42 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
42 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
# Running containerd as a non-root user
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A non-root user can execute containerd by using [`user_namespaces(7)`](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/user_namespaces.7.html).
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For example [RootlessKit](https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit) can be used for setting up a user namespace (along with mount namespace and optionally network namespace). Please refer to RootlessKit documentation for further information.
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## Daemon
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```console
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$ rootlesskit --net=slirp4netns --copy-up=/etc \
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--state-dir=/run/user/1001/rootlesskit-containerd \
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containerd -c config.toml
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```
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* `--net=slirp4netns --copy-up=/etc` is only required when you want to unshare network namespaces
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* Depending on the containerd plugin configuration, you may also need to add more `--copy-up` options, e.g. `--copy-up=/run`, which mounts a writable tmpfs on `/run`, with symbolic links to the files under the `/run` on the parent namespace.
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* `--state-dir` is set to a random directory under `/tmp` if unset. RootlessKit writes the PID to a file named `child_pid` under this directory.
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* You need to provide `config.toml` with your own path configuration. e.g.
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```toml
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root = "/home/penguin/.local/share/containerd"
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state = "/run/user/1001/containerd"
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[grpc]
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address = "/run/user/1001/containerd/containerd.sock"
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[plugins]
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[plugins.linux]
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runtime_root = "/run/user/1001/containerd/runc"
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```
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## Client
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A client program such as `ctr` also needs to be executed inside the daemon namespaces.
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```console
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$ nsenter -U --preserve-credentials -m -n -t $(cat /run/user/1001/rootlesskit-containerd/child_pid)
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$ export CONTAINERD_SNAPSHOTTER=native
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$ ctr -a /run/user/1001/containerd/containerd.sock pull docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest
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$ ctr -a /run/user/1001/containerd/containerd.sock run -t --rm --fifo-dir /tmp/foo-fifo --cgroup "" docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest foo
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```
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* `overlayfs` snapshotter does not work inside user namespaces, except on Ubuntu kernel
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