Add MD.Clone

Signed-off-by: Jin Dong <djdongjin95@gmail.com>

metadata.go

@@ -62,6 +62,34 @@ func (m MD) Append(key string, values ...string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Clone returns a copy of MD or nil if it's nil.
+// It's copied from golang's `http.Header.Clone` implementation:
+// https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/refs/tags/go1.23.4:src/net/http/header.go;l=94
+func (m MD) Clone() MD {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Find total number of values.
+	nv := 0
+	for _, vv := range m {
+		nv += len(vv)
+	}
+	sv := make([]string, nv) // shared backing array for headers' values
+	m2 := make(MD, len(m))
+	for k, vv := range m {
+		if vv == nil {
+			// Preserve nil values.
+			m2[k] = nil
+			continue
+		}
+		n := copy(sv, vv)
+		m2[k] = sv[:n:n]
+		sv = sv[n:]
+	}
+	return m2
+}
+
 func (m MD) setRequest(r *Request) {
 	for k, values := range m {
 		for _, v := range values {

metadata_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ package ttrpc
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -106,3 +108,100 @@ func TestMetadataContext(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid metadata value: %q", bar)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMetadataClone(t *testing.T) {
+	var metadata MD
+	m2 := metadata.Clone()
+	if m2 != nil {
+		t.Error("MD.Clone() on nil metadata should return nil")
+	}
+
+	metadata = MD{"nil": nil, "foo": {"bar"}, "baz": {"qux", "quxx"}}
+	m2 = metadata.Clone()
+
+	if len(metadata) != len(m2) {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected number of keys: %d, expected: %d", len(m2), len(metadata))
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range metadata {
+		v2, ok := m2[k]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Errorf("key not found: %s", k)
+		}
+		if v == nil && v2 == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if v == nil || v2 == nil {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected nil value: %v, expected: %v", v2, v)
+		}
+		if len(v) != len(v2) {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected number of values: %d, expected: %d", len(v2), len(v))
+		}
+		for i := range v {
+			if v[i] != v2[i] {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected value: %s, expected: %s", v2[i], v[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetadataCloneConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	metadata := make(MD)
+	metadata.Set("foo", "bar")
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			m2 := metadata.Clone()
+			m2.Set("foo", "baz")
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	// Concurrent modification should clone the metadata first to avoid panic
+	// due to concurrent map writes.
+	if val, ok := metadata.Get("foo"); !ok {
+		t.Error("metadata not found")
+	} else if val[0] != "bar" {
+		t.Errorf("invalid metadata value: %q", val[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func simpleClone(src MD) MD {
+	md := MD{}
+	for k, v := range src {
+		md[k] = append(md[k], v...)
+	}
+	return md
+}
+
+func BenchmarkMetadataClone(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, sz := range []int{5, 10, 20, 50} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", sz), func(b *testing.B) {
+			metadata := make(MD)
+			for i := 0; i < sz; i++ {
+				metadata.Set("foo"+fmt.Sprint(i), "bar"+fmt.Sprint(i))
+			}
+
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_ = metadata.Clone()
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSimpleMetadataClone(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, sz := range []int{5, 10, 20, 50} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", sz), func(b *testing.B) {
+			metadata := make(MD)
+			for i := 0; i < sz; i++ {
+				metadata.Set("foo"+fmt.Sprint(i), "bar"+fmt.Sprint(i))
+			}
+
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_ = simpleClone(metadata)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}