "
				       "make much sense!\n");
				exit(1);
			}
			info.writenolabel = 1;
			break;
		case 'b':
			blksize_param_str = optarg;
			info.blksize_specified = 1;
			break;
		case 'r':
			reqsize_param_str = optarg;
			info.reqsize_specified = 1;
			break;
		case 'k':
			info.keep_volser = 1;
			break;
		case 'C':
			info.force_host = 1;
			break;
		case 'M':
			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "full") == 0)
				mode = FULL;
			else if (strcasecmp(optarg, "quick") == 0)
				mode = QUICK;
			else if (strcasecmp(optarg, "expand") == 0)
				mode = EXPAND;
			else
				ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
					    "%s: The specified mode '%s' is "
					    "invalid. Consult the man page for "
					    "more information.\n",
					    prog_name, optarg);
			break;
		case OPT_CHECK:
			info.check = 1;
			break;
		case -1:
			/* End of options string - start of devices list */
			info.device_id = optind;
			break;
		default:
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "Try '%s --help' for more"
				    " information.\n", prog_name);
		}

		if (rc == -1)
			break; /* exit loop if finished */
	}

	CHECK_SPEC_MAX_ONCE(info.blksize_specified, "blocksize");
	CHECK_SPEC_MAX_ONCE(info.labelspec, "label");
	CHECK_SPEC_MAX_ONCE(info.writenolabel, "omit-label-writing flag");

	if (info.blksize_specified)
		PARSE_PARAM_INTO(format_params.blksize, blksize_param_str, 10,
				 "blocksize");
	if (info.reqsize_specified) {
		PARSE_PARAM_INTO(reqsize, reqsize_param_str, 10, "requestsize");
		if (reqsize < 1 || reqsize > 255)
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
				    "invalid requestsize %d specified\n",
				    reqsize);
	} else {
		reqsize = DEFAULT_REQUESTSIZE;
	}

	if (info.print_hashmarks)
		PARSE_PARAM_INTO(info.hashstep, hashstep_str, 10, "hashstep");

	get_device_name(&info, dev_filename, argc, argv);

	filedes = open(info.devname, O_RDWR);
	if (filedes == -1)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Unable to open device %s: %s\n",
			    prog_name, info.devname, strerror(errno));

	get_device_info(&info);

	/* Either let the user specify the blksize or get it from the kernel */
	if (!info.blksize_specified) {
		if (!(mode == FULL ||
		      info.dasd_info.format == DASD_FORMAT_NONE) || info.check)
			get_blocksize(&format_params.blksize);
		else
			format_params = ask_user_for_blksize(format_params);
	}

	if (info.keep_volser) {
		if (info.labelspec) {
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "%s: The -k and -l options "
				    "are mutually exclusive\n", prog_name);
		}
		if (!(format_params.intensity & DASD_FMT_INT_COMPAT)) {
			printf("WARNING: VOLSER cannot be kept "
			       "when using the ldl format!\n");
			exit(1);
		}

		if (dasdfmt_get_volser(&info, old_volser) == 0)
			vtoc_volume_label_set_volser(&vlabel, old_volser);
		else
			ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE,
				    "%s: VOLSER not found on device %s\n",
				    prog_name, info.devname);
	}

	check_disk(&info);

	if (check_param(str, ERR_LENGTH, &format_params) < 0)
		ERRMSG_EXIT(EXIT_MISUSE, "%s: %s\n", prog_name, str);

	set_geo(&info, &cylinders, &heads);
	set_label(&info, &vlabel, &format_params, cylinders);

	if (info.check)
		check_disk_format(&info, cylinders, heads, &format_params);
	else
		do_format_dasd(&info, &vlabel, &format_params, cylinders, heads);

	if (close(filedes) != 0)
		ERRMSG("%s: error during close: %s\ncontinuing...\n",
		       prog_name, strerror(errno));

	return 0;
}