Verus verification

Extend the Azure Policy parser to handle complete policyRule and
policyDefinition JSON structures, not just standalone constraints.

Policy rule parser (policy_rule.rs):
- Parse top-level { "if": ..., "then": ... } objects
- Extract effect kind (deny, audit, append, modify, etc.) into typed AST
- Parse "details" structurally when it is an object to pull out
  existenceCondition as a first-class Constraint; fall back to opaque
  JSON for non-object details (e.g. append array form)
- Detect duplicate/missing keys for "if", "then", "effect", "details"

Policy definition parser (policy_definition.rs):
- Handle both wrapped ARM envelope ({ "properties": { ... } }) and
  unwrapped (properties-level keys at top level) forms
- Type-extract displayName, description, mode, metadata, parameters,
  and policyRule; everything else goes into extra
- Parse parameter definitions with type, defaultValue, allowedValues,
  and metadata; detect duplicate parameter names
- Duplicate key detection throughout

Grammar documentation (docs/azure-policy/azurepolicy.ebnf):
- Add formal EBNF grammar covering policy-rule, then-block,
  constraints, conditions, all 19 operators, count expressions,
  JSON values, and ARM template expressions

Test harness changes:
- Add parse_level field to YAML test cases: "constraint" (default),
  "policy_rule", or "policy_definition"
- Un-skip three parse_errors cases that needed policy_rule-level parsing
- Add policy_rule.yaml with 12 cases covering all 9 effect kinds,
  existenceCondition, parameterized effects, complex conditions, and
  extra key handling
- Add policy_definition.yaml with wrapped, unwrapped, parameterized,
  missing-policyRule, and duplicate-key error cases

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 # To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
 # package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
 # Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
@@ -5,7 +7,95 @@
 
 version: 2
 updates:
+  # All Rust/Cargo directories are grouped into a single entry so that
+  # when a dependency is updated, Dependabot bumps it across the root
+  # workspace AND every binding, preventing version skew.
   - package-ecosystem: "cargo"
-    directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
+    directories:
+      - "/"
+      - "/bindings/ffi"
+      - "/bindings/java"
+      - "/bindings/python"
+      - "/bindings/ruby"
+      - "/bindings/wasm"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "build(deps)"
+    groups:
+      # Bundle all Cargo dependency updates into a single PR. Without this,
+      # dependabot creates a separate PR per directory for the same dependency,
+      # and each individual PR fails to build due to version skew.
+      rust-dependencies:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+    # Ignore vendored mimalloc crates; updates are managed manually.
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "regorus-mimalloc"
+      - dependency-name: "regorus-mimalloc-sys"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/bindings/go"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "build(deps)"
+    groups:
+      per-dependency:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
+    directory: "/bindings/java"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "build(deps)"
+    groups:
+      per-dependency:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "nuget"
+    directory: "/bindings/csharp"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "build(deps)"
+    groups:
+      per-dependency:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/bindings/python"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "build(deps)"
+    groups:
+      per-dependency:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "bundler"
+    directory: "/bindings/ruby"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "build(deps)"
+    groups:
+      per-dependency:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "ci(deps)"
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: "CodeQL Security Analysis"
 
 on:
@@ -60,14 +62,14 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
     # Setup language-specific dependencies BEFORE CodeQL init for proper tracing setup
     - name: Setup Rust
       uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
 
     - name: Cache cargo
-      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
       with:
         shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
 
@@ -84,26 +86,26 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Setup Python
       if: matrix.language == 'python'
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: '3.10'
 
     - name: Setup Java
       if: matrix.language == 'java-kotlin'
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-java@be666c2fcd27ec809703dec50e508c2fdc7f6654 # v5.2.0
       with:
         distribution: 'corretto'
         java-version: '8'
 
     - name: Setup Go
       if: matrix.language == 'go'
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
       with:
         go-version: '1.21'
 
     - name: Setup .NET
       if: matrix.language == 'csharp'
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@c2fa09f4bde5ebb9d1777cf28262a3eb3db3ced7 # v5.2.0
       with:
         global-json-file: ./bindings/csharp/global.json
 
@@ -113,12 +115,12 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Setup Node.js
       if: matrix.language == 'javascript-typescript'
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6.3.0
       with:
         node-version: '18'
 
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Setup Ruby
       if: matrix.language == 'rust' && contains(matrix.working-directory, 'ruby')
-      uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+      uses: ruby/setup-ruby@3ff19f5e2baf30647122352b96108b1fbe250c64 # v1.299.0
       with:
         ruby-version: '3.4.2'
         bundler-cache: true
@@ -186,6 +188,6 @@ jobs:
       run: cargo xtask build-wasm --release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1
       with:
         category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/dependabot-refresh-cargo-lockfiles.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
+name: dependabot/refresh-cargo-lockfiles
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    branches: ["main"]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: dependabot-refresh-cargo-lockfiles-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  refresh-cargo-lockfiles:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    if: >-
+      github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'dependabot[bot]' &&
+      github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+        with:
+          repository: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain
+        run: |
+          rustup toolchain install 1.92.0 --profile minimal
+          rustup override set 1.92.0
+          cargo --version
+          rustc --version
+
+      - name: Refresh affected Cargo lockfiles
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          base_sha="${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}"
+          head_sha="${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
+
+          mapfile -t changed_files < <(git diff --name-only "$base_sha" "$head_sha" -- ':(glob)**/Cargo.toml' ':(glob)**/Cargo.lock')
+
+          if [ "${#changed_files[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "No Cargo manifest or lockfile changes detected."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          declare -A manifests=()
+          for path in "${changed_files[@]}"; do
+            case "$path" in
+              bindings/ffi/*)
+                manifests["bindings/ffi/Cargo.toml"]=1
+                ;;
+              bindings/java/*)
+                manifests["bindings/java/Cargo.toml"]=1
+                ;;
+              bindings/python/*)
+                manifests["bindings/python/Cargo.toml"]=1
+                ;;
+              bindings/ruby/*)
+                manifests["bindings/ruby/Cargo.toml"]=1
+                ;;
+              bindings/wasm/*)
+                manifests["bindings/wasm/Cargo.toml"]=1
+                ;;
+              *)
+                manifests["Cargo.toml"]=1
+                ;;
+            esac
+          done
+
+          for manifest in "${!manifests[@]}"; do
+            echo "Refreshing lockfile for $manifest"
+            cargo metadata \
+              --config 'build.rustc="rustc"' \
+              --config 'build.rustc-wrapper=""' \
+              --config 'build.rustc-workspace-wrapper=""' \
+              --format-version 1 \
+              --all-features \
+              --manifest-path "$manifest" > /dev/null
+          done
+
+          if [[ -n "${manifests[Cargo.toml]+x}" ]]; then
+            echo "Refreshing lockfile for tests/ensure_no_std/Cargo.toml (thumbv7m-none-eabi)"
+            cargo metadata \
+              --config 'build.rustc="rustc"' \
+              --config 'build.rustc-wrapper=""' \
+              --config 'build.rustc-workspace-wrapper=""' \
+              --format-version 1 \
+              --manifest-path tests/ensure_no_std/Cargo.toml \
+              --filter-platform thumbv7m-none-eabi > /dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: Commit lockfile refresh
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          mapfile -t lockfiles < <(git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -- ':(glob)**/Cargo.lock')
+
+          for lockfile in "${lockfiles[@]}"; do
+            git add "$lockfile"
+          done
+
+          if git diff --cached --quiet; then
+            echo "No Cargo lockfile changes required."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          auth_header=$(printf 'x-access-token:%s' "$GH_TOKEN" | base64 | tr -d '\n')
+          trap 'git config --unset-all http.https://github.com/.extraheader' EXIT
+          git config http.https://github.com/.extraheader "AUTHORIZATION: basic ${auth_header}"
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git commit -m "build(deps): refresh Cargo lockfiles"
+          git push origin HEAD:${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}

.github/workflows/dependency-audit.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: Dependency Audits
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 6 * * 1"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  cargo-audit:
+    name: Cargo Audit (${{ matrix.lockfile }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        lockfile:
+          - Cargo.lock
+          - bindings/ffi/Cargo.lock
+          - bindings/java/Cargo.lock
+          - bindings/python/Cargo.lock
+          - bindings/ruby/Cargo.lock
+          - bindings/wasm/Cargo.lock
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Run cargo audit
+        uses: rustsec/audit-check@v2
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          lockfile: ${{ matrix.lockfile }}
+
+  cargo-deny:
+    name: Cargo Deny (${{ matrix.manifest }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        manifest:
+          - Cargo.toml
+          - bindings/ffi/Cargo.toml
+          - bindings/java/Cargo.toml
+          - bindings/python/Cargo.toml
+          - bindings/ruby/Cargo.toml
+          - bindings/ruby/ext/regorusrb/Cargo.toml
+          - bindings/wasm/Cargo.toml
+          - tests/ensure_no_std/Cargo.toml
+          - xtask/Cargo.toml
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup Rust
+        uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
+
+      - name: Run cargo deny
+        uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
+        with:
+          command: check
+          command-arguments: advisories bans
+          manifest-path: ${{ matrix.manifest }}

.github/workflows/feature-matrix.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Thorough weekly test of non-default feature combinations.
+# Catches regressions from dependency updates and feature-gating issues
+# that the fast PR CI checks (cargo check only) would miss at runtime.
+name: tests/feature-matrix
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    # Run at 3:42 AM UTC every Saturday.
+    - cron: "42 3 * * 6"
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  feature-matrix:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Bare minimum: validates that the core interpreter works
+          # without any builtins or optional subsystems.
+          - name: minimal (std + arc)
+            features: std,arc
+
+          # Common library usage pattern (issue #595): consumer enables
+          # std + arc + rvm and relies on indexmap/std propagation.
+          - name: library (std + arc + rvm)
+            features: std,arc,rvm
+
+          # New default after removing mimalloc from full-opa.
+          # Ensures all builtins compile without the allocator.
+          - name: full-opa (no mimalloc)
+            features: std,arc,full-opa
+
+          # Binding-style usage: full-opa with the vendored allocator.
+          # Mirrors how ffi/java/python/ruby bindings are built.
+          - name: full-opa + allocator
+            features: std,arc,full-opa,allocator-memory-limits
+
+          # Selective builtins without full-opa: validates that popular
+          # features can be cherry-picked independently.
+          - name: cherry-picked builtins
+            features: std,arc,rvm,regex,time,semver,cache
+
+          # Observability features only: coverage + cache without the
+          # heavier builtins (regex, time, etc.).
+          - name: observability
+            features: std,arc,rvm,coverage,cache
+
+          # Azure Policy adds jsonschema + dashmap; test it compiles
+          # and runs on top of full-opa.
+          - name: azure-policy
+            features: std,arc,full-opa,azure_policy
+
+          # Azure RBAC adds regex + time + net on top of full-opa.
+          - name: azure-rbac
+            features: std,arc,full-opa,azure-rbac
+
+          # no_std with the OPA-compatible feature set: exercises the
+          # spin_no_std codepath and absence of std-only dependencies.
+          - name: no_std
+            features: arc,opa-no-std
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - name: Setup Rust toolchain
+      uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
+    - name: Cache cargo
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+      with:
+        shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus-features
+    - name: Fetch dependencies
+      run: cargo fetch --locked
+    - name: Build
+      run: cargo build --no-default-features --features "${{ matrix.features }}" --frozen
+    - name: Test
+      run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "${{ matrix.features }}" --frozen

.github/workflows/miri.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: miri
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    # Run at 6:30 AM UTC every Wednesday
+    - cron: "30 6 * * 3"
+
+jobs:
+  miri-test:
+    name: miri (nightly)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      MIRIFLAGS: "-Zmiri-disable-isolation"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
+        with:
+          toolchain: nightly
+          components: miri rust-src
+      - name: Set up Miri
+        run: cargo miri setup
+      - name: Run Miri tests
+        run: cargo miri test -p regorus
+      - name: Run Miri ACI tests
+        run: cargo miri test -p regorus --test aci
+      - name: Run Miri kata tests
+        run: cargo miri test -p regorus --test kata

.github/workflows/pr-extensions.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: tests/release-extensions
 
 on:
@@ -18,11 +20,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - name: Setup Rust toolchain
       uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
     - name: Cache cargo
-      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
       with:
         shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
     - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/pr.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: tests/release
 
 on:
@@ -18,11 +20,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - name: Setup Rust toolchain
       uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
     - name: Cache cargo
-      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
       with:
         shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
     - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/publish-java.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: publish-java
 
-on: workflow_dispatch
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -32,10 +35,10 @@ jobs:
             os: windows-latest
             extension: dll
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@dded0888837ed1f317902acf8a20df0ad188d165 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@be666c2fcd27ec809703dec50e508c2fdc7f6654 # v5.2.0
         with:
           java-version: 8
           distribution: "corretto"
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
       - if: ${{ matrix.build_cmd == 'zigbuild' }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - if: ${{ matrix.build_cmd == 'zigbuild' }}
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: cargo ${{ matrix.build_cmd || 'build' }} --release --frozen --target ${{ matrix.target }}${{ matrix.glibc && format('.{0}', matrix.glibc) || '' }} --manifest-path ./bindings/java/Cargo.toml
       - run: mkdir -p native/${{ matrix.target }}
       - run: mv target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/*.${{ matrix.extension }} ./native/${{ matrix.target }}/
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: native-libraries-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: native/
@@ -63,24 +66,24 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@dded0888837ed1f317902acf8a20df0ad188d165 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@be666c2fcd27ec809703dec50e508c2fdc7f6654 # v5.2.0
         with:
           java-version: 8
           distribution: "corretto"
           server-id: ossrh
           server-username: MAVEN_USERNAME
           server-password: MAVEN_PASSWORD
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           pattern: native-libraries-*
           merge-multiple: true
           path: ./bindings/java/native/
       - run: mvn package
         working-directory: ./bindings/java
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: built-jars
           path: ./bindings/java/target/regorus-java-*.jar

.github/workflows/publish-python.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 # This file is autogenerated by maturin v1.4.0
 # To update, run
 #
@@ -18,8 +20,8 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         target: [x86_64, x86, aarch64, armv7, s390x, ppc64le]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: '3.10'
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
@@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: bindings/python
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@63b75c597b83e247fbf4fb7719801cc4220ae9f3 # v1.43.0
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@04ac600d27cdf7a9a280dadf7147097c42b757ad # v1.43.0
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
           args: --release --out dist --manifest-path bindings/python/Cargo.toml --offline --strip
           sccache: 'true'
           manylinux: auto
       - name: Upload wheels
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: wheels-linux-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         target: [x64, x86]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: '3.10'
           architecture: ${{ matrix.target }}
@@ -65,13 +67,13 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: bindings/python
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@63b75c597b83e247fbf4fb7719801cc4220ae9f3 # v1.43.0
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@04ac600d27cdf7a9a280dadf7147097c42b757ad # v1.43.0
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
           args: --release --out dist --manifest-path bindings/python/Cargo.toml --frozen --strip
           sccache: 'true'
       - name: Upload wheels
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: wheels-windows-${{ matrix.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -82,8 +84,8 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         target: [x86_64, aarch64, universal2-apple-darwin]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: '3.10'
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
@@ -96,13 +98,13 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: bindings/python
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@63b75c597b83e247fbf4fb7719801cc4220ae9f3 # v1.43.0
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@04ac600d27cdf7a9a280dadf7147097c42b757ad # v1.43.0
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
           args: --release --out dist --manifest-path bindings/python/Cargo.toml --offline --strip
           sccache: 'true'
       - name: Upload wheels
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: wheels-macos-${{ matrix.host.target }}
           path: dist
@@ -114,13 +116,13 @@ jobs:
     # if: "startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')"
     needs: [linux, windows, macos]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           pattern: wheels-*
           merge-multiple: true
           path: wheels
       - name: Publish to PyPI
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@63b75c597b83e247fbf4fb7719801cc4220ae9f3 # v1.43.0
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@04ac600d27cdf7a9a280dadf7147097c42b757ad # v1.43.0
         env:
           MATURIN_PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
         with:

.github/workflows/publish-wasm.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: publish-wasm
 
 permissions:
   pull-requests: write
   contents: write
 
-on: workflow_dispatch
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
   publish-wasm:
@@ -12,11 +15,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       # Setup .npmrc file to publish to npm
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6.3.0
         with:
           node-version: '20.x'
           registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'

.github/workflows/release-plz.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: Release-plz
 
 permissions:
   pull-requests: write
   contents: write
 
-on: workflow_dispatch
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
   release-plz:
@@ -14,13 +17,13 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Run release-plz
-        uses: MarcoIeni/release-plz-action@8724d33cd97b8295051102e2e19ca592962238f5 #v0.5.108
+        uses: MarcoIeni/release-plz-action@1528104d2ca23787631a1c1f022abb64b34c1e11 # v0.5.128
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/rust-clippy.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 # This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub.
 # They are provided by a third-party and are governed by
 # separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support
@@ -30,12 +32,12 @@ jobs:
       actions: read # only required for a private repository by github/codeql-action/upload-sarif to get the Action run status
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
 
@@ -47,10 +49,10 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run rust-clippy
         run: cargo xtask clippy --sarif rust-clippy-results.sarif
-        continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Upload analysis results to GitHub
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@c298edae2d512d807fe4bdc57c0ac5a036f61501 # v3.29.11
+        if: ${{ hashFiles('rust-clippy-results.sarif') != '' }}
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v3.29.11
         with:
           sarif_file: rust-clippy-results.sarif
           wait-for-processing: true

.github/workflows/test-c-cpp.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/c-cpp
 
 on:
@@ -14,13 +16,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/test-csharp.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/csharp
 
 on:
@@ -37,14 +39,14 @@ jobs:
               **/release/libregorus_ffi.dylib
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
         with:
           targets: ${{ matrix.runtime.target }}
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo xtask build-ffi --release --target ${{ matrix.runtime.target }}
         
       - name: Upload regorus ffi shared library
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: regorus-ffi-artifacts-${{ matrix.runtime.target }}
           # Note: The full path of each artifact relative to . is preserved.
@@ -71,18 +73,18 @@ jobs:
     needs: build-ffi
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0  
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
-      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@3e891b0cb619bf60e2c25674b222b8940e2c1c25 # v4.1.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@c2fa09f4bde5ebb9d1777cf28262a3eb3db3ced7 # v5.2.0
         with:
           global-json-file: ./bindings/csharp/global.json
 
       - run: echo '${{ steps.stepid.outputs.dotnet-version }}'
 
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
 
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo fetch --locked
 
       - name: Download regorus ffi shared libraries
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           pattern: regorus-ffi-artifacts-*
           merge-multiple: true
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo xtask build-csharp --release --clean --artifacts-dir ./bindings/csharp/Regorus/tmp/bindings/ffi/target --enforce-artifacts --repository-commit ${{ github.sha }} --include-symbols
 
       - name: Upload Regorus nuget
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: regorus-nuget
           path: |
@@ -129,20 +131,20 @@ jobs:
             target: aarch64-apple-darwin
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@3e891b0cb619bf60e2c25674b222b8940e2c1c25 # v4.1.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@c2fa09f4bde5ebb9d1777cf28262a3eb3db3ced7 # v5.2.0
         with:
           global-json-file: ./bindings/csharp/global.json
 
       - run: echo '${{ steps.stepid.outputs.dotnet-version }}'
 
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
 
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo fetch --locked
 
       - name: Download regorus nuget
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           name: regorus-nuget
           path: ./bindings/csharp/Regorus/bin/Release

.github/workflows/test-ffi.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/ffi
 
 on:
@@ -14,12 +16,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/test-go.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/go
 
 on:
@@ -14,12 +16,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Fetch FFI crate dependencies
         run: cargo fetch --locked --manifest-path bindings/ffi/Cargo.toml
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@41dfa10bad2bb2ae585af6ee5bb4d7d973ad74ed # v5.1.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
         with:
           architecture: x64
 

.github/workflows/test-java.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/java
 
 on:
@@ -14,17 +16,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@dded0888837ed1f317902acf8a20df0ad188d165 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@be666c2fcd27ec809703dec50e508c2fdc7f6654 # v5.2.0
         with:
           java-version: 8
           distribution: "corretto"
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/test-musl.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: musl
 
 on:
@@ -18,12 +20,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       with:
         targets: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
     - name: Cache cargo
-      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
       with:
         shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
     - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/test-no-std.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/no-std
 
 on:
@@ -18,12 +20,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       with:
         targets: thumbv7m-none-eabi
     - name: Cache cargo
-      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
       with:
         shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
     - name: Fetch dependencies

.github/workflows/test-python.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/python
 
 on:
@@ -21,14 +23,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.host.name }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
         with:
           targets: ${{ matrix.host.target }}
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Fetch Python crate dependencies
         run: cargo fetch --locked --manifest-path bindings/python/Cargo.toml --target ${{ matrix.host.target }}
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
           architecture: x64
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo xtask build-python --release --target ${{ matrix.host.target }} --target-dir bindings/python/dist --frozen
 
       - name: Upload wheel artefacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: regorus-wheel-${{ matrix.host.name }}
           path: bindings/python/dist/regorus-*.whl
@@ -63,12 +65,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.host }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Fetch Python crate dependencies
         run: cargo fetch --locked --manifest-path bindings/python/Cargo.toml
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
           architecture: x64

.github/workflows/test-ruby.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/ruby
 
 on:
@@ -12,12 +14,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup Ruby and Rust
-        uses: oxidize-rb/actions/setup-ruby-and-rust@7ca44a16e287e5ff7dd72ab53f4bd41cbf34a571 #v1.26
+        uses: oxidize-rb/actions/setup-ruby-and-rust@e5f9a49a7812a078584072f6e3f657ad247c8771 # v1.26
         with:
           bundler: 2.6.5
           rubygems: 3.6.5
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
           working-directory: "bindings/ruby"
 
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
 

.github/workflows/test-wasm.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: bindings/wasm
 
 on:
@@ -14,14 +16,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
       - name: Cache cargo
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
         with:
           shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
       - name: Fetch dependencies
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo fetch --locked --manifest-path bindings/wasm/Cargo.toml
 
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
+        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6.3.0
         with:
           node-version: 22
 

.github/workflows/tests-debug.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+#
 name: tests/debug
 
 on:
@@ -18,11 +20,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@08eba0b27e820071cde6df949e0beb9ba4906955 # v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
     - name: Setup Rust toolchain
       uses: ./.github/actions/toolchains/rust
     - name: Cache cargo
-      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@779680da715d629ac1d338a641029a2f4372abb5 # v2.8.2
+      uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
       with:
         shared-key: ${{ runner.os }}-regorus
     - name: Fetch dependencies

.gitignore

@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ bindings/ffi/regorus.ffi.hpp
 
 bindings/*/target
 
+# Temporary commit message files
+.commit-msg.txt
+
+# Local planning docs
+docs/plans/
+
 # C# build folders
 **bin
 **obj
@@ -48,3 +54,6 @@ bindings/ruby/bin/
 bindings/java/.classpath
 bindings/java/.project
 bindings/java/.settings/
+
+# Emacs temporary files
+*~

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+- Azure RBAC condition interpreter with builtin evaluation coverage and YAML test suite, including quantifier (ForAnyOfAnyValues/ForAllOfAllValues), datetime (DateTimeEquals), IP (IpInRange), GUID (GuidEquals), list (ListContains), and string (StringEquals) semantics.
+- FFI surface for Azure RBAC condition evaluation (see bindings changelog for language-specific wrappers).
+
+### Changed
+- [**breaking**] Switch RVM binary serialization to postcard, bump the format to v4, and mark v1-3 loads as partial (recompile required).
+
 ## [0.9.1](https://github.com/microsoft/regorus/compare/regorus-v0.9.0...regorus-v0.9.1) - 2026-02-06
 
 ### Fixed

Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ license = "MIT AND Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause"
 repository = "https://github.com/microsoft/regorus"
 keywords = ["interpreter", "no_std", "opa", "policy-as-code", "rego"]
 
+# Enable verification with Verus
+
+[package.metadata.verus]
+verify = true
+
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [lib]
@@ -24,8 +29,8 @@ default = ["full-opa", "arc", "rvm"]
 
 arc = []
 ast = []
-azure_policy = ["dep:jsonschema", "arc", "dashmap"]
-azure-rbac = []
+azure_policy = ["dep:jsonschema", "dep:chrono", "dep:ipnet", "dep:icu_casemap", "dep:hashbrown", "arc", "dashmap"]
+azure-rbac = ["regex", "time", "net"]
 base64 = ["dep:data-encoding"]
 base64url = ["dep:data-encoding"]
 coverage = []
@@ -39,10 +44,11 @@ net = ["dep:ipnet"]
 no_std = ["lazy_static/spin_no_std"]
 opa-runtime = []
 regex = ["dep:regex"]
-rvm = ["dep:bincode", "dep:indexmap"]
+cache = ["dep:lru"]
+rvm = ["dep:postcard", "dep:indexmap"]
 semver = ["dep:semver"]
 allocator-memory-limits = ["std", "mimalloc", "mimalloc/allocator-memory-limits"]
-std = ["rand/std", "rand/std_rng", "serde_json/std", "msvc_spectre_libs" ]
+std = ["rand/std", "rand/std_rng", "serde_json/std", "indexmap?/std", "msvc_spectre_libs", "dep:parking_lot" ]
 time = ["dep:chrono", "dep:chrono-tz"]
 uuid = ["dep:uuid"]
 urlquery = ["dep:url"]
@@ -56,11 +62,10 @@ full-opa = [
     "hex",
     "http",
     "jsonschema",
-    "allocator-memory-limits",
-    "mimalloc",
     "net",
     "opa-runtime",
     "regex",
+    "cache",
     "semver",
     "std",
     "time",
@@ -96,42 +101,49 @@ opa-testutil = []
 rand = ["dep:rand"]
 
 [dependencies]
-anyhow = { version = "1.0.45", default-features = false }
+anyhow = { version = "1.0.102", default-features = false }
 serde = {version = "1.0.150", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "rc", "alloc"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.89", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+hashbrown = { version = "0.16", default-features = false, features = ["default-hasher"], optional = true }
 lazy_static =  { version = "1.4.0", default-features = false }
 thiserror = { version = "2.0", default-features = false }
 
 data-encoding = { version = "2.8.0", optional = true, default-features=false, features = ["alloc"] }
 num-bigint = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
 num-traits = { version = "0.2", default-features = false }
-spin = { version = "0.9.8", default-features = false, features = ["mutex", "spin_mutex"] }
+parking_lot = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
+spin = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false, features = ["mutex", "spin_mutex"] }
 
 globset = { version = "0.4.16", features = ["simd-accel"], default-features = false, optional = true }
-regex = {version = "1.11.1", optional = true, default-features = false }
+regex = {version = "1.12.3", optional = true, default-features = false }
 semver = {version = "1.0.25", optional = true, default-features = false }
 url = { version = "2.5.4", optional = true }
-uuid = { version = "1.15.1", default-features = false, features = ["v4", "fast-rng"], optional = true }
-jsonschema = { version = "0.30.0", default-features = false, optional = true }
-chrono = { version = "0.4.40", optional = true }
+uuid = { version = "1.22.0", default-features = false, features = ["v4", "fast-rng"], optional = true }
+jsonschema = { version = "0.45.0", default-features = false, optional = true }
+chrono = { version = "0.4.44", optional = true }
 chrono-tz = { version = "0.10.1", optional = true }
-ipnet = { version = "2.11.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
+ipnet = { version = "2.12.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
+icu_casemap = { version = "2.1", optional = true, default-features = false, features = ["compiled_data"] }
 
 serde_yaml = {version = "0.9.16", default-features = false, optional = true }
 # Specify thread_rng for in order to use random_range
-rand = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false, features = ["thread_rng"], optional = true }
+rand = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false, features = ["thread_rng"], optional = true }
 
 # Causes the project to link with the Spectre-mitigated CRT and libs.
 msvc_spectre_libs = { version = "0.1", features = ["error"], optional = true }
 dashmap = { version = "6.1", default-features = false, optional = true }
+lru = { version = "0.16", default-features = false, optional = true }
 mimalloc = { package = "regorus-mimalloc", path = "mimalloc", version = "2.2.6", optional = true }
 
 # rvm related deps
 indexmap = { version = "2.12.1", default-features = false, features = ["serde"], optional = true }
-bincode = { version = "2.0.1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "serde"], optional = true }
+postcard = { version = "1.1.3", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"], optional = true }
+
+# Use Verus for verification
+vstd = { version = "0.0.0-2026-03-17-2326" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0.45"
+anyhow = "1.0.102"
 cfg-if = "1.0.0"
 clap = { version = "4.5.53", features = ["derive"] }
 prettydiff = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false }
@@ -189,6 +201,16 @@ harness = false
 name = "aci_benchmark"
 harness = false
 
+[[bench]]
+name = "rvm_benchmark"
+harness = false
+required-features = ["rvm"]
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "normalization_benchmark"
+harness = false
+required-features = ["azure_policy"]
+
 [[example]]
 name="regorus"
 harness=false
@@ -200,3 +222,6 @@ doctest=false
 # RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg docsrs" cargo +nightly doc --all-features --no-deps
 all-features = true
 rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(verus_keep_ghost)'] }

benches/normalization_benchmark.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+use std::hint::black_box;
+
+use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
+use regorus::languages::azure_policy::aliases::{denormalizer, normalizer, AliasRegistry};
+use regorus::Value;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+// ─── Alias catalog (reused across benchmarks) ───────────────────────────────
+
+const ALIASES_JSON: &str = r#"[
+  {
+    "namespace": "Microsoft.Network",
+    "resourceTypes": [
+      {
+        "resourceType": "networkSecurityGroups",
+        "aliases": [
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].protocol",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.protocol",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].access",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.access",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].priority",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.priority",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].direction",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.direction",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].sourceAddressPrefix",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.sourceAddressPrefix",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].destinationPortRange",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.destinationPortRange",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].name",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].name",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/defaultSecurityRules[*].protocol",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.defaultSecurityRules[*].properties.protocol",
+            "paths": []
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "namespace": "Microsoft.Storage",
+    "resourceTypes": [
+      {
+        "resourceType": "storageAccounts",
+        "aliases": [
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/supportsHttpsTrafficOnly",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.supportsHttpsTrafficOnly",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/accessTier",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.accessTier",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/isHnsEnabled",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.isHnsEnabled",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/minimumTlsVersion",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.minimumTlsVersion",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/allowBlobPublicAccess",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.allowBlobPublicAccess",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/sku.name",
+            "defaultPath": "sku.name",
+            "paths": []
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]"#;
+
+fn build_registry() -> AliasRegistry {
+    let mut reg = AliasRegistry::new();
+    reg.load_from_json(ALIASES_JSON).unwrap();
+    reg
+}
+
+/// Convert a serde_json::Value to regorus::Value.
+fn to_regorus(v: serde_json::Value) -> Value {
+    Value::from(v)
+}
+
+// ─── Input resources ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+fn simple_storage_resource() -> Value {
+    to_regorus(json!({
+        "name": "myStorageAccount",
+        "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
+        "location": "westus2",
+        "kind": "StorageV2",
+        "sku": { "name": "Standard_LRS", "tier": "Standard" },
+        "tags": { "environment": "production", "team": "platform" },
+        "properties": {
+            "supportsHttpsTrafficOnly": true,
+            "accessTier": "Hot",
+            "isHnsEnabled": false,
+            "minimumTlsVersion": "TLS1_2",
+            "allowBlobPublicAccess": false
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+fn nsg_resource(rule_count: usize) -> Value {
+    let rules: Vec<serde_json::Value> = (0..rule_count)
+        .map(|i| {
+            json!({
+                "name": format!("rule-{}", i),
+                "properties": {
+                    "protocol": "Tcp",
+                    "access": if i % 2 == 0 { "Allow" } else { "Deny" },
+                    "priority": 100 + i,
+                    "direction": "Inbound",
+                    "sourceAddressPrefix": format!("10.0.{}.0/24", i % 256),
+                    "destinationPortRange": format!("{}", 80 + i)
+                }
+            })
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    to_regorus(json!({
+        "name": "myNsg",
+        "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
+        "location": "eastus",
+        "properties": {
+            "securityRules": rules
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+// ─── Benchmarks ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+fn bench_normalize_simple(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let resource = simple_storage_resource();
+
+    c.bench_function("normalize/simple_storage", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| normalizer::normalize(black_box(&resource), Some(&registry), None))
+    });
+}
+
+fn bench_normalize_no_aliases(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let resource = simple_storage_resource();
+
+    c.bench_function("normalize/simple_no_aliases", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| normalizer::normalize(black_box(&resource), None, None))
+    });
+}
+
+fn bench_normalize_nsg_scaling(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("normalize/nsg_rules");
+
+    for rule_count in [5, 20, 100] {
+        let resource = nsg_resource(rule_count);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(rule_count),
+            &resource,
+            |b, res| b.iter(|| normalizer::normalize(black_box(res), Some(&registry), None)),
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_denormalize_simple(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let resource = simple_storage_resource();
+    let normalized = normalizer::normalize(&resource, Some(&registry), None);
+
+    c.bench_function("denormalize/simple_storage", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| denormalizer::denormalize(black_box(&normalized), Some(&registry), None))
+    });
+}
+
+fn bench_denormalize_nsg_scaling(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("denormalize/nsg_rules");
+
+    for rule_count in [5, 20, 100] {
+        let resource = nsg_resource(rule_count);
+        let normalized = normalizer::normalize(&resource, Some(&registry), None);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(rule_count),
+            &normalized,
+            |b, norm| b.iter(|| denormalizer::denormalize(black_box(norm), Some(&registry), None)),
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_round_trip(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let resource = nsg_resource(20);
+
+    c.bench_function("round_trip/nsg_20_rules", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            let n = normalizer::normalize(black_box(&resource), Some(&registry), None);
+            denormalizer::denormalize(&n, Some(&registry), None)
+        })
+    });
+}
+
+fn bench_normalize_and_wrap(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let resource = nsg_resource(20);
+    let context = to_regorus(json!({"resourceGroup": {"name": "rg1"}}));
+    let parameters = to_regorus(json!({"env": "prod"}));
+
+    c.bench_function("normalize_and_wrap/nsg_20_rules", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            registry.normalize_and_wrap(
+                black_box(&resource),
+                None,
+                Some(context.clone()),
+                Some(parameters.clone()),
+            )
+        })
+    });
+}
+
+fn bench_registry_load(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    c.bench_function("registry/load_from_json", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            let mut reg = AliasRegistry::new();
+            reg.load_from_json(black_box(ALIASES_JSON)).unwrap();
+            reg
+        })
+    });
+}
+
+// ─── Large-payload benchmarks ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// These stress the hot paths identified in the performance analysis:
+// - Nested set helpers (alias-heavy catalog with deep properties)
+// - Array element remap/cleanup/rewrap (large sub-resource arrays)
+// - Scalar denormalization lookups (many aliases × many fields)
+
+/// Build a large alias catalog with `n` scalar aliases for storage accounts.
+/// Each alias maps to a nested `properties.section_i.field_j` path, creating
+/// deep nested-set workloads.
+fn large_alias_catalog(n: usize) -> String {
+    let mut aliases = Vec::new();
+    for i in 0..n {
+        let section = i / 10;
+        let field = i % 10;
+        aliases.push(format!(
+            r#"{{
+                "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/section{section}Field{field}",
+                "defaultPath": "properties.section{section}.field{field}",
+                "paths": []
+            }}"#,
+        ));
+    }
+    format!(
+        r#"[{{
+            "namespace": "Microsoft.Storage",
+            "resourceTypes": [{{
+                "resourceType": "storageAccounts",
+                "aliases": [{aliases}]
+            }}]
+        }}]"#,
+        aliases = aliases.join(",")
+    )
+}
+
+/// Build a storage account resource whose `properties` contain nested sections
+/// matching the large alias catalog.
+fn large_storage_resource(alias_count: usize) -> Value {
+    let mut sections = serde_json::Map::new();
+    for i in 0..alias_count {
+        let section = i / 10;
+        let field = i % 10;
+        let section_key = format!("section{section}");
+        let section_obj = sections
+            .entry(section_key)
+            .or_insert_with(|| serde_json::Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new()));
+        if let serde_json::Value::Object(m) = section_obj {
+            m.insert(format!("field{field}"), serde_json::Value::from(i));
+        }
+    }
+    Value::from(json!({
+        "name": "bigStorage",
+        "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
+        "location": "westus2",
+        "properties": sections
+    }))
+}
+
+fn bench_normalize_large_catalog(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("normalize/large_catalog");
+    for alias_count in [50, 200] {
+        let catalog_json = large_alias_catalog(alias_count);
+        let mut reg = AliasRegistry::new();
+        reg.load_from_json(&catalog_json).unwrap();
+        let resource = large_storage_resource(alias_count);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(alias_count),
+            &(reg, resource),
+            |b, (reg, res)| b.iter(|| normalizer::normalize(black_box(res), Some(reg), None)),
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_denormalize_large_catalog(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("denormalize/large_catalog");
+    for alias_count in [50, 200] {
+        let catalog_json = large_alias_catalog(alias_count);
+        let mut reg = AliasRegistry::new();
+        reg.load_from_json(&catalog_json).unwrap();
+        let resource = large_storage_resource(alias_count);
+        let normalized = normalizer::normalize(&resource, Some(&reg), None);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(alias_count),
+            &(reg, normalized),
+            |b, (reg, norm)| b.iter(|| denormalizer::denormalize(black_box(norm), Some(reg), None)),
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_nsg_large_subarrays(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_registry();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("round_trip/nsg_sub_resource");
+    for rule_count in [50, 200, 500] {
+        let resource = nsg_resource(rule_count);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(rule_count),
+            &resource,
+            |b, res| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    let n = normalizer::normalize(black_box(res), Some(&registry), None);
+                    denormalizer::denormalize(&n, Some(&registry), None)
+                })
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ─── Versioned-path benchmarks ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// Exercise the precomputed versioned-path aggregates by building a catalog
+// where wildcard (array) aliases have version-specific paths that differ from
+// the default, then running normalize/denormalize with an explicit api_version.
+
+/// NSG-like alias catalog where wildcard aliases have versioned paths that
+/// differ from the default.  This forces the normalize/denormalize path through
+/// the versioned aggregate lookup rather than the default-aggregate fast path.
+const VERSIONED_ALIASES_JSON: &str = r#"[
+  {
+    "namespace": "Microsoft.Network",
+    "resourceTypes": [
+      {
+        "resourceType": "networkSecurityGroups",
+        "aliases": [
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].protocol",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.protocol",
+            "paths": [
+              { "path": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.transportProtocol", "apiVersions": ["2020-01-01"] },
+              { "path": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.protocol", "apiVersions": ["2022-01-01"] }
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].access",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.access",
+            "paths": [
+              { "path": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.accessLevel", "apiVersions": ["2020-01-01"] },
+              { "path": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.access", "apiVersions": ["2022-01-01"] }
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].priority",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.priority",
+            "paths": [
+              { "path": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.rulePriority", "apiVersions": ["2020-01-01"] },
+              { "path": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.priority", "apiVersions": ["2022-01-01"] }
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].direction",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.direction",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].sourceAddressPrefix",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.sourceAddressPrefix",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].destinationPortRange",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].properties.destinationPortRange",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules[*].name",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.securityRules[*].name",
+            "paths": []
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/provisioningState",
+            "defaultPath": "properties.provisioningState",
+            "paths": [
+              { "path": "properties.state", "apiVersions": ["2020-01-01"] },
+              { "path": "properties.provisioningState", "apiVersions": ["2022-01-01"] }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]"#;
+
+fn build_versioned_registry() -> AliasRegistry {
+    let mut reg = AliasRegistry::new();
+    reg.load_from_json(VERSIONED_ALIASES_JSON).unwrap();
+    reg
+}
+
+/// Build an NSG resource for versioned-path benchmarks.
+/// Uses the 2020-01-01 field names (`transportProtocol`, `accessLevel`,
+/// `rulePriority`) so that versioned path resolution actually differs from
+/// the default.
+fn nsg_versioned_resource(rule_count: usize) -> Value {
+    let rules: Vec<serde_json::Value> = (0..rule_count)
+        .map(|i| {
+            json!({
+                "name": format!("rule-{}", i),
+                "properties": {
+                    "transportProtocol": "Tcp",
+                    "accessLevel": if i % 2 == 0 { "Allow" } else { "Deny" },
+                    "rulePriority": 100 + i,
+                    "direction": "Inbound",
+                    "sourceAddressPrefix": format!("10.0.{}.0/24", i % 256),
+                    "destinationPortRange": format!("{}", 80 + i)
+                }
+            })
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    to_regorus(json!({
+        "name": "myNsg",
+        "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
+        "location": "eastus",
+        "properties": {
+            "state": "Succeeded",
+            "securityRules": rules
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+fn bench_normalize_versioned(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_versioned_registry();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("normalize_versioned/nsg_rules");
+
+    for rule_count in [5, 20, 100] {
+        let resource = nsg_versioned_resource(rule_count);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(rule_count),
+            &resource,
+            |b, res| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    normalizer::normalize(black_box(res), Some(&registry), Some("2020-01-01"))
+                })
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_denormalize_versioned(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_versioned_registry();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("denormalize_versioned/nsg_rules");
+
+    for rule_count in [5, 20, 100] {
+        let resource = nsg_versioned_resource(rule_count);
+        let normalized = normalizer::normalize(&resource, Some(&registry), Some("2020-01-01"));
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(rule_count),
+            &normalized,
+            |b, norm| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    denormalizer::denormalize(black_box(norm), Some(&registry), Some("2020-01-01"))
+                })
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_round_trip_versioned(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let registry = build_versioned_registry();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("round_trip_versioned/nsg_rules");
+
+    for rule_count in [20, 100] {
+        let resource = nsg_versioned_resource(rule_count);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::from_parameter(rule_count),
+            &resource,
+            |b, res| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    let n =
+                        normalizer::normalize(black_box(res), Some(&registry), Some("2020-01-01"));
+                    denormalizer::denormalize(&n, Some(&registry), Some("2020-01-01"))
+                })
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+criterion_group!(
+    normalization_benches,
+    bench_normalize_simple,
+    bench_normalize_no_aliases,
+    bench_normalize_nsg_scaling,
+    bench_denormalize_simple,
+    bench_denormalize_nsg_scaling,
+    bench_round_trip,
+    bench_normalize_and_wrap,
+    bench_registry_load,
+    bench_normalize_large_catalog,
+    bench_denormalize_large_catalog,
+    bench_nsg_large_subarrays,
+    bench_normalize_versioned,
+    bench_denormalize_versioned,
+    bench_round_trip_versioned,
+);
+criterion_main!(normalization_benches);

benches/rvm_benchmark.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! Comprehensive RVM benchmarks covering all aspects of the Rego Virtual Machine.
+//!
+//! # Policy families
+//!
+//! | Family     | Source                        | Policies | Inputs/policy |
+//! |------------|-------------------------------|----------|---------------|
+//! | Synthetic  | `benches/evaluation/test_data`| 9        | 3 each        |
+//! | ACI        | `tests/aci`                   | 9        | 1 each        |
+//!
+//! # Benchmark groups
+//!
+//! | Group                    | What it measures                                      |
+//! |--------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
+//! | `cold/{case}/{config}`   | Cold: new VM + load + data + input + execute          |
+//! | `hot/{case}/{config}`    | Hot: set_input + execute (VM reused across iters)     |
+//! | `compilation`            | Rego CompiledPolicy → RVM Program                     |
+//! | `serialization`          | Program binary serialize / deserialize roundtrip       |
+//! | `startup`                | Isolated VM creation & setup overhead                 |
+//! | `stats`                  | Instruction/literal counts (reported as throughput)    |
+//! | `end_to_end`             | Full roundtrip: compile → serialize → deserialize → eval |
+//!
+//! # Running subsets
+//!
+//! ```sh
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark                              # everything
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- cold                      # all cold eval
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- hot                       # all hot eval
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- regular_with_limits       # one config across cases
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- cold/aci/                 # all ACI cold benchmarks
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- rbac                      # one policy family
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- compilation               # compilation only
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- serialization             # serialization only
+//! cargo bench --bench rvm_benchmark -- startup                   # startup overhead
+//! ```
+
+use std::hint::black_box;
+use std::num::NonZeroU32;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion, Throughput};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use walkdir::WalkDir;
+
+use regorus::languages::rego::compiler::Compiler;
+use regorus::rvm::program::Program;
+use regorus::rvm::vm::{ExecutionMode, RegoVM};
+use regorus::utils::limits::ExecutionTimerConfig;
+use regorus::{Engine, Rc, Value};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Limit constants – generous ceilings that still exercise the limit-checking
+// hot path (memory_check, execution_timer_tick, instruction-limit compare).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[cfg(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")]
+const MEMORY_LIMIT_BYTES: u64 = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+const TIME_LIMIT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+const TIMER_CHECK_INTERVAL: NonZeroU32 = NonZeroU32::new(16).unwrap();
+const INSTRUCTION_LIMIT: usize = 10_000_000;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct EvalConfig {
+    name: &'static str,
+    mode: ExecutionMode,
+    limits: bool,
+}
+
+const EVAL_CONFIGS: [EvalConfig; 4] = [
+    EvalConfig {
+        name: "regular_no_limits",
+        mode: ExecutionMode::RunToCompletion,
+        limits: false,
+    },
+    EvalConfig {
+        name: "regular_with_limits",
+        mode: ExecutionMode::RunToCompletion,
+        limits: true,
+    },
+    EvalConfig {
+        name: "suspendable_no_limits",
+        mode: ExecutionMode::Suspendable,
+        limits: false,
+    },
+    EvalConfig {
+        name: "suspendable_with_limits",
+        mode: ExecutionMode::Suspendable,
+        limits: true,
+    },
+];
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Data types
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// A compiled benchmark program ready for RVM execution.
+struct BenchmarkProgram {
+    /// Human-readable name (e.g. "rbac_policy" or "aci/create_container").
+    name: String,
+    /// Pre-compiled RVM program.
+    program: Arc<Program>,
+    /// Compiled policy (kept for compilation benchmarks).
+    compiled_policy: regorus::CompiledPolicy,
+    /// Entry-point rule path.
+    entry_point: String,
+    /// Data object (Some for policies that require external data like ACI).
+    data: Option<Value>,
+    /// Named inputs for this policy.
+    inputs: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ACI YAML types
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+struct AciTestCase {
+    note: String,
+    data: Value,
+    input: Value,
+    modules: Vec<String>,
+    query: String,
+    want_result: Value,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+struct AciYamlTest {
+    cases: Vec<AciTestCase>,
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Synthetic policy loading
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Policy ↔ input file mapping for synthetic policies.
+const SYNTHETIC_POLICIES: &[(&str, &str, &[&str])] = &[
+    (
+        "rbac_policy",
+        "rbac_policy.rego",
+        &["rbac_input.json", "rbac_input2.json", "rbac_input3.json"],
+    ),
+    (
+        "api_access",
+        "api_access_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "api_access_input.json",
+            "api_access_input2.json",
+            "api_access_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "data_sensitivity",
+        "data_sensitivity_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "data_sensitivity_input.json",
+            "data_sensitivity_input2.json",
+            "data_sensitivity_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "time_based",
+        "time_based_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "time_based_input.json",
+            "time_based_input2.json",
+            "time_based_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "data_processing",
+        "data_processing_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "data_processing_input.json",
+            "data_processing_input2.json",
+            "data_processing_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "azure_vm",
+        "azure_vm_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "azure_vm_input.json",
+            "azure_vm_input2.json",
+            "azure_vm_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "azure_storage",
+        "azure_storage_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "azure_storage_input.json",
+            "azure_storage_input2.json",
+            "azure_storage_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "azure_keyvault",
+        "azure_keyvault_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "azure_keyvault_input.json",
+            "azure_keyvault_input2.json",
+            "azure_keyvault_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "azure_nsg",
+        "azure_nsg_policy.rego",
+        &[
+            "azure_nsg_input.json",
+            "azure_nsg_input2.json",
+            "azure_nsg_input3.json",
+        ],
+    ),
+];
+
+/// Compile synthetic Rego policies into RVM programs.
+fn compile_synthetic_programs() -> Vec<BenchmarkProgram> {
+    let base_dir = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("benches")
+        .join("evaluation")
+        .join("test_data");
+
+    let entry_point = "data.bench.allow";
+    let entry_point_rc: Rc<str> = entry_point.into();
+
+    SYNTHETIC_POLICIES
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(name, policy_file, input_files)| {
+            let policy_path = base_dir.join("policies").join(policy_file);
+            let policy_content = std::fs::read_to_string(&policy_path)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to read {policy_path:?}: {e}"));
+
+            let mut engine = Engine::new();
+            engine
+                .add_policy("policy.rego".to_string(), policy_content)
+                .expect("failed to add policy");
+
+            let compiled_policy = engine
+                .compile_with_entrypoint(&entry_point_rc)
+                .expect("failed to compile policy");
+
+            let program = Compiler::compile_from_policy(&compiled_policy, &[entry_point])
+                .expect("failed to compile to RVM program");
+
+            let inputs: Vec<(String, Value)> = input_files
+                .iter()
+                .map(|input_file| {
+                    let input_path = base_dir.join("inputs").join(input_file);
+                    let json = std::fs::read_to_string(&input_path)
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to read {input_path:?}: {e}"));
+                    let value = Value::from_json_str(&json).expect("failed to parse input JSON");
+                    let display = input_file.trim_end_matches(".json").to_string();
+                    (display, value)
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            BenchmarkProgram {
+                name: name.to_string(),
+                program,
+                compiled_policy,
+                entry_point: entry_point.to_string(),
+                data: None,
+                inputs,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ACI policy loading
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Load all ACI test cases from YAML files.
+fn load_aci_cases(dir: &Path) -> Vec<AciTestCase> {
+    let mut cases = Vec::new();
+    for entry in WalkDir::new(dir)
+        .sort_by_file_name()
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
+    {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if !path.to_string_lossy().ends_with(".yaml") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let yaml = std::fs::read(path).expect("failed to read yaml");
+        let yaml = String::from_utf8_lossy(&yaml);
+        let test: AciYamlTest = serde_yaml::from_str(&yaml).expect("failed to deserialize yaml");
+        cases.extend(test.cases);
+    }
+    cases
+}
+
+/// Build an Engine with policies loaded for a given ACI test case.
+fn build_aci_engine(dir: &Path, case: &AciTestCase) -> Engine {
+    let mut engine = Engine::new();
+    engine.set_rego_v0(true);
+    engine
+        .add_data(case.data.clone())
+        .expect("failed to add data");
+    engine.set_input(case.input.clone());
+    for (idx, rego) in case.modules.iter().enumerate() {
+        if rego.ends_with(".rego") {
+            engine
+                .add_policy_from_file(dir.join(rego).to_str().expect("invalid path"))
+                .expect("failed to add policy");
+        } else {
+            engine
+                .add_policy(format!("rego{idx}.rego"), rego.clone())
+                .expect("failed to add policy");
+        }
+    }
+    engine
+}
+
+/// Compile ACI test cases into RVM programs.
+fn compile_aci_programs() -> Vec<BenchmarkProgram> {
+    let dir = Path::new("tests/aci");
+    load_aci_cases(dir)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|case| {
+            let mut engine = build_aci_engine(dir, &case);
+            let rule = case.query.replace("=x", "");
+            let rule_rc: Rc<str> = rule.clone().into();
+            let compiled_policy = engine
+                .compile_with_entrypoint(&rule_rc)
+                .expect("failed to compile");
+            let program = Compiler::compile_from_policy(&compiled_policy, &[rule.as_str()])
+                .expect("failed to compile to RVM");
+
+            BenchmarkProgram {
+                name: format!("aci/{}", case.note),
+                program,
+                compiled_policy,
+                entry_point: rule,
+                data: Some(case.data),
+                inputs: vec![("input".to_string(), case.input)],
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Compile all policies
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Compile all policies (synthetic + ACI) into RVM programs.
+fn compile_all_programs() -> Vec<BenchmarkProgram> {
+    let mut programs = compile_synthetic_programs();
+    programs.extend(compile_aci_programs());
+    programs
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Limit helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Apply or remove production-style limits based on a boolean flag.
+fn configure_limits(vm: &mut RegoVM, limits: bool) {
+    if limits {
+        #[cfg(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")]
+        regorus::set_global_memory_limit(Some(MEMORY_LIMIT_BYTES));
+        vm.set_execution_timer_config(Some(ExecutionTimerConfig {
+            limit: TIME_LIMIT,
+            check_interval: TIMER_CHECK_INTERVAL,
+        }));
+        vm.set_max_instructions(INSTRUCTION_LIMIT);
+    } else {
+        #[cfg(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")]
+        regorus::set_global_memory_limit(None);
+        vm.set_execution_timer_config(None);
+        vm.set_max_instructions(usize::MAX);
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Cold evaluation — new VM per iteration (full setup + execute)
+//
+// Benchmarks are registered case-first so each workload is shown with all
+// config variants adjacent to one another, making per-case comparisons easier.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_cold(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let programs = compile_all_programs();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("cold");
+
+    for bp in &programs {
+        for (input_name, input_value) in &bp.inputs {
+            let case_id = if bp.inputs.len() == 1 {
+                bp.name.clone()
+            } else {
+                format!("{}/{}", bp.name, input_name)
+            };
+            let program = bp.program.clone();
+            let data = bp.data.clone();
+            let input = input_value.clone();
+
+            for config in EVAL_CONFIGS {
+                group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::new(&case_id, config.name), |b| {
+                    b.iter(|| {
+                        let mut vm = RegoVM::new();
+                        vm.set_execution_mode(config.mode);
+                        vm.load_program(black_box(program.clone()));
+                        if let Some(ref d) = data {
+                            vm.set_data(black_box(d.clone())).unwrap();
+                        }
+                        vm.set_input(black_box(input.clone()));
+                        configure_limits(&mut vm, config.limits);
+                        black_box(vm.execute().unwrap())
+                    })
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Hot evaluation — VM reused across iterations
+//
+// The VM is created once with program, data, mode, and limits.  Each
+// iteration only calls set_input + execute, measuring pure execution
+// overhead with minimal setup.  A warm-up execution fills the register
+// window pool so all iterations benefit from pooled allocations.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_hot(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let programs = compile_all_programs();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("hot");
+
+    for bp in &programs {
+        let program = bp.program.clone();
+        let data = bp.data.clone();
+        let inputs: Vec<Value> = bp.inputs.iter().map(|(_, v)| v.clone()).collect();
+        let num_inputs = inputs.len();
+
+        for config in EVAL_CONFIGS {
+            group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::new(&bp.name, config.name), |b| {
+                let mut vm = RegoVM::new();
+                vm.set_execution_mode(config.mode);
+                vm.load_program(program.clone());
+                if let Some(ref d) = data {
+                    vm.set_data(d.clone()).unwrap();
+                }
+                configure_limits(&mut vm, config.limits);
+
+                // Warm up: fill register window pools, caches, etc.
+                vm.set_input(inputs[0].clone());
+                vm.execute().expect("warm-up failed");
+
+                let mut i = 0usize;
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    let input = &inputs[i % num_inputs];
+                    vm.set_input(black_box(input.clone()));
+                    black_box(vm.execute().unwrap());
+                    i += 1;
+                })
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Compilation — Rego CompiledPolicy → RVM Program
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_compilation(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let programs = compile_all_programs();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("compilation");
+
+    for bp in &programs {
+        let entry_point: &str = &bp.entry_point;
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("rego_to_rvm", &bp.name),
+            &bp.compiled_policy,
+            |b, compiled_policy| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    Compiler::compile_from_policy(
+                        black_box(compiled_policy),
+                        black_box(&[entry_point]),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+                })
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Serialization — binary serialize / deserialize roundtrip
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_serialization(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let programs = compile_all_programs();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("serialization");
+
+    for bp in &programs {
+        let program = &bp.program;
+        let serialized = program
+            .serialize_binary()
+            .expect("failed to serialize program");
+        let byte_len = serialized.len() as u64;
+
+        group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(byte_len));
+        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::new("serialize", &bp.name), |b| {
+            b.iter(|| black_box(program.serialize_binary().unwrap()))
+        });
+
+        group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(byte_len));
+        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::new("deserialize", &bp.name), |b| {
+            b.iter(|| black_box(Program::deserialize_binary(black_box(&serialized)).unwrap()))
+        });
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Startup — isolated VM creation & setup overhead
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_startup(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let programs = compile_all_programs();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("startup");
+
+    // Use the first program as representative for startup overhead.
+    let bp = &programs[0];
+    let program = bp.program.clone();
+    let input = bp.inputs[0].1.clone();
+
+    // Bare VM creation
+    group.bench_function("new", |b| b.iter(|| black_box(RegoVM::new())));
+
+    // load_program (Arc clone + internal setup)
+    group.bench_function("load_program", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            let mut vm = RegoVM::new();
+            vm.load_program(black_box(program.clone()));
+            black_box(&vm);
+        })
+    });
+
+    // set_input
+    group.bench_function("set_input", |b| {
+        let mut vm = RegoVM::new();
+        vm.load_program(program.clone());
+        b.iter(|| {
+            vm.set_input(black_box(input.clone()));
+        })
+    });
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Stats — instruction / literal counts (reported as throughput)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_stats(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let programs = compile_all_programs();
+
+    eprintln!();
+    eprintln!(
+        "{:<30} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8} {:>10}",
+        "program", "instrs", "lits", "entries", "bytes"
+    );
+    eprintln!("{}", "-".repeat(70));
+
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("stats");
+    for bp in &programs {
+        let serialized = bp.program.serialize_binary().expect("serialize failed");
+        let byte_len = serialized.len();
+        let instr_count = bp.program.instructions.len();
+        let lit_count = bp.program.literals.len();
+        let entry_count = bp.program.entry_points.len();
+
+        eprintln!(
+            "{:<30} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8} {:>10}",
+            bp.name, instr_count, lit_count, entry_count, byte_len,
+        );
+
+        group.throughput(Throughput::Elements(instr_count as u64));
+        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::new("serialize", &bp.name), |b| {
+            b.iter(|| black_box(bp.program.serialize_binary().unwrap()))
+        });
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// End-to-end roundtrip (compile + serialize + deserialize + eval)
+//
+// Only runs for synthetic policies where we have direct access to rego
+// source files.  ACI policies are loaded from YAML with module references
+// which makes the setup pipeline different.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn bench_end_to_end(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let base_dir = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("benches")
+        .join("evaluation")
+        .join("test_data");
+
+    let entry_point = "data.bench.allow";
+    let entry_point_rc: Rc<str> = entry_point.into();
+
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("end_to_end");
+
+    for &(name, policy_file, input_files) in SYNTHETIC_POLICIES {
+        let policy_path = base_dir.join("policies").join(policy_file);
+        let policy_content = std::fs::read_to_string(&policy_path)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to read {policy_path:?}: {e}"));
+
+        // Use just the first input for end-to-end
+        let input_path = base_dir.join("inputs").join(input_files[0]);
+        let input_json = std::fs::read_to_string(&input_path)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to read {input_path:?}: {e}"));
+
+        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::new("roundtrip", name), |b| {
+            b.iter(|| {
+                // 1. Engine + parse
+                let mut engine = Engine::new();
+                engine
+                    .add_policy("policy.rego".to_string(), policy_content.clone())
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                // 2. Compile to CompiledPolicy
+                let compiled_policy = engine.compile_with_entrypoint(&entry_point_rc).unwrap();
+
+                // 3. Compile to RVM Program
+                let program =
+                    Compiler::compile_from_policy(&compiled_policy, &[entry_point]).unwrap();
+
+                // 4. Serialize
+                let bytes = program.serialize_binary().unwrap();
+
+                // 5. Deserialize
+                let deserialized = Program::deserialize_binary(&bytes).unwrap();
+                let program = match deserialized {
+                    regorus::rvm::program::DeserializationResult::Complete(p) => Arc::new(p),
+                    regorus::rvm::program::DeserializationResult::Partial(p) => {
+                        Arc::new(Program::compile_from_partial(p).unwrap())
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // 6. Execute
+                let mut vm = RegoVM::new();
+                vm.load_program(program);
+                let input = Value::from_json_str(&input_json).unwrap();
+                vm.set_input(input);
+                black_box(vm.execute().unwrap());
+            })
+        });
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Criterion groups — organised for selective runs
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+criterion_group!(cold_benches, bench_cold);
+
+criterion_group!(hot_benches, bench_hot);
+
+criterion_group!(
+    misc_benches,
+    bench_compilation,
+    bench_serialization,
+    bench_startup,
+    bench_stats,
+    bench_end_to_end,
+);
+
+criterion_main!(cold_benches, hot_benches, misc_benches);

bindings/c/main.c

@@ -11,6 +11,20 @@ int main() {
     if (r.status != Ok)
 	goto error;
 
+    // Configure the global pattern caches.
+    RegorusCacheConfig cache_config = { .regex = 256, .glob = 128 };
+    r = regorus_set_cache_config(cache_config);
+    if (r.status != Ok)
+	goto error;
+    regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+    // Raise the default col limit to 2000
+    RegorusPolicyLengthConfig len_config = { .max_col = 2000, .max_file_bytes = 1048576, .max_lines = 20000 };
+    r = regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config(engine, len_config);
+    if (r.status != Ok)
+	goto error;
+    regorus_result_drop(r);
+
     // Load policies.
     r = regorus_engine_add_policy_from_file(engine, "../../../tests/aci/framework.rego");
     if (r.status != Ok)

bindings/cpp/main.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,19 @@ void example()
     // Create engine
     regorus::Engine engine;
 
+    // Configure the global pattern caches.
+    RegorusCacheConfig cache_config = { 256, 128 };
+    regorus::set_cache_config(cache_config);
+
     engine.set_rego_v0(true);
     engine.set_enable_coverage(true);
+
+    RegorusPolicyLengthConfig len_config;
+    // Raise the default col limit to 2000
+    len_config.max_col = 2000;
+    len_config.max_file_bytes = 1048576;
+    len_config.max_lines = 20000;
+    engine.set_policy_length_config(len_config);
     
     // Add policies.
     engine.add_policy("objects.rego",R"(package objects

bindings/cpp/regorus.hpp

@@ -131,7 +131,15 @@ namespace regorus {
 	Result get_coverage_report_pretty() {
             return Result(regorus_engine_get_coverage_report_pretty(engine));
 	}
-	
+
+	Result set_policy_length_config(RegorusPolicyLengthConfig config) {
+	    return Result(regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config(engine, config));
+	}
+
+	Result clear_policy_length_config() {
+	    return Result(regorus_engine_clear_policy_length_config(engine));
+	}
+
 	~Engine() {
 	    regorus_engine_drop(engine);
 	}
@@ -150,6 +158,14 @@ namespace regorus {
 	Engine& operator=(const Engine&) = delete;
     };
 
+    inline Result set_cache_config(RegorusCacheConfig config) {
+	    return Result(regorus_set_cache_config(config));
+    }
+
+    inline Result clear_cache() {
+	    return Result(regorus_clear_cache());
+    }
+
     class CompiledPolicy {
     public:
 	explicit CompiledPolicy(RegorusCompiledPolicy* p) : policy(p) {}

bindings/csharp/Directory.Packages.props

@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="Regorus" Version="$(RegorusPackageVersion)$(RegorusPackageVersionSuffix)" />
     <PackageVersion Include="MSTest" Version="3.8.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="System.Text.Json" Version="8.0.5" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="YamlDotNet" Version="13.7.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

bindings/csharp/README.md

@@ -104,3 +104,49 @@ vm.SetInputJson(Input);
 var result = vm.Execute();
 Console.WriteLine($"allow: {result}");
 ```
+
+## Azure RBAC Condition Evaluation
+
+Evaluate Azure RBAC condition expressions directly with a JSON evaluation context:
+
+```csharp
+using Regorus;
+
+const string Condition = "@Resource[owner] StringEquals 'alice'";
+const string ContextJson = """
+{
+  "principal": {
+    "id": "user-1",
+    "principal_type": "User",
+    "custom_security_attributes": {}
+  },
+  "resource": {
+    "id": "/subscriptions/s1",
+    "resource_type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
+    "scope": "/subscriptions/s1",
+    "attributes": {
+      "owner": "alice",
+      "confidential": true
+    }
+  },
+  "request": {
+    "action": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read",
+    "data_action": null,
+    "attributes": {
+      "clientIP": "10.0.0.1"
+    }
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "is_private_link": null,
+    "private_endpoint": null,
+    "subnet": null,
+    "utc_now": "2023-05-01T12:00:00Z"
+  },
+  "action": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read",
+  "suboperation": null
+}
+""";
+
+var allowed = RbacEngine.EvaluateCondition(Condition, ContextJson);
+Console.WriteLine($"RBAC condition allowed: {allowed}");
+```

bindings/csharp/Regorus.Tests/AliasRegistryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using System;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using Regorus;
+
+namespace Regorus.Tests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class AliasRegistryTests
+{
+    private const string AliasesJson = @"[{
+        ""namespace"": ""Microsoft.Storage"",
+        ""resourceTypes"": [{
+            ""resourceType"": ""storageAccounts"",
+            ""aliases"": [{
+                ""name"": ""Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"",
+                ""defaultPath"": ""properties.supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"",
+                ""paths"": []
+            }, {
+                ""name"": ""Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/accessTier"",
+                ""defaultPath"": ""properties.accessTier"",
+                ""paths"": []
+            }]
+        }]
+    }]";
+
+    private const string ManifestJson = @"{
+        ""dataNamespace"": ""Microsoft.KeyVault.Data"",
+        ""aliases"": [],
+        ""resourceTypeAliases"": [{
+            ""resourceType"": ""vaults/certificates"",
+            ""aliases"": [{
+                ""name"": ""Microsoft.KeyVault.Data/vaults/certificates/keySize"",
+                ""paths"": [{ ""path"": ""keySize"", ""apiVersions"": [""7.0""] }]
+            }]
+        }]
+    }";
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Create_and_dispose_succeeds()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, registry.Length);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void LoadJson_populates_registry()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadJson(AliasesJson);
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, registry.Length);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void LoadManifest_populates_registry()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadManifest(ManifestJson);
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, registry.Length);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void NormalizeAndWrap_produces_envelope()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadJson(AliasesJson);
+
+        var resource = @"{
+            ""name"": ""acct1"",
+            ""type"": ""Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts"",
+            ""properties"": { ""supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"": true, ""accessTier"": ""Hot"" }
+        }";
+
+        var result = registry.NormalizeAndWrap(resource, "2023-01-01", "{}", "{}");
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+
+        var envelope = JsonNode.Parse(result!)!;
+        Assert.IsNotNull(envelope["resource"]);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(envelope["parameters"]);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(envelope["context"]);
+
+        // Normalized resource should have lowercased alias field names
+        var res = envelope["resource"]!;
+        Assert.AreEqual(true, res["supportshttpstrafficonly"]?.GetValue<bool>());
+        Assert.AreEqual("Hot", res["accesstier"]?.GetValue<string>());
+        Assert.AreEqual("acct1", res["name"]?.GetValue<string>());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void NormalizeAndWrap_with_context_and_parameters()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadJson(AliasesJson);
+
+        var resource = @"{
+            ""name"": ""acct1"",
+            ""type"": ""Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts"",
+            ""properties"": { ""supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"": true }
+        }";
+        var context = @"{""resourceGroup"": {""name"": ""rg1""}}";
+        var parameters = @"{""env"": ""prod""}";
+
+        var result = registry.NormalizeAndWrap(resource, "2023-01-01", context, parameters);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+
+        var envelope = JsonNode.Parse(result!)!;
+        Assert.AreEqual("rg1", envelope["context"]!["resourceGroup"]!["name"]?.GetValue<string>());
+        Assert.AreEqual("prod", envelope["parameters"]!["env"]?.GetValue<string>());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Denormalize_restores_properties()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadJson(AliasesJson);
+
+        var normalized = @"{
+            ""name"": ""acct1"",
+            ""type"": ""Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts"",
+            ""supportshttpstrafficonly"": true,
+            ""accesstier"": ""Hot""
+        }";
+
+        var result = registry.Denormalize(normalized, "2023-01-01");
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+
+        var arm = JsonNode.Parse(result!)!;
+        Assert.AreEqual("acct1", arm["name"]?.GetValue<string>());
+        Assert.AreEqual(true, arm["properties"]!["supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"]?.GetValue<bool>());
+        Assert.AreEqual("Hot", arm["properties"]!["accessTier"]?.GetValue<string>());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Round_trip_normalize_then_denormalize()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadJson(AliasesJson);
+
+        var resource = @"{
+            ""name"": ""acct1"",
+            ""type"": ""Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts"",
+            ""properties"": { ""supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"": true, ""accessTier"": ""Hot"" }
+        }";
+
+        // Normalize
+        var envelopeJson = registry.NormalizeAndWrap(resource, "2023-01-01", "{}", "{}");
+        Assert.IsNotNull(envelopeJson);
+
+        var envelope = JsonNode.Parse(envelopeJson!)!;
+        var normalizedResource = envelope["resource"]!.ToJsonString();
+
+        // Denormalize
+        var armJson = registry.Denormalize(normalizedResource, "2023-01-01");
+        Assert.IsNotNull(armJson);
+
+        var arm = JsonNode.Parse(armJson!)!;
+        Assert.AreEqual(true, arm["properties"]!["supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"]?.GetValue<bool>());
+        Assert.AreEqual("Hot", arm["properties"]!["accessTier"]?.GetValue<string>());
+        Assert.AreEqual("acct1", arm["name"]?.GetValue<string>());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void DataPlane_manifest_normalize()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadManifest(ManifestJson);
+
+        var resource = @"{
+            ""type"": ""Microsoft.KeyVault.Data/vaults/certificates"",
+            ""keySize"": 2048
+        }";
+
+        var result = registry.NormalizeAndWrap(resource, "7.0", "{}", "{}");
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+
+        var envelope = JsonNode.Parse(result!)!;
+        Assert.AreEqual(2048, envelope["resource"]!["keysize"]?.GetValue<int>());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [ExpectedException(typeof(InvalidOperationException))]
+    public void LoadJson_invalid_throws()
+    {
+        using var registry = new AliasRegistry();
+        registry.LoadJson("not valid json");
+    }
+}

bindings/csharp/Regorus.Tests/RbacEngineTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using Regorus;
+using YamlDotNet.Serialization;
+
+namespace Regorus.Tests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class RbacEngineTests
+{
+    public TestContext? TestContext { get; set; }
+
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
+    {
+        WriteIndented = false
+    };
+
+    private const string BaseContextJson = """
+{
+  "principal": {
+  "id": "user-1",
+  "principal_type": "User",
+  "custom_security_attributes": {
+    "department": "eng",
+    "levels": ["L1", "L2"]
+  }
+  },
+  "resource": {
+  "id": "/subscriptions/s1",
+  "resource_type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
+  "scope": "/subscriptions/s1",
+  "attributes": {
+    "owner": "alice",
+    "tags": ["a", "b"],
+    "count": 5,
+    "enabled": false,
+    "ip": "10.0.0.5",
+    "guid": "a1b2c3d4-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+  }
+  },
+  "request": {
+  "action": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read",
+  "data_action": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read",
+  "attributes": {
+    "owner": "alice",
+    "text": "HelloWorld",
+    "tags": ["prod", "gold"],
+    "count": 10,
+    "ratio": 2.5,
+    "enabled": true,
+    "ip": "10.0.0.8",
+    "guid": "A1B2C3D4-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+    "time": "12:30:15",
+    "date": "2023-05-01T12:00:00Z",
+    "numbers": [1, 2, 3],
+    "letters": ["a", "b"]
+  }
+  },
+  "environment": {
+  "is_private_link": false,
+  "private_endpoint": null,
+  "subnet": null,
+  "utc_now": "2023-05-01T12:00:00Z"
+  },
+  "action": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read",
+  "suboperation": "sub/read"
+}
+""";
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Rbac_engine_evaluates_all_yaml_cases()
+    {
+        var cases = LoadEvalTestCases().ToList();
+        Assert.IsTrue(cases.Count > 0, "No RBAC test cases were loaded.");
+
+        foreach (var testCase in cases)
+        {
+            TestContext?.WriteLine($"RBAC case: {testCase.Name} -> {testCase.Condition}");
+            var context = BuildBaseContext();
+            if (testCase.Context != null)
+            {
+                ApplyOverrides(context, testCase.Context);
+            }
+
+            var contextJson = context.ToJsonString(JsonOptions);
+            var result = RbacEngine.EvaluateCondition(testCase.Condition, contextJson);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(
+              testCase.Expected,
+              result,
+              $"RBAC test '{testCase.Name}' failed for condition '{testCase.Condition}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static JsonObject BuildBaseContext()
+    {
+        var node = JsonNode.Parse(BaseContextJson) as JsonObject;
+        if (node is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to parse base context JSON.");
+        }
+
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    private static void ApplyOverrides(JsonObject context, EvalContextOverrides overrides)
+    {
+        var principal = (JsonObject?)context["principal"]
+          ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing principal section.");
+        var resource = (JsonObject?)context["resource"]
+          ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing resource section.");
+        var request = (JsonObject?)context["request"]
+          ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing request section.");
+        var environment = (JsonObject?)context["environment"]
+          ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing environment section.");
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.Action))
+        {
+            context["action"] = overrides.Action;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.Suboperation))
+        {
+            context["suboperation"] = overrides.Suboperation;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.RequestAction))
+        {
+            request["action"] = overrides.RequestAction;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.DataAction))
+        {
+            request["data_action"] = overrides.DataAction;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.PrincipalId))
+        {
+            principal["id"] = overrides.PrincipalId;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.PrincipalType))
+        {
+            principal["principal_type"] = overrides.PrincipalType;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.ResourceId))
+        {
+            resource["id"] = overrides.ResourceId;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.ResourceType))
+        {
+            resource["resource_type"] = overrides.ResourceType;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.ResourceScope))
+        {
+            resource["scope"] = overrides.ResourceScope;
+        }
+
+        if (overrides.RequestAttributes != null)
+        {
+            request["attributes"] = ConvertToJsonNode(overrides.RequestAttributes);
+        }
+
+        if (overrides.ResourceAttributes != null)
+        {
+            resource["attributes"] = ConvertToJsonNode(overrides.ResourceAttributes);
+        }
+
+        if (overrides.PrincipalCustomSecurityAttributes != null)
+        {
+            principal["custom_security_attributes"] = ConvertToJsonNode(overrides.PrincipalCustomSecurityAttributes);
+        }
+
+        if (overrides.Environment != null)
+        {
+            if (overrides.Environment.IsPrivateLink.HasValue)
+            {
+                environment["is_private_link"] = overrides.Environment.IsPrivateLink.Value;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.Environment.PrivateEndpoint))
+            {
+                environment["private_endpoint"] = overrides.Environment.PrivateEndpoint;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.Environment.Subnet))
+            {
+                environment["subnet"] = overrides.Environment.Subnet;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(overrides.Environment.UtcNow))
+            {
+                environment["utc_now"] = overrides.Environment.UtcNow;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static IEnumerable<EvalTestCase> LoadEvalTestCases()
+    {
+        var baseDir = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "test_cases");
+        if (!Directory.Exists(baseDir))
+        {
+            throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"RBAC test case directory not found: {baseDir}");
+        }
+
+        var deserializer = new DeserializerBuilder()
+          .IgnoreUnmatchedProperties()
+          .Build();
+
+        var files = Directory.EnumerateFiles(baseDir, "*.yaml")
+          .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var file in files)
+        {
+            var yaml = File.ReadAllText(file);
+            var suite = deserializer.Deserialize<EvalTestSuite>(yaml);
+            if (suite?.TestCases is null)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var testCase in suite.TestCases)
+            {
+                yield return testCase;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static JsonNode? ConvertToJsonNode(object? value)
+    {
+        if (value is null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        switch (value)
+        {
+            case JsonNode node:
+                return node;
+            case string text:
+                return JsonValue.Create(text);
+            case bool boolean:
+                return JsonValue.Create(boolean);
+            case int intValue:
+                return JsonValue.Create(intValue);
+            case long longValue:
+                return JsonValue.Create(longValue);
+            case double doubleValue:
+                return JsonValue.Create(doubleValue);
+            case float floatValue:
+                return JsonValue.Create(floatValue);
+            case decimal decimalValue:
+                return JsonValue.Create(decimalValue);
+            case DateTime dateTime:
+                return JsonValue.Create(dateTime.ToString("O"));
+            case IDictionary dictionary:
+                {
+                    var obj = new JsonObject();
+                    foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in dictionary)
+                    {
+                        var key = entry.Key?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
+                        obj[key] = ConvertToJsonNode(entry.Value);
+                    }
+                    return obj;
+                }
+            case IEnumerable enumerable:
+                {
+                    if (value is string)
+                    {
+                        return JsonValue.Create(value.ToString());
+                    }
+
+                    var array = new JsonArray();
+                    foreach (var item in enumerable)
+                    {
+                        array.Add(ConvertToJsonNode(item));
+                    }
+                    return array;
+                }
+            default:
+                return JsonValue.Create(value.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EvalTestSuite
+    {
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "test_cases")]
+        public List<EvalTestCase> TestCases { get; set; } = new();
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EvalTestCase
+    {
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "name")]
+        public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "condition")]
+        public string Condition { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "expected")]
+        public bool Expected { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "context")]
+        public EvalContextOverrides? Context { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EvalContextOverrides
+    {
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "action")]
+        public string? Action { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "suboperation")]
+        public string? Suboperation { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "request_action")]
+        public string? RequestAction { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "data_action")]
+        public string? DataAction { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "principal_id")]
+        public string? PrincipalId { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "principal_type")]
+        public string? PrincipalType { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "resource_id")]
+        public string? ResourceId { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "resource_type")]
+        public string? ResourceType { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "resource_scope")]
+        public string? ResourceScope { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "request_attributes")]
+        public object? RequestAttributes { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "resource_attributes")]
+        public object? ResourceAttributes { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "principal_custom_security_attributes")]
+        public object? PrincipalCustomSecurityAttributes { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "environment")]
+        public EvalEnvironmentOverrides? Environment { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EvalEnvironmentOverrides
+    {
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "is_private_link")]
+        public bool? IsPrivateLink { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "private_endpoint")]
+        public string? PrivateEndpoint { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "subnet")]
+        public string? Subnet { get; set; }
+
+        [YamlMember(Alias = "utc_now")]
+        public string? UtcNow { get; set; }
+    }
+}

bindings/csharp/Regorus.Tests/Regorus.Tests.csproj

@@ -20,9 +20,14 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="MSTest" />
+    <PackageReference Include="YamlDotNet" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Regorus" />
   </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="../../../src/languages/azure_rbac/test_cases/*.yaml" Link="test_cases/%(Filename)%(Extension)" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

bindings/csharp/Regorus/AliasRegistry.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using System;
+using Regorus.Internal;
+
+#nullable enable
+namespace Regorus
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Manages Azure Policy alias definitions used for resource normalization
+    /// and policy compilation.
+    /// </summary>
+    public unsafe sealed class AliasRegistry : SafeHandleWrapper
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create an empty alias registry.
+        /// </summary>
+        public AliasRegistry()
+            : base(RegorusAliasRegistryHandle.Create(), nameof(AliasRegistry))
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Load control-plane alias data (array of ProviderAliases) from a JSON string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="json">JSON array of ProviderAliases (e.g. from Get-AzPolicyAlias or ResourceTypesAndAliases.json)</param>
+        public void LoadJson(string json)
+        {
+            Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(json, jsonPtr =>
+            {
+                UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                {
+                    CheckAndDropResult(API.regorus_alias_registry_load_json(
+                        (RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr, (byte*)jsonPtr));
+                    return 0;
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Load a data-plane policy manifest from a JSON string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="json">JSON object containing a DataPolicyManifest</param>
+        public void LoadManifest(string json)
+        {
+            Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(json, jsonPtr =>
+            {
+                UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                {
+                    CheckAndDropResult(API.regorus_alias_registry_load_manifest(
+                        (RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr, (byte*)jsonPtr));
+                    return 0;
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the number of resource types loaded in the registry.
+        /// </summary>
+        public long Length
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                {
+                    return ResultHelpers.GetIntResult(
+                        API.regorus_alias_registry_len((RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr));
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Normalize an ARM resource JSON and wrap it into the standard input envelope
+        /// expected by a compiled Azure Policy program.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="resourceJson">Raw ARM resource JSON</param>
+        /// <param name="apiVersion">API version string (e.g. "2023-01-01"), or null to use default alias paths</param>
+        /// <param name="contextJson">Additional context JSON object (pass "{}" if none)</param>
+        /// <param name="parametersJson">Policy parameter values JSON (pass "{}" if none)</param>
+        /// <returns>JSON string: { "resource": &lt;normalized&gt;, "context": &lt;context&gt;, "parameters": &lt;params&gt; }</returns>
+        public string? NormalizeAndWrap(string resourceJson, string? apiVersion = null, string contextJson = "{}", string parametersJson = "{}")
+        {
+            return Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(resourceJson, resPtr =>
+                Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(contextJson, ctxPtr =>
+                    Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(parametersJson, paramsPtr =>
+                    {
+                        if (apiVersion is null)
+                        {
+                            return UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                            {
+                                return ResultHelpers.GetStringResult(
+                                    API.regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+                                        (RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr,
+                                        (byte*)resPtr, null,
+                                        (byte*)ctxPtr, (byte*)paramsPtr));
+                            });
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            return Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(apiVersion, apiPtr =>
+                                UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                                {
+                                    return ResultHelpers.GetStringResult(
+                                        API.regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+                                            (RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr,
+                                            (byte*)resPtr, (byte*)apiPtr,
+                                            (byte*)ctxPtr, (byte*)paramsPtr));
+                                }));
+                        }
+                    })));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Denormalize a previously-normalized resource JSON back to ARM format.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="normalizedJson">The normalized resource JSON</param>
+        /// <param name="apiVersion">API version string, or null to use default alias paths</param>
+        /// <returns>Denormalized ARM JSON string</returns>
+        public string? Denormalize(string normalizedJson, string? apiVersion = null)
+        {
+            return Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(normalizedJson, normPtr =>
+            {
+                if (apiVersion is null)
+                {
+                    return UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                    {
+                        return ResultHelpers.GetStringResult(
+                            API.regorus_alias_registry_denormalize(
+                                (RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr,
+                                (byte*)normPtr, null));
+                    });
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(apiVersion, apiPtr =>
+                        UseHandle(regPtr =>
+                        {
+                            return ResultHelpers.GetStringResult(
+                                API.regorus_alias_registry_denormalize(
+                                    (RegorusAliasRegistry*)regPtr,
+                                    (byte*)normPtr, (byte*)apiPtr));
+                        }));
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        private static string? CheckAndDropResult(RegorusResult result)
+        {
+            return ResultHelpers.GetStringResult(result);
+        }
+    }
+}

bindings/csharp/Regorus/CacheConfig.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Regorus
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Global configuration for compiled pattern caches used by regex and glob builtins.
+    /// </summary>
+    public readonly struct CacheConfig
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CacheConfig"/> struct.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="regex">Maximum cached compiled regex patterns (default 256, 0 = disabled).</param>
+        /// <param name="glob">Maximum cached compiled glob matchers (default 128, 0 = disabled).</param>
+        public CacheConfig(nuint regex, nuint glob)
+        {
+            Regex = regex;
+            Glob = glob;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Maximum cached compiled regex patterns (default 256).</summary>
+        public nuint Regex { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>Maximum cached compiled glob matchers (default 128).</summary>
+        public nuint Glob { get; }
+
+        internal Regorus.Internal.RegorusCacheConfig ToNative()
+        {
+            return new Regorus.Internal.RegorusCacheConfig
+            {
+                regex = Regex,
+                glob = Glob,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

bindings/csharp/Regorus/Engine.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,17 @@ namespace Regorus
             CheckAndDropResult(Regorus.Internal.API.regorus_clear_fallback_execution_timer_config());
         }
 
+        public static void SetCacheConfig(CacheConfig config)
+        {
+            var nativeConfig = config.ToNative();
+            CheckAndDropResult(Regorus.Internal.API.regorus_set_cache_config(nativeConfig));
+        }
+
+        public static void ClearCache()
+        {
+            CheckAndDropResult(Regorus.Internal.API.regorus_clear_cache());
+        }
+
         private Engine(RegorusEngineHandle handle)
             : base(handle, nameof(Engine))
         {
@@ -82,6 +93,24 @@ namespace Regorus
                 CheckAndDropResult(Regorus.Internal.API.regorus_engine_clear_execution_timer_config((Regorus.Internal.RegorusEngine*)enginePtr));
             });
         }
+
+        public void SetPolicyLengthConfig(PolicyLengthConfig config)
+        {
+            var nativeConfig = config.ToNative();
+            UseHandle(enginePtr =>
+            {
+                CheckAndDropResult(Regorus.Internal.API.regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config((Regorus.Internal.RegorusEngine*)enginePtr, nativeConfig));
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void ClearPolicyLengthConfig()
+        {
+            UseHandle(enginePtr =>
+            {
+                CheckAndDropResult(Regorus.Internal.API.regorus_engine_clear_policy_length_config((Regorus.Internal.RegorusEngine*)enginePtr));
+            });
+        }
+
         public string? AddPolicy(string path, string rego)
         {
             return Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(path, pathPtr =>

bindings/csharp/Regorus/NativeMethods.cs

@@ -428,6 +428,18 @@ namespace Regorus.Internal
         [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_engine_clear_execution_timer_config", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
         internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_engine_clear_execution_timer_config(RegorusEngine* engine);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set the policy length limits for a specific engine instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config(RegorusEngine* engine, RegorusPolicyLengthConfig config);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clear the policy length configuration for a specific engine instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_engine_clear_policy_length_config", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_engine_clear_policy_length_config(RegorusEngine* engine);
+
         #endregion
 
         #region Execution Timer Global Methods
@@ -446,6 +458,22 @@ namespace Regorus.Internal
 
         #endregion
 
+        #region Cache Configuration Global Methods
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Configure the global pattern caches used by regex and glob builtins.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_set_cache_config", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_set_cache_config(RegorusCacheConfig config);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clear all entries from every pattern cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_clear_cache", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_clear_cache();
+
+        #endregion
+
         #region Compilation Methods
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -492,6 +520,16 @@ namespace Regorus.Internal
 
         #endregion
 
+        #region RBAC Methods
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Evaluate an Azure RBAC condition expression against a JSON evaluation context.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_rbac_engine_eval_condition", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_rbac_engine_eval_condition(byte* condition, byte* context_json);
+
+        #endregion
+
         #region Target Registry Methods
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -631,6 +669,55 @@ namespace Regorus.Internal
         internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_effect_schema_clear();
 
         #endregion
+
+        #region Alias Registry Methods
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new, empty AliasRegistry.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_new", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusAliasRegistry* regorus_alias_registry_new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Drop an AliasRegistry.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_drop", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern void regorus_alias_registry_drop(RegorusAliasRegistry* registry);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Load control-plane alias data (array of ProviderAliases) into the registry.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_load_json", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_alias_registry_load_json(RegorusAliasRegistry* registry, byte* json);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Load a data-plane policy manifest into the registry.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_load_manifest", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_alias_registry_load_manifest(RegorusAliasRegistry* registry, byte* json);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Return the number of resource types loaded in the alias registry.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_len", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_alias_registry_len(RegorusAliasRegistry* registry);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Normalize an ARM resource JSON and wrap it into the standard input envelope.
+        /// Returns a JSON string.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+            RegorusAliasRegistry* registry, byte* resource_json, byte* api_version, byte* context_json, byte* parameters_json);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Denormalize a previously-normalized resource JSON back to ARM format.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DllImport(LibraryName, EntryPoint = "regorus_alias_registry_denormalize", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, ExactSpelling = true)]
+        internal static extern RegorusResult regorus_alias_registry_denormalize(
+            RegorusAliasRegistry* registry, byte* normalized_json, byte* api_version);
+
+        #endregion
     }
 
     #region Native Structures
@@ -762,6 +849,27 @@ namespace Regorus.Internal
         public uint check_interval;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FFI representation of the policy length configuration.
+    /// </summary>
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    internal struct RegorusPolicyLengthConfig
+    {
+        public uint max_col;
+        public UIntPtr max_file_bytes;
+        public UIntPtr max_lines;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FFI representation of the cache configuration.
+    /// </summary>
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    internal struct RegorusCacheConfig
+    {
+        public UIntPtr regex;
+        public UIntPtr glob;
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Byte buffer returned from FFI.
     /// </summary>
@@ -815,5 +923,13 @@ namespace Regorus.Internal
         public byte* content;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wrapper for AliasRegistry.
+    /// </summary>
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    internal unsafe partial struct RegorusAliasRegistry
+    {
+    }
+
     #endregion
 }

bindings/csharp/Regorus/PolicyLengthConfig.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Regorus
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Policy source length limits enforced when loading policy files.
+    /// </summary>
+    public readonly struct PolicyLengthConfig
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="PolicyLengthConfig"/> struct.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxCol">Maximum column width per line. Must be non-zero.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxFileBytes">Maximum policy file size in bytes. Must be non-zero.</param>
+        /// <param name="maxLines">Maximum number of lines per policy file. Must be non-zero.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Thrown when any parameter is zero.</exception>
+        public PolicyLengthConfig(uint maxCol, nuint maxFileBytes, nuint maxLines)
+        {
+            if (maxCol == 0)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(maxCol), "Must be non-zero.");
+            if (maxFileBytes == 0)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(maxFileBytes), "Must be non-zero.");
+            if (maxLines == 0)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(maxLines), "Must be non-zero.");
+
+            MaxCol = maxCol;
+            MaxFileBytes = maxFileBytes;
+            MaxLines = maxLines;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Maximum column width per line (default: 1024).</summary>
+        public uint MaxCol { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>Maximum policy file size in bytes (default: 1 MiB).</summary>
+        public nuint MaxFileBytes { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>Maximum number of lines per policy file (default: 20000).</summary>
+        public nuint MaxLines { get; }
+
+        internal Regorus.Internal.RegorusPolicyLengthConfig ToNative()
+        {
+            return new Regorus.Internal.RegorusPolicyLengthConfig
+            {
+                max_col = MaxCol,
+                max_file_bytes = MaxFileBytes,
+                max_lines = MaxLines,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

bindings/csharp/Regorus/RbacEngine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using System;
+using Regorus.Internal;
+
+#nullable enable
+namespace Regorus
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides helpers for evaluating Azure RBAC condition expressions.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static unsafe class RbacEngine
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Evaluate an Azure RBAC condition expression against a JSON evaluation context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="condition">Azure RBAC condition expression.</param>
+        /// <param name="contextJson">JSON encoded EvaluationContext.</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the condition evaluates to true; otherwise false.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="Exception">Thrown when evaluation fails.</exception>
+        public static bool EvaluateCondition(string condition, string contextJson)
+        {
+            if (condition is null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(condition));
+            }
+
+            if (contextJson is null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(contextJson));
+            }
+
+            return Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(condition, conditionPtr =>
+                Utf8Marshaller.WithUtf8(contextJson, contextPtr =>
+                {
+                    unsafe
+                    {
+                        var result = Internal.API.regorus_rbac_engine_eval_condition((byte*)conditionPtr, (byte*)contextPtr);
+                        return ResultHelpers.GetBoolResult(result);
+                    }
+                }));
+        }
+    }
+}

bindings/csharp/Regorus/SafeHandles.cs

@@ -183,4 +183,52 @@ namespace Regorus
             return true;
         }
     }
+
+    internal sealed class RegorusAliasRegistryHandle : SafeHandleZeroOrMinusOneIsInvalid
+    {
+        private RegorusAliasRegistryHandle() : base(ownsHandle: true)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal static RegorusAliasRegistryHandle Create()
+        {
+            unsafe
+            {
+                var raw = Internal.API.regorus_alias_registry_new();
+                if (raw is null)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create Regorus alias registry.");
+                }
+
+                var handle = new RegorusAliasRegistryHandle();
+                handle.SetHandle((IntPtr)raw);
+                return handle;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static RegorusAliasRegistryHandle FromPointer(IntPtr pointer)
+        {
+            if (pointer == IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Pointer cannot be zero.", nameof(pointer));
+            }
+
+            var handle = new RegorusAliasRegistryHandle();
+            handle.SetHandle(pointer);
+            return handle;
+        }
+
+        protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
+        {
+            if (!IsInvalid)
+            {
+                unsafe
+                {
+                    Internal.API.regorus_alias_registry_drop((Internal.RegorusAliasRegistry*)handle);
+                }
+                SetHandle(IntPtr.Zero);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
 }

bindings/csharp/TestApp/Program.cs

@@ -18,8 +18,13 @@ var w = new Stopwatch();
 
 w.Restart();
 
+// Configure the global pattern caches.
+Regorus.Engine.SetCacheConfig(new Regorus.CacheConfig(regex: 256, glob: 128));
+
 var engine = new Regorus.Engine();
 engine.SetRegoV0(true);
+// Raise the default col limit to 2000
+engine.SetPolicyLengthConfig(new Regorus.PolicyLengthConfig(maxCol: 2000, maxFileBytes: 1048576, maxLines: 20000));
 
 w.Stop();
 var newEngineTicks = w.ElapsedTicks;

bindings/csharp/global.json

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
-    "msbuild-sdks": {
-      "Microsoft.Build.NoTargets": "3.7.56"
-    },
-    "sdk": {
-      "allowPrerelease": false,
-      "version": "8.0.412",
-      "rollForward": "latestFeature"
-    }
+  "msbuild-sdks": {
+    "Microsoft.Build.NoTargets": "3.7.134"
+  },
+  "sdk": {
+    "allowPrerelease": false,
+    "version": "8.0.412",
+    "rollForward": "latestFeature"
+  }
 }

bindings/ffi/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,8 +32,10 @@ default = [
 	"coverage",
 	"allocator-memory-limits",
 	"rvm",
+	"rbac",
 	"regorus/arc",
 	"regorus/full-opa",
+	"cache",
 	"contention_checks",
 ]
 ast = ["regorus/ast"]
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ coverage = ["regorus/coverage"]
 allocator-memory-limits = ["regorus/allocator-memory-limits"]
 contention_checks = ["parking_lot"]
 rvm = ["regorus/rvm"]
+rbac = ["regorus/azure-rbac"]
+cache = ["regorus/cache"]
 custom_allocator = []
 
 [build-dependencies]

bindings/ffi/src/alias_registry.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! FFI bindings for `AliasRegistry` – Azure Policy alias catalog management.
+
+#![cfg(feature = "azure_policy")]
+
+use crate::common::{from_c_str, to_ref, RegorusResult, RegorusStatus};
+use crate::panic_guard::with_unwind_guard;
+
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use alloc::format;
+use alloc::string::String;
+use anyhow::Result;
+use core::ffi::c_char;
+use core::ptr;
+
+use regorus::languages::azure_policy::aliases::AliasRegistry;
+
+/// Opaque wrapper for `AliasRegistry`.
+pub struct RegorusAliasRegistry {
+    registry: AliasRegistry,
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Lifecycle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Create a new, empty `AliasRegistry`.
+///
+/// The caller must eventually call `regorus_alias_registry_drop` to free the handle.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_new() -> *mut RegorusAliasRegistry {
+    let wrapper = RegorusAliasRegistry {
+        registry: AliasRegistry::new(),
+    };
+    Box::into_raw(Box::new(wrapper))
+}
+
+/// Drop a `RegorusAliasRegistry`.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_drop(registry: *mut RegorusAliasRegistry) {
+    if let Ok(r) = to_ref(registry) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _ = Box::from_raw(ptr::from_mut(r));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Loading
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Load control-plane alias data (array of `ProviderAliases`) into the registry.
+///
+/// `json` must be a valid null-terminated UTF-8 string containing the JSON
+/// array returned by `Get-AzPolicyAlias` or the static
+/// `ResourceTypesAndAliases.json` file.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_load_json(
+    registry: *mut RegorusAliasRegistry,
+    json: *const c_char,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        let output = || -> Result<()> {
+            let json_str = from_c_str(json)?;
+            to_ref(registry)?.registry.load_from_json(&json_str)?;
+            Ok(())
+        }();
+
+        match output {
+            Ok(()) => RegorusResult::ok_void(),
+            Err(e) => RegorusResult::err_with_message(
+                RegorusStatus::InvalidDataFormat,
+                format!("Failed to load alias catalog: {e}"),
+            ),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// Load a data-plane policy manifest into the registry.
+///
+/// `json` must be a valid null-terminated UTF-8 string containing a single
+/// `DataPolicyManifest` JSON object.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_load_manifest(
+    registry: *mut RegorusAliasRegistry,
+    json: *const c_char,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        let output = || -> Result<()> {
+            let json_str = from_c_str(json)?;
+            to_ref(registry)?
+                .registry
+                .load_data_policy_manifest_json(&json_str)?;
+            Ok(())
+        }();
+
+        match output {
+            Ok(()) => RegorusResult::ok_void(),
+            Err(e) => RegorusResult::err_with_message(
+                RegorusStatus::InvalidDataFormat,
+                format!("Failed to load data-plane manifest: {e}"),
+            ),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Queries
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Return the number of resource types loaded in the alias registry.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_len(registry: *mut RegorusAliasRegistry) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        let output = || -> Result<i64> {
+            let len = to_ref(registry)?.registry.len();
+            Ok(len as i64)
+        }();
+
+        match output {
+            Ok(n) => RegorusResult::ok_int(n),
+            Err(e) => RegorusResult::err_with_message(RegorusStatus::Error, format!("{e}")),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Normalize / Denormalize
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Normalize an ARM resource JSON and wrap it into the standard input envelope.
+///
+/// Returns a JSON string:
+/// `{ "resource": <normalized>, "context": <context>, "parameters": <params> }`.
+///
+/// * `resource_json` – raw ARM resource JSON
+/// * `api_version` – API version string (e.g. `"2023-01-01"`), or null to use
+///   the default alias paths
+/// * `context_json` – JSON object for additional context (pass `"{}"` if none)
+/// * `parameters_json` – JSON object of policy parameter values (pass `"{}"` if none)
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+    registry: *mut RegorusAliasRegistry,
+    resource_json: *const c_char,
+    api_version: *const c_char,
+    context_json: *const c_char,
+    parameters_json: *const c_char,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        let output = || -> Result<String> {
+            let resource_str = from_c_str(resource_json)?;
+            let api_ver = if api_version.is_null() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                let s = from_c_str(api_version)?;
+                if s.is_empty() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(s)
+                }
+            };
+            let context_str = from_c_str(context_json)?;
+            let params_str = from_c_str(parameters_json)?;
+
+            let resource = regorus::Value::from_json_str(&resource_str)?;
+            let context = regorus::Value::from_json_str(&context_str)?;
+            let params = regorus::Value::from_json_str(&params_str)?;
+
+            let wrapped = to_ref(registry)?.registry.normalize_and_wrap(
+                &resource,
+                api_ver.as_deref(),
+                Some(context),
+                Some(params),
+            );
+            wrapped.to_json_str()
+        }();
+
+        match output {
+            Ok(s) => RegorusResult::ok_string(s),
+            Err(e) => RegorusResult::err_with_message(RegorusStatus::Error, format!("{e}")),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// Denormalize a previously-normalized resource JSON back to ARM format.
+///
+/// * `normalized_json` – the normalized resource JSON
+/// * `api_version` – API version string, or null to use the default alias paths
+///
+/// Returns the denormalized ARM JSON string.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_alias_registry_denormalize(
+    registry: *mut RegorusAliasRegistry,
+    normalized_json: *const c_char,
+    api_version: *const c_char,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        let output = || -> Result<String> {
+            let normalized_str = from_c_str(normalized_json)?;
+            let api_ver = if api_version.is_null() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                let s = from_c_str(api_version)?;
+                if s.is_empty() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(s)
+                }
+            };
+
+            let normalized = regorus::Value::from_json_str(&normalized_str)?;
+
+            let result = to_ref(registry)?
+                .registry
+                .denormalize(&normalized, api_ver.as_deref());
+            result.to_json_str()
+        }();
+
+        match output {
+            Ok(s) => RegorusResult::ok_string(s),
+            Err(e) => RegorusResult::err_with_message(RegorusStatus::Error, format!("{e}")),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::common::regorus_result_drop;
+    use core::ffi::CStr;
+    use std::ffi::CString;
+
+    /// Helper: create a C string from a Rust &str.
+    fn c(s: &str) -> CString {
+        CString::new(s).expect("CString::new failed")
+    }
+
+    /// Helper: assert a RegorusResult has Ok status and extract string output.
+    fn assert_ok_string(r: &RegorusResult) -> String {
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok, "expected Ok status");
+        assert!(!r.output.is_null(), "expected non-null output");
+        let s = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(r.output) }
+            .to_str()
+            .expect("invalid UTF-8 in output")
+            .to_string();
+        s
+    }
+
+    /// Helper: assert a RegorusResult has Ok status with integer output.
+    fn assert_ok_int(r: &RegorusResult) -> i64 {
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok, "expected Ok status");
+        r.int_value
+    }
+
+    const ALIASES: &str = r#"[{
+        "namespace": "Microsoft.Storage",
+        "resourceTypes": [{
+            "resourceType": "storageAccounts",
+            "aliases": [{
+                "name": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/supportsHttpsTrafficOnly",
+                "defaultPath": "properties.supportsHttpsTrafficOnly",
+                "paths": []
+            }]
+        }]
+    }]"#;
+
+    const MANIFEST: &str = r#"{
+        "dataNamespace": "Microsoft.KeyVault.Data",
+        "aliases": [],
+        "resourceTypeAliases": [{
+            "resourceType": "vaults/certificates",
+            "aliases": [{
+                "name": "Microsoft.KeyVault.Data/vaults/certificates/keySize",
+                "paths": [{ "path": "keySize", "apiVersions": ["7.0"] }]
+            }]
+        }]
+    }"#;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lifecycle_new_and_drop() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        assert!(!reg.is_null());
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_json_and_check_len() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let json = c(ALIASES);
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_load_json(reg, json.as_ptr());
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_len(reg);
+        assert_eq!(assert_ok_int(&r), 1);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_manifest_and_check_len() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let json = c(MANIFEST);
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_load_manifest(reg, json.as_ptr());
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_len(reg);
+        assert_eq!(assert_ok_int(&r), 1);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_invalid_json_returns_error() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let bad = c("not valid json");
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_load_json(reg, bad.as_ptr());
+        assert_ne!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_and_wrap_round_trip() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let aliases = c(ALIASES);
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_load_json(reg, aliases.as_ptr());
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let resource = c(r#"{
+            "name": "acct1",
+            "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
+            "properties": { "supportsHttpsTrafficOnly": true }
+        }"#);
+        let api = c("2023-01-01");
+        let ctx = c(r#"{"resourceGroup": {"name": "rg1"}}"#);
+        let params = c(r#"{"env": "prod"}"#);
+
+        // Normalize
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+            reg,
+            resource.as_ptr(),
+            api.as_ptr(),
+            ctx.as_ptr(),
+            params.as_ptr(),
+        );
+        let envelope_json = assert_ok_string(&r);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        // Parse and verify structure
+        let envelope: serde_json::Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&envelope_json).expect("invalid JSON output");
+        assert!(
+            envelope.get("resource").is_some(),
+            "envelope missing 'resource'"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            envelope.get("parameters").is_some(),
+            "envelope missing 'parameters'"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            envelope.get("context").is_some(),
+            "envelope missing 'context'"
+        );
+
+        // The normalized resource should have lowercased alias fields
+        let res = &envelope["resource"];
+        assert_eq!(res["supportshttpstrafficonly"], true);
+        assert_eq!(res["name"], "acct1");
+
+        // Context and parameters should be passed through
+        assert_eq!(envelope["context"]["resourceGroup"]["name"], "rg1");
+        assert_eq!(envelope["parameters"]["env"], "prod");
+
+        // Denormalize the resource portion
+        let resource_json = serde_json::to_string(&res).expect("serialize resource");
+        let norm_cstr = c(&resource_json);
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_denormalize(reg, norm_cstr.as_ptr(), api.as_ptr());
+        let denorm_json = assert_ok_string(&r);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let denorm: serde_json::Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&denorm_json).expect("invalid denorm JSON");
+        // Should be back under properties with restored casing
+        assert_eq!(
+            denorm["properties"]["supportsHttpsTrafficOnly"], true,
+            "expected restored casing under properties"
+        );
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn denormalize_invalid_json_returns_error() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let aliases = c(ALIASES);
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_load_json(reg, aliases.as_ptr());
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let bad = c("not json");
+        let api = c("2023-01-01");
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_denormalize(reg, bad.as_ptr(), api.as_ptr());
+        assert_ne!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalize_data_plane_manifest() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let manifest = c(MANIFEST);
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_load_manifest(reg, manifest.as_ptr());
+        assert_eq!(r.status, RegorusStatus::Ok);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let resource = c(r#"{
+            "type": "Microsoft.KeyVault.Data/vaults/certificates",
+            "keySize": 2048
+        }"#);
+        let api = c("7.0");
+        let ctx = c("{}");
+        let params = c("{}");
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+            reg,
+            resource.as_ptr(),
+            api.as_ptr(),
+            ctx.as_ptr(),
+            params.as_ptr(),
+        );
+        let envelope_json = assert_ok_string(&r);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let envelope: serde_json::Value =
+            serde_json::from_str(&envelope_json).expect("invalid JSON output");
+        assert_eq!(envelope["resource"]["keysize"], 2048);
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_registry_normalize() {
+        let reg = regorus_alias_registry_new();
+        let resource = c(r#"{"name": "test", "type": "Unknown/type", "properties": {"foo": 1}}"#);
+        let api = c("");
+        let ctx = c("{}");
+        let params = c("{}");
+
+        let r = regorus_alias_registry_normalize_and_wrap(
+            reg,
+            resource.as_ptr(),
+            api.as_ptr(),
+            ctx.as_ptr(),
+            params.as_ptr(),
+        );
+        let json = assert_ok_string(&r);
+        regorus_result_drop(r);
+
+        let envelope: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&json).expect("invalid JSON");
+        // Without aliases, properties should still be flattened
+        assert_eq!(envelope["resource"]["foo"], 1);
+        assert_eq!(envelope["resource"]["name"], "test");
+
+        regorus_alias_registry_drop(reg);
+    }
+}

bindings/ffi/src/common.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use core::ffi::{c_char, c_longlong, c_void, CStr};
 use core::{mem, ptr};
 
 /// Status of a call on `RegorusEngine`.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 #[repr(C)]
 pub enum RegorusStatus {
     /// The operation was successful.

bindings/ffi/src/engine.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::common::{
 };
 use crate::compiled_policy::RegorusCompiledPolicy;
 use crate::limits::RegorusExecutionTimerConfig;
+use crate::limits::RegorusPolicyLengthConfig;
 use crate::lock::{new_handle, read, try_read, try_write, Handle, ReadGuard, WriteGuard};
 use crate::panic_guard::with_unwind_guard;
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
@@ -491,6 +492,37 @@ pub extern "C" fn regorus_engine_clear_execution_timer_config(
     }())
 }
 
+/// Set the policy length limits used when loading policies.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config(
+    engine: *mut RegorusEngine,
+    config: RegorusPolicyLengthConfig,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        to_regorus_result(|| -> Result<()> {
+            let engine = to_ref(engine)?;
+            let mut guard = engine.try_write()?;
+            guard.set_policy_length_config(config.to_policy_length_config()?);
+            Ok(())
+        }())
+    })
+}
+
+/// Clear the policy length configuration, reverting to defaults.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_engine_clear_policy_length_config(
+    engine: *mut RegorusEngine,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        to_regorus_result(|| -> Result<()> {
+            let engine = to_ref(engine)?;
+            let mut guard = engine.try_write()?;
+            guard.clear_policy_length_config();
+            Ok(())
+        }())
+    })
+}
+
 /// Get pretty printed coverage report.
 ///
 /// See https://docs.rs/regorus/latest/regorus/coverage/struct.Report.html#method.to_string_pretty

bindings/ffi/src/lib.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 extern crate alloc;
 
+mod alias_registry;
 mod allocator;
 mod common;
 mod compile;
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ mod engine;
 mod limits;
 mod lock;
 mod panic_guard;
+#[cfg(feature = "rbac")]
+mod rbac;
 #[cfg(feature = "rvm")]
 pub(crate) mod rvm;
 mod schema_registry;

bindings/ffi/src/limits.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use crate::common::{to_regorus_result, RegorusResult, RegorusStatus};
 use alloc::format;
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use core::num::NonZeroU32;
+use core::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
 use core::time::Duration;
 use regorus::utils::limits::{self, ExecutionTimerConfig};
 
@@ -158,6 +158,31 @@ impl RegorusExecutionTimerConfig {
     }
 }
 
+/// FFI representation of [`regorus::PolicyLengthConfig`].
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct RegorusPolicyLengthConfig {
+    /// Maximum column width per line (must be non-zero).
+    pub max_col: u32,
+    /// Maximum policy file size in bytes (must be non-zero).
+    pub max_file_bytes: usize,
+    /// Maximum number of lines per policy file (must be non-zero).
+    pub max_lines: usize,
+}
+
+impl RegorusPolicyLengthConfig {
+    pub fn to_policy_length_config(self) -> Result<regorus::PolicyLengthConfig> {
+        Ok(regorus::PolicyLengthConfig {
+            max_col: NonZeroU32::new(self.max_col)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("max_col must be non-zero"))?,
+            max_file_bytes: NonZeroUsize::new(self.max_file_bytes)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("max_file_bytes must be non-zero"))?,
+            max_lines: NonZeroUsize::new(self.max_lines)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("max_lines must be non-zero"))?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn regorus_set_fallback_execution_timer_config(
     config: RegorusExecutionTimerConfig,
@@ -174,6 +199,40 @@ pub extern "C" fn regorus_clear_fallback_execution_timer_config() -> RegorusResu
     RegorusResult::ok_void()
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Cache configuration (global)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// FFI representation of [`regorus::cache::Config`].
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct RegorusCacheConfig {
+    /// Maximum compiled regex patterns (default 256, 0 = disabled).
+    pub regex: usize,
+    /// Maximum compiled glob matchers (default 128, 0 = disabled).
+    pub glob: usize,
+}
+
+/// Configure the global pattern caches used by `regex.*` and `glob.*` builtins.
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_set_cache_config(config: RegorusCacheConfig) -> RegorusResult {
+    regorus::cache::configure(regorus::cache::Config {
+        regex: config.regex,
+        glob: config.glob,
+    });
+    RegorusResult::ok_void()
+}
+
+/// Clear all entries from every pattern cache.
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_clear_cache() -> RegorusResult {
+    regorus::cache::clear();
+    RegorusResult::ok_void()
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::{

bindings/ffi/src/rbac.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+use crate::common::{from_c_str, RegorusResult, RegorusStatus};
+use crate::panic_guard::with_unwind_guard;
+use alloc::format;
+use core::ffi::c_char;
+
+use regorus::languages::azure_rbac::ast::EvaluationContext;
+use regorus::languages::azure_rbac::interpreter::ConditionInterpreter;
+
+#[no_mangle]
+/// Evaluate an Azure RBAC condition expression against a JSON evaluation context.
+///
+/// * `condition`: RBAC condition string.
+/// * `context_json`: JSON representation of EvaluationContext.
+pub extern "C" fn regorus_rbac_engine_eval_condition(
+    condition: *const c_char,
+    context_json: *const c_char,
+) -> RegorusResult {
+    with_unwind_guard(|| {
+        let condition = match from_c_str(condition) {
+            Ok(value) => value,
+            Err(err) => {
+                return RegorusResult::err_with_message(
+                    RegorusStatus::InvalidArgument,
+                    format!("{err}"),
+                )
+            }
+        };
+        let context_json = match from_c_str(context_json) {
+            Ok(value) => value,
+            Err(err) => {
+                return RegorusResult::err_with_message(
+                    RegorusStatus::InvalidArgument,
+                    format!("{err}"),
+                )
+            }
+        };
+        let context: EvaluationContext = match serde_json::from_str(&context_json) {
+            Ok(context) => context,
+            Err(err) => {
+                return RegorusResult::err_with_message(
+                    RegorusStatus::InvalidDataFormat,
+                    format!("invalid context json: {err}"),
+                )
+            }
+        };
+
+        let interpreter = ConditionInterpreter::new(&context);
+        match interpreter.evaluate_str(&condition) {
+            Ok(result) => RegorusResult::ok_bool(result),
+            Err(err) => RegorusResult::err_with_message(
+                RegorusStatus::Error,
+                format!("condition evaluation failed: {err}"),
+            ),
+        }
+    })
+}

bindings/go/main.go

@@ -17,7 +17,15 @@ func main() {
 	engine := regorus.NewEngine()
 	defer engine.Close()
 
+	// Configure the global pattern caches.
+	if err = regorus.SetCacheConfig(regorus.CacheConfig{Regex: 256, Glob: 128}); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
 	engine.SetRegoV0(true)
+	// Raise the default col limit to 2000
+	engine.SetPolicyLengthConfig(regorus.PolicyLengthConfig{MaxCol: 2000, MaxFileBytes: 1048576, MaxLines: 20000})
 	elapsed1 := time.Since(t)
 	
 	

bindings/go/pkg/regorus/mod.go

@@ -214,3 +214,59 @@ func (e *Engine) TakePrints() (string, error) {
 
 	return C.GoString(result.output), nil
 }
+
+type PolicyLengthConfig struct {
+	MaxCol       uint32
+	MaxFileBytes uint
+	MaxLines     uint
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) SetPolicyLengthConfig(config PolicyLengthConfig) error {
+	c := C.RegorusPolicyLengthConfig{
+		max_col:       C.uint32_t(config.MaxCol),
+		max_file_bytes: C.size_t(config.MaxFileBytes),
+		max_lines:      C.size_t(config.MaxLines),
+	}
+	result := C.regorus_engine_set_policy_length_config(e.e, c)
+	defer C.regorus_result_drop(result)
+	if result.status != C.Ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s", C.GoString(result.error_message))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) ClearPolicyLengthConfig() error {
+	result := C.regorus_engine_clear_policy_length_config(e.e)
+	defer C.regorus_result_drop(result)
+	if result.status != C.Ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s", C.GoString(result.error_message))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type CacheConfig struct {
+	Regex uint
+	Glob  uint
+}
+
+func SetCacheConfig(config CacheConfig) error {
+	c := C.RegorusCacheConfig{
+		regex: C.size_t(config.Regex),
+		glob:  C.size_t(config.Glob),
+	}
+	result := C.regorus_set_cache_config(c)
+	defer C.regorus_result_drop(result)
+	if result.status != C.Ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s", C.GoString(result.error_message))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ClearCache() error {
+	result := C.regorus_clear_cache()
+	defer C.regorus_result_drop(result)
+	if result.status != C.Ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s", C.GoString(result.error_message))
+	}
+	return nil
+}

bindings/java/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ keywords = ["interpreter", "opa", "policy-as-code", "rego"]
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [features]
-default = ["ast", "coverage", "regorus/std", "regorus/full-opa"]
+default = ["ast", "cache", "coverage", "regorus/std", "regorus/full-opa", "regorus/allocator-memory-limits"]
 coverage = ["regorus/coverage"]
 ast = ["regorus/ast"]
+cache = ["regorus/cache"]
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0.112"
-jni = "0.21.1"
+jni = "0.22.4"
 regorus = { path  = "../..", default-features = false, features = ["arc", "rvm"] }

bindings/java/Test.java

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
+import com.microsoft.regorus.CacheConfig;
 import com.microsoft.regorus.Engine;
+import com.microsoft.regorus.PolicyLengthConfig;
 import com.microsoft.regorus.PolicyModule;
 import com.microsoft.regorus.Program;
 import com.microsoft.regorus.Rvm;
@@ -9,6 +11,9 @@ import com.microsoft.regorus.Rvm;
 public class Test {
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Configure the global pattern caches.
+        CacheConfig.configure(new CacheConfig(256, 128));
+
         try (Engine engine = new Engine()) {
             String pkg = engine.addPolicy(
                     "hello.rego",
@@ -26,6 +31,9 @@ public class Test {
             // Enable coverage.
             engine.setEnableCoverage(true);
 
+            // Raise the default col limit to 2000
+            engine.setPolicyLengthConfig(new PolicyLengthConfig(2000, 1048576, 20000));
+
             // Evaluate rule.
             String valueJson = engine.evalRule("data.test.message");
             System.out.println(valueJson);

bindings/java/pom.xml

@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
-      <version>3.8.1</version>
+      <version>4.13.2</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
       <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
-      <version>2.10.1</version>
+      <version>2.13.2</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
       <plugin>
         <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
-        <version>3.1.0</version>
+        <version>3.6.3</version>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <!-- Build a debug release for tests -->
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 
       <plugin>
         <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>3.2.5</version>
+        <version>3.5.5</version>
         <configuration>
           <!-- Add debug build to Java path, so it's discoverable by JVM. This is only for tests. -->
           <argLine>-Djava.library.path=${project.basedir}/target/debug:${java.library.path}</argLine>
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>3.6.3</version>
+        <version>3.12.0</version>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <id>attach-javadoc</id>
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>3.3.0</version>
+        <version>3.4.0</version>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <id>attach-sources</id>

bindings/java/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
 use anyhow::Result;
+use core::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
 use jni::objects::{JBooleanArray, JByteArray, JClass, JObject, JObjectArray, JString};
+use jni::strings::JNIString;
 use jni::sys::{jboolean, jbooleanArray, jbyteArray, jlong, jobjectArray, jstring};
-use jni::JNIEnv;
+use jni::{jni_str, Env, EnvUnowned, Outcome};
 
 use regorus::languages::rego::compiler::Compiler;
 use regorus::rvm::program::{
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeNewEngine(
-    _env: JNIEnv,
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
 ) -> jlong {
     let engine = Engine::new();
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeNewEngine(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClone(
-    _env: JNIEnv,
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jlong {
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClone(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetRegoV0(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     enable: bool,
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetRegoV0(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddPolicy(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     path: JString,
@@ -58,9 +60,9 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddPolicy(
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let path: String = env.get_string(&path)?.into();
-        let rego: String = env.get_string(&rego)?.into();
-        let pkg = env.new_string(engine.add_policy(path, rego)?)?;
+        let path: String = path.try_to_string(env)?;
+        let rego: String = rego.try_to_string(env)?;
+        let pkg = JString::new(env, engine.add_policy(path, rego)?)?;
         Ok(pkg.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -72,15 +74,15 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddPolicy(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddPolicyFromFile(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     path: JString,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let path: String = env.get_string(&path)?.into();
-        let pkg = env.new_string(engine.add_policy_from_file(path)?)?;
+        let path: String = path.try_to_string(env)?;
+        let pkg = JString::new(env, engine.add_policy_from_file(path)?)?;
         Ok(pkg.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -92,14 +94,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddPolicyFromFile
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetPackages(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
         let packages = engine.get_packages()?;
-        let packages_json = env.new_string(serde_json::to_string_pretty(&packages)?)?;
+        let packages_json = JString::new(env, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&packages)?)?;
         Ok(packages_json.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -111,14 +113,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetPackages(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetPolicies(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
         let policies = engine.get_policies_as_json()?;
-        let policies_json = env.new_string(&policies)?;
+        let policies_json = JString::new(env, &policies)?;
         Ok(policies_json.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetPolicies(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClearData(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) {
@@ -143,14 +145,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClearData(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddDataJson(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     data: JString,
 ) {
     let _ = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let data: String = env.get_string(&data)?.into();
+        let data: String = data.try_to_string(env)?;
         engine.add_data_json(&data)?;
         Ok(())
     });
@@ -158,14 +160,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddDataJson(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddDataJsonFromFile(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     path: JString,
 ) {
     let _ = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let path: String = env.get_string(&path)?.into();
+        let path: String = path.try_to_string(env)?;
         engine.add_data(Value::from_json_file(path)?)?;
         Ok(())
     });
@@ -173,14 +175,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeAddDataJsonFromFi
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetInputJson(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     input: JString,
 ) {
     let _ = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let input: String = env.get_string(&input)?.into();
+        let input: String = input.try_to_string(env)?;
         engine.set_input_json(&input)?;
         Ok(())
     });
@@ -188,14 +190,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetInputJson(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetInputJsonFromFile(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     path: JString,
 ) {
     let _ = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let path: String = env.get_string(&path)?.into();
+        let path: String = path.try_to_string(env)?;
         engine.set_input(Value::from_json_file(path)?);
         Ok(())
     });
@@ -203,16 +205,16 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetInputJsonFromF
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeEvalQuery(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     query: JString,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let query: String = env.get_string(&query)?.into();
+        let query: String = query.try_to_string(env)?;
         let results = engine.eval_query(query, false)?;
-        let output = env.new_string(serde_json::to_string(&results)?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, serde_json::to_string(&results)?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -224,16 +226,16 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeEvalQuery(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeEvalRule(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     rule: JString,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
-        let rule: String = env.get_string(&rule)?.into();
+        let rule: String = rule.try_to_string(env)?;
         let value = engine.eval_rule(rule)?;
-        let output = env.new_string(value.to_json_str()?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, value.to_json_str()?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeEvalRule(
 #[no_mangle]
 #[cfg(feature = "coverage")]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetEnableCoverage(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     enable: bool,
@@ -261,14 +263,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetEnableCoverage
 #[no_mangle]
 #[cfg(feature = "coverage")]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetCoverageReport(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
         let report = engine.get_coverage_report()?;
-        let output = env.new_string(serde_json::to_string_pretty(&report)?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&report)?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -281,14 +283,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetCoverageReport
 #[no_mangle]
 #[cfg(feature = "coverage")]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetCoverageReportPretty(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
         let report = engine.get_coverage_report()?.to_string_pretty()?;
-        let output = env.new_string(&report)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, &report)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -301,7 +303,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeGetCoverageReport
 #[no_mangle]
 #[cfg(feature = "coverage")]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClearCoverageData(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) {
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClearCoverageData
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetGatherPrints(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     b: bool,
@@ -328,14 +330,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetGatherPrints(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeTakePrints(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
         let prints = engine.take_prints()?;
-        let output = env.new_string(serde_json::to_string_pretty(&prints)?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&prints)?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -348,14 +350,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeTakePrints(
 #[no_mangle]
 #[cfg(feature = "ast")]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_getAstAsJson(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
         let ast = engine.get_ast_as_json()?;
-        let output = env.new_string(&ast)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, &ast)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -365,9 +367,73 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_getAstAsJson(
     }
 }
 
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeSetPolicyLengthConfig(
+    env: EnvUnowned,
+    _class: JClass,
+    engine_ptr: jlong,
+    max_col: u32,
+    max_file_bytes: jlong,
+    max_lines: jlong,
+) {
+    let _ = throw_err(env, |_env| {
+        let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
+        engine.set_policy_length_config(regorus::PolicyLengthConfig {
+            max_col: NonZeroU32::new(max_col)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("maxCol must be non-zero"))?,
+            max_file_bytes: NonZeroUsize::new(max_file_bytes as usize)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("maxFileBytes must be non-zero"))?,
+            max_lines: NonZeroUsize::new(max_lines as usize)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("maxLines must be non-zero"))?,
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    });
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeClearPolicyLengthConfig(
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
+    _class: JClass,
+    engine_ptr: jlong,
+) {
+    let engine = unsafe { &mut *(engine_ptr as *mut Engine) };
+    engine.clear_policy_length_config();
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_CacheConfig_nativeSetCacheConfig(
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
+    _class: JClass,
+    regex: jlong,
+    glob: jlong,
+) {
+    regorus::cache::configure(regorus::cache::Config {
+        regex: if regex < 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            usize::try_from(regex).unwrap_or(usize::MAX)
+        },
+        glob: if glob < 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            usize::try_from(glob).unwrap_or(usize::MAX)
+        },
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_CacheConfig_nativeClearCache(
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
+    _class: JClass,
+) {
+    regorus::cache::clear();
+}
+
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeDestroyEngine(
-    _env: JNIEnv,
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
 ) {
@@ -378,7 +444,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Engine_nativeDestroyEngine(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeCompileFromModules(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     data_json: JString,
     module_ids: jobjectArray,
@@ -386,7 +452,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeCompileFromModul
     entry_points: jobjectArray,
 ) -> jlong {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
-        let data_json: String = env.get_string(&data_json)?.into();
+        let data_json: String = data_json.try_to_string(env)?;
         let data = Value::from_json_str(&data_json)?;
 
         let ids = get_string_array(env, module_ids)?;
@@ -422,7 +488,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeCompileFromModul
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeCompileFromEngine(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     engine_ptr: jlong,
     entry_points: jobjectArray,
@@ -447,7 +513,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeCompileFromEngin
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeGenerateListing(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     program_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
@@ -455,7 +521,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeGenerateListing(
         let program = unsafe { &*(program_ptr as *mut Arc<RvmProgram>) };
         let listing =
             generate_assembly_listing(program.as_ref(), &AssemblyListingConfig::default());
-        let output = env.new_string(&listing)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, &listing)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -467,7 +533,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeGenerateListing(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeSerializeBinary(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     program_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jbyteArray {
@@ -491,7 +557,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeSerializeBinary(
 /// for the duration of the call. They must come from the JVM for the current
 /// thread and not be used after this function returns.
 pub unsafe extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeDeserializeBinary(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     data: jbyteArray,
     is_partial: jbooleanArray,
@@ -501,7 +567,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeDeseriali
             return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("data must not be null"));
         }
 
-        let data = unsafe { JByteArray::from_raw(data) };
+        let data = unsafe { JByteArray::from_raw(env, data) };
         let bytes = env.convert_byte_array(&data)?;
         let (program, partial) =
             match RvmProgram::deserialize_binary(&bytes).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e))? {
@@ -510,11 +576,15 @@ pub unsafe extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeDeseriali
             };
 
         if !is_partial.is_null() {
-            let is_partial = unsafe { JBooleanArray::from_raw(is_partial) };
-            let len = env.get_array_length(&is_partial)?;
+            let is_partial = unsafe { JBooleanArray::from_raw(env, is_partial) };
+            let len = is_partial.len(env)?;
             if len > 0 {
-                let value: [jboolean; 1] = [if partial { 1 } else { 0 }];
-                env.set_boolean_array_region(&is_partial, 0, &value)?;
+                let value: [jboolean; 1] = [if partial {
+                    jni::sys::JNI_TRUE
+                } else {
+                    jni::sys::JNI_FALSE
+                }];
+                is_partial.set_region(env, 0, &value)?;
             }
         }
 
@@ -526,7 +596,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeDeseriali
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeDrop(
-    _env: JNIEnv,
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     program_ptr: jlong,
 ) {
@@ -537,7 +607,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Program_nativeDrop(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeNew(
-    _env: JNIEnv,
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
 ) -> jlong {
     let vm = RegoVM::new();
@@ -546,7 +616,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeNew(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeLoadProgram(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
     program_ptr: jlong,
@@ -561,14 +631,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeLoadProgram(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeSetDataJson(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
     data_json: JString,
 ) {
     let _ = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let vm = unsafe { &mut *(vm_ptr as *mut RegoVM) };
-        let data_json: String = env.get_string(&data_json)?.into();
+        let data_json: String = data_json.try_to_string(env)?;
         let data = Value::from_json_str(&data_json)?;
         vm.set_data(data)?;
         Ok(())
@@ -577,14 +647,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeSetDataJson(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeSetInputJson(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
     input_json: JString,
 ) {
     let _ = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let vm = unsafe { &mut *(vm_ptr as *mut RegoVM) };
-        let input_json: String = env.get_string(&input_json)?.into();
+        let input_json: String = input_json.try_to_string(env)?;
         let input = Value::from_json_str(&input_json)?;
         vm.set_input(input);
         Ok(())
@@ -593,7 +663,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeSetInputJson(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeSetExecutionMode(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
     mode: u8,
@@ -612,14 +682,14 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeSetExecutionMode(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeExecute(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let vm = unsafe { &mut *(vm_ptr as *mut RegoVM) };
         let result = vm.execute()?;
-        let output = env.new_string(result.to_json_str()?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, result.to_json_str()?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -631,16 +701,16 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeExecute(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeExecuteEntryPoint(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
     entry_point: JString,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let vm = unsafe { &mut *(vm_ptr as *mut RegoVM) };
-        let entry_point: String = env.get_string(&entry_point)?.into();
+        let entry_point: String = entry_point.try_to_string(env)?;
         let result = vm.execute_entry_point_by_name(&entry_point)?;
-        let output = env.new_string(result.to_json_str()?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, result.to_json_str()?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -652,7 +722,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeExecuteEntryPoint(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeResume(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
     resume_json: JString,
@@ -661,13 +731,13 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeResume(
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let vm = unsafe { &mut *(vm_ptr as *mut RegoVM) };
         let value = if has_value {
-            let resume_json: String = env.get_string(&resume_json)?.into();
+            let resume_json: String = resume_json.try_to_string(env)?;
             Some(Value::from_json_str(&resume_json)?)
         } else {
             None
         };
         let result = vm.resume(value)?;
-        let output = env.new_string(result.to_json_str()?)?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, result.to_json_str()?)?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -679,13 +749,13 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeResume(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeGetExecutionState(
-    env: JNIEnv,
+    env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
 ) -> jstring {
     let res = throw_err(env, |env| {
         let vm = unsafe { &mut *(vm_ptr as *mut RegoVM) };
-        let output = env.new_string(format!("{:?}", vm.execution_state()))?;
+        let output = JString::new(env, format!("{:?}", vm.execution_state()))?;
         Ok(output.into_raw())
     });
 
@@ -697,7 +767,7 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeGetExecutionState(
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeDrop(
-    _env: JNIEnv,
+    _env: EnvUnowned,
     _class: JClass,
     vm_ptr: jlong,
 ) {
@@ -706,27 +776,57 @@ pub extern "system" fn Java_com_microsoft_regorus_Rvm_nativeDrop(
     }
 }
 
-fn throw_err<T>(mut env: JNIEnv, mut f: impl FnMut(&mut JNIEnv) -> Result<T>) -> Result<T> {
-    match f(&mut env) {
-        Ok(val) => Ok(val),
-        Err(err) => {
-            env.throw(err.to_string())?;
+fn throw_err<T>(mut env: EnvUnowned, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Env) -> Result<T>) -> Result<T> {
+    let outcome = env.with_env(|env| -> Result<T> {
+        match f(env) {
+            Ok(val) => Ok(val),
+            Err(err) => {
+                if let Err(throw_err) = env.throw_new(
+                    jni_str!("java/lang/RuntimeException"),
+                    JNIString::new(err.to_string()),
+                ) {
+                    return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                        "Failed to throw Java RuntimeException for error '{err}': {throw_err}"
+                    ));
+                }
+                Err(err)
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    match outcome.into_outcome() {
+        Outcome::Ok(val) => Ok(val),
+        Outcome::Err(err) => Err(err),
+        Outcome::Panic(payload) => {
+            let msg = payload
+                .downcast_ref::<String>()
+                .map(|s| s.as_str())
+                .or_else(|| payload.downcast_ref::<&str>().copied())
+                .unwrap_or("unknown panic");
+            let err = anyhow::anyhow!("panic: {msg}");
+            // Try to surface the panic as a Java exception.
+            let _ = env.with_env(|env| -> Result<()> {
+                env.throw_new(
+                    jni_str!("java/lang/RuntimeException"),
+                    JNIString::new(format!("Rust panic: {msg}")),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            });
             Err(err)
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn get_string_array(env: &mut JNIEnv, array: jobjectArray) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+fn get_string_array(env: &mut Env, array: jobjectArray) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
     if array.is_null() {
         return Ok(Vec::new());
     }
-    let array = unsafe { JObjectArray::from_raw(array) };
-    let len = env.get_array_length(&array)?;
-    let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+    let array = unsafe { JObjectArray::<JObject>::from_raw(env, array) };
+    let len = array.len(env)?;
+    let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(len);
     for i in 0..len {
-        let obj = env.get_object_array_element(&array, i)?;
-        let jstr = JString::from(obj);
-        let value: String = env.get_string(&jstr)?.into();
+        let obj = array.get_element(env, i)?;
+        let jstr = unsafe { JString::from_raw(env, obj.into_raw()) };
+        let value: String = jstr.try_to_string(env)?;
         values.push(value);
     }
     Ok(values)

bindings/java/src/main/java/com/microsoft/regorus/CacheConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+ * Licensed under the MIT License.
+ **/
+
+package com.microsoft.regorus;
+
+/**
+ * Global configuration for compiled pattern caches used by regex and glob builtins.
+ *
+ * <p>Capacity of 0 disables the corresponding cache.
+ */
+public final class CacheConfig {
+
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("regorus_java");
+    }
+
+    private static native void nativeSetCacheConfig(long regex, long glob);
+    private static native void nativeClearCache();
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum cached compiled regex patterns (default 256).
+     */
+    public final long regex;
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum cached compiled glob matchers (default 128).
+     */
+    public final long glob;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new cache configuration.
+     *
+     * @param regex Maximum cached compiled regex patterns (0 = disabled).
+     * @param glob Maximum cached compiled glob matchers (0 = disabled).
+     */
+    public CacheConfig(long regex, long glob) {
+        if (regex < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("regex must be non-negative");
+        }
+        if (glob < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("glob must be non-negative");
+        }
+        this.regex = regex;
+        this.glob = glob;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply this cache configuration globally.
+     */
+    public static void configure(CacheConfig config) {
+        nativeSetCacheConfig(config.regex, config.glob);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all entries from every pattern cache.
+     */
+    public static void clear() {
+        nativeClearCache();
+    }
+}

bindings/java/src/main/java/com/microsoft/regorus/Engine.java

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ public class Engine implements AutoCloseable, Cloneable {
     private static native void nativeClearCoverageData(long enginePtr);
     private static native void nativeSetGatherPrints(long enginePtr, boolean b);
     private static native String nativeTakePrints(long enginePtr);
+    private static native void nativeSetPolicyLengthConfig(long enginePtr, int maxCol, long maxFileBytes, long maxLines);
+    private static native void nativeClearPolicyLengthConfig(long enginePtr);
     private static native void nativeDestroyEngine(long enginePtr);
 
     // Pointer to Engine allocated on Rust's heap, all native methods works on
@@ -259,6 +261,22 @@ public class Engine implements AutoCloseable, Cloneable {
         return nativeTakePrints(enginePtr);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set the policy length limits used when loading policies.
+     *
+     * @param config Policy length configuration.
+     */
+    public void setPolicyLengthConfig(PolicyLengthConfig config) {
+        nativeSetPolicyLengthConfig(enginePtr, config.maxCol, config.maxFileBytes, config.maxLines);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the policy length configuration, reverting to defaults.
+     */
+    public void clearPolicyLengthConfig() {
+        nativeClearPolicyLengthConfig(enginePtr);
+    }
+
     long getPtr() {
         return enginePtr;
     }

bindings/java/src/main/java/com/microsoft/regorus/PolicyLengthConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+ * Licensed under the MIT License.
+ **/
+
+package com.microsoft.regorus;
+
+/**
+ * Policy source length limits enforced when loading policy files.
+ *
+ * All values must be positive (non-zero).
+ */
+public final class PolicyLengthConfig {
+    /**
+     * Maximum column width per line (default: 1024).
+     */
+    public final int maxCol;
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum policy file size in bytes (default: 1 MiB).
+     */
+    public final long maxFileBytes;
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum number of lines per policy file (default: 20000).
+     */
+    public final long maxLines;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new policy length configuration.
+     *
+     * @param maxCol Maximum column width per line.
+     * @param maxFileBytes Maximum policy file size in bytes.
+     * @param maxLines Maximum number of lines per policy file.
+     */
+    public PolicyLengthConfig(int maxCol, long maxFileBytes, long maxLines) {
+        if (maxCol <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxCol must be positive");
+        }
+        if (maxFileBytes <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxFileBytes must be positive");
+        }
+        if (maxLines <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxLines must be positive");
+        }
+        this.maxCol = maxCol;
+        this.maxFileBytes = maxFileBytes;
+        this.maxLines = maxLines;
+    }
+}

bindings/python/Cargo.lock

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "getrandom",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "once_cell",
  "serde",
  "version_check",
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "allocator-api2"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -36,9 +42,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.100"
+version = "1.0.102"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a23eb6b1614318a8071c9b2521f36b424b2c83db5eb3a0fead4a6c0809af6e61"
+checksum = "7f202df86484c868dbad7eaa557ef785d5c66295e41b460ef922eca0723b842c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
@@ -46,22 +52,6 @@ version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "base64"
-version = "0.22.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bincode"
-version = "2.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "36eaf5d7b090263e8150820482d5d93cd964a81e4019913c972f4edcc6edb740"
-dependencies = [
- "serde",
- "unty",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-set"
 version = "0.8.0"
@@ -79,9 +69,9 @@ checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.10.0"
+version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "812e12b5285cc515a9c72a5c1d3b6d46a19dac5acfef5265968c166106e31dd3"
+checksum = "843867be96c8daad0d758b57df9392b6d8d271134fce549de6ce169ff98a92af"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borrow-or-share"
@@ -101,9 +91,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.19.1"
+version = "3.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5dd9dc738b7a8311c7ade152424974d8115f2cdad61e8dab8dac9f2362298510"
+checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytecount"
@@ -113,9 +103,9 @@ checksum = "175812e0be2bccb6abe50bb8d566126198344f707e304f45c648fd8f2cc0365e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.55"
+version = "1.2.58"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "47b26a0954ae34af09b50f0de26458fa95369a0d478d8236d3f93082b219bd29"
+checksum = "e1e928d4b69e3077709075a938a05ffbedfa53a84c8f766efbf8220bb1ff60e1"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "shlex",
@@ -128,10 +118,21 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.43"
+name = "chacha20"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fac4744fb15ae8337dc853fee7fb3f4e48c0fbaa23d0afe49c447b4fab126118"
+checksum = "6f8d983286843e49675a4b7a2d174efe136dc93a18d69130dd18198a6c167601"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "chrono"
+version = "0.4.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c673075a2e0e5f4a1dde27ce9dee1ea4558c7ffe648f576438a20ca1d2acc4b0"
 dependencies = [
  "iana-time-zone",
  "js-sys",
@@ -150,12 +151,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "phf",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cobs"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0fa961b519f0b462e3a3b4a34b64d119eeaca1d59af726fe450bbba07a9fc0a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
 version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8b2a41393f66f16b0823bb79094d54ac5fbd34ab292ddafb9a0456ac9f87d201"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "data-encoding"
 version = "2.10.0"
@@ -182,6 +201,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-io"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef1a6892d9eef45c8fa6b9e0086428a2cca8491aca8f787c534a3d6d0bcb3ced"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-io"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edd0f118536f44f5ccd48bcb8b111bdc3de888b58c74639dfb034a357d0f206d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
 version = "1.0.2"
@@ -190,9 +221,9 @@ checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fancy-regex"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e24cb5a94bcae1e5408b0effca5cd7172ea3c5755049c5f3af4cd283a165298"
+checksum = "72cf461f865c862bb7dc573f643dd6a2b6842f7c30b07882b56bd148cc2761b8"
 dependencies = [
  "bit-set",
  "regex-automata",
@@ -207,15 +238,27 @@ checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fluent-uri"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1918b65d96df47d3591bed19c5cca17e3fa5d0707318e4b5ef2eae01764df7e5"
+checksum = "bc74ac4d8359ae70623506d512209619e5cf8f347124910440dbc221714b328e"
 dependencies = [
  "borrow-or-share",
  "ref-cast",
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "form_urlencoded"
 version = "1.2.2"
@@ -242,9 +285,25 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "899def5c37c4fd7b2664648c28120ecec138e4d395b459e5ca34f9cce2dd77fd"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
+ "js-sys",
  "libc",
- "r-efi",
+ "r-efi 5.3.0",
  "wasip2",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0de51e6874e94e7bf76d726fc5d13ba782deca734ff60d5bb2fb2607c7406555"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi 6.0.0",
+ "rand_core",
+ "wasip2",
+ "wasip3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -259,11 +318,25 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex-syntax",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.15.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+dependencies = [
+ "allocator-api2",
+ "equivalent",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
@@ -376,6 +449,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerovec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "id-arena"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -404,37 +483,28 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "indoc"
-version = "2.0.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79cf5c93f93228cf8efb3ba362535fb11199ac548a09ce117c9b1adc3030d706"
-dependencies = [
- "rustversion",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.11.0"
+version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "469fb0b9cefa57e3ef31275ee7cacb78f2fdca44e4765491884a2b119d4eb130"
+checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.17"
+version = "1.0.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "92ecc6618181def0457392ccd0ee51198e065e016d1d527a7ac1b6dc7c1f09d2"
+checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.85"
+version = "0.3.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8c942ebf8e95485ca0d52d97da7c5a2c387d0e7f0ba4c35e93bfcaee045955b3"
+checksum = "b49715b7073f385ba4bc528e5747d02e66cb39c6146efb66b781f131f0fb399c"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -442,27 +512,28 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1b46a0365a611fbf1d2143104dcf910aada96fafd295bab16c60b802bf6fa1d"
+checksum = "6f29616f6e19415398eb186964fb7cbbeef572c79bede3622a8277667924bbe3"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "base64",
  "bytecount",
+ "data-encoding",
  "email_address",
  "fancy-regex",
  "fraction",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "idna",
  "itoa",
  "num-cmp",
  "num-traits",
- "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "referencing",
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "unicode-general-category",
  "uuid-simd",
 ]
 
@@ -473,10 +544,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.180"
+name = "leb128fmt"
+version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bcc35a38544a891a5f7c865aca548a982ccb3b8650a5b06d0fd33a10283c56fc"
+checksum = "09edd9e8b54e49e587e4f6295a7d29c3ea94d469cb40ab8ca70b288248a81db2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.183"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5b646652bf6661599e1da8901b3b9522896f01e736bad5f723fe7a3a27f899d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "litemap"
@@ -500,19 +577,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "memchr"
-version = "2.7.6"
+name = "lru"
+version = "0.16.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f52b00d39961fc5b2736ea853c9cc86238e165017a493d1d5c8eac6bdc4cc273"
+checksum = "a1dc47f592c06f33f8e3aea9591776ec7c9f9e4124778ff8a3c3b87159f7e593"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "memoffset"
-version = "0.9.1"
+name = "memchr"
+version = "2.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "488016bfae457b036d996092f6cb448677611ce4449e970ceaf42695203f218a"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
-]
+checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "msvc_spectre_libs"
@@ -604,15 +678,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.21.3"
+version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ordered-float"
-version = "5.1.0"
+version = "5.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f4779c6901a562440c3786d08192c6fbda7c1c2060edd10006b05ee35d10f2d"
+checksum = "b7d950ca161dc355eaf28f82b11345ed76c6e1f6eb1f4f4479e0323b9e2fbd0e"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
@@ -672,9 +746,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
-version = "1.13.0"
+version = "1.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f89776e4d69bb58bc6993e99ffa1d11f228b839984854c7daeb5d37f87cbe950"
+checksum = "c33a9471896f1c69cecef8d20cbe2f7accd12527ce60845ff44c153bb2a21b49"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "postcard"
+version = "1.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6764c3b5dd454e283a30e6dfe78e9b31096d9e32036b5d1eaac7a6119ccb9a24"
+dependencies = [
+ "cobs",
+ "embedded-io 0.4.0",
+ "embedded-io 0.6.1",
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "potential_utf"
@@ -686,12 +772,13 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.21"
+name = "prettyplease"
+version = "0.2.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+checksum = "479ca8adacdd7ce8f1fb39ce9ecccbfe93a3f1344b3d0d97f20bc0196208f62b"
 dependencies = [
- "zerocopy",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -705,38 +792,33 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3"
-version = "0.24.2"
+version = "0.28.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e5203598f366b11a02b13aa20cab591229ff0a89fd121a308a5df751d5fc9219"
+checksum = "cf85e27e86080aafd5a22eae58a162e133a589551542b3e5cee4beb27e54f8e1"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "cfg-if",
- "indoc",
  "libc",
- "memoffset",
  "once_cell",
  "portable-atomic",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "pyo3-ffi",
  "pyo3-macros",
- "unindent",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-build-config"
-version = "0.24.2"
+version = "0.28.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "99636d423fa2ca130fa5acde3059308006d46f98caac629418e53f7ebb1e9999"
+checksum = "8bf94ee265674bf76c09fa430b0e99c26e319c945d96ca0d5a8215f31bf81cf7"
 dependencies = [
- "once_cell",
  "target-lexicon",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-ffi"
-version = "0.24.2"
+version = "0.28.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78f9cf92ba9c409279bc3305b5409d90db2d2c22392d443a87df3a1adad59e33"
+checksum = "491aa5fc66d8059dd44a75f4580a2962c1862a1c2945359db36f6c2818b748dc"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "pyo3-build-config",
@@ -744,9 +826,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros"
-version = "0.24.2"
+version = "0.28.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b999cb1a6ce21f9a6b147dcf1be9ffedf02e0043aec74dc390f3007047cecd9"
+checksum = "f5d671734e9d7a43449f8480f8b38115df67bef8d21f76837fa75ee7aaa5e52e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
@@ -756,9 +838,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros-backend"
-version = "0.24.2"
+version = "0.28.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "822ece1c7e1012745607d5cf0bcb2874769f0f7cb34c4cde03b9358eb9ef911a"
+checksum = "22faaa1ce6c430a1f71658760497291065e6450d7b5dc2bcf254d49f66ee700a"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -769,9 +851,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.44"
+version = "1.0.45"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21b2ebcf727b7760c461f091f9f0f539b77b8e87f2fd88131e7f1b433b3cece4"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -783,33 +865,27 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.9.2"
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
-]
+checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.9.0"
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+checksum = "bc266eb313df6c5c09c1c7b1fbe2510961e5bcd3add930c1e31f7ed9da0feff8"
 dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
+ "chacha20",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.9.5"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76afc826de14238e6e8c374ddcc1fa19e374fd8dd986b0d2af0d02377261d83c"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
-]
+checksum = "0c8d0fd677905edcbeedbf2edb6494d676f0e98d54d5cf9bda0b061cb8fb8aba"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
@@ -842,13 +918,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "referencing"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8eff4fa778b5c2a57e85c5f2fe3a709c52f0e60d23146e2151cbef5893f420e"
+checksum = "b8a618c14f8ba29d8193bb55e2bf13e4fb2b1115313ecb7ae94b43100c7ac7d5"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "fluent-uri",
- "once_cell",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
  "serde_json",
@@ -856,9 +933,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.12.2"
+version = "1.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "843bc0191f75f3e22651ae5f1e72939ab2f72a4bc30fa80a066bd66edefc24d4"
+checksum = "e10754a14b9137dd7b1e3e5b0493cc9171fdd105e0ab477f51b72e7f3ac0e276"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -868,9 +945,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.4.13"
+version = "0.4.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5276caf25ac86c8d810222b3dbb938e512c55c6831a10f3e6ed1c93b84041f1c"
+checksum = "6e1dd4122fc1595e8162618945476892eefca7b88c52820e74af6262213cae8f"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -879,16 +956,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.8.8"
+version = "0.8.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a2d987857b319362043e95f5353c0535c1f58eec5336fdfcf626430af7def58"
+checksum = "dc897dd8d9e8bd1ed8cdad82b5966c3e0ecae09fb1907d58efaa013543185d0a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regorus"
 version = "0.9.1"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "bincode",
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz",
  "data-encoding",
@@ -897,9 +973,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "ipnet",
  "jsonschema",
  "lazy_static",
+ "lru",
  "msvc_spectre_libs",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "postcard",
  "rand",
  "regex",
  "regorus-mimalloc",
@@ -946,9 +1025,9 @@ checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.22"
+version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a50f4cf475b65d88e057964e0e9bb1f0aa9bbb2036dc65c64596b42932536984"
+checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
@@ -1038,9 +1117,9 @@ checksum = "67b1b7a3b5fe4f1376887184045fcf45c69e92af734b7aaddc05fb777b6fbd03"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
-version = "0.9.8"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6980e8d7511241f8acf4aebddbb1ff938df5eebe98691418c4468d0b72a96a67"
+checksum = "d5fe4ccb98d9c292d56fec89a5e07da7fc4cf0dc11e156b41793132775d3e591"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "stable_deref_trait"
@@ -1050,9 +1129,9 @@ checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.114"
+version = "2.0.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4d107df263a3013ef9b1879b0df87d706ff80f65a86ea879bd9c31f9b307c2a"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1072,9 +1151,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "target-lexicon"
-version = "0.13.4"
+version = "0.13.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b1dd07eb858a2067e2f3c7155d54e929265c264e6f37efe3ee7a8d1b5a1dd0ba"
+checksum = "adb6935a6f5c20170eeceb1a3835a49e12e19d792f6dd344ccc76a985ca5a6ca"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
@@ -1107,16 +1186,22 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.22"
+name = "unicode-general-category"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9312f7c4f6ff9069b165498234ce8be658059c6728633667c526e27dc2cf1df5"
+checksum = "0b993bddc193ae5bd0d623b49ec06ac3e9312875fdae725a975c51db1cc1677f"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unindent"
-version = "0.2.4"
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7264e107f553ccae879d21fbea1d6724ac785e8c3bfc762137959b5802826ef3"
+checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unsafe-libyaml"
@@ -1124,12 +1209,6 @@ version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "673aac59facbab8a9007c7f6108d11f63b603f7cabff99fabf650fea5c32b861"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "unty"
-version = "0.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d49784317cd0d1ee7ec5c716dd598ec5b4483ea832a2dced265471cc0f690ae"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
 version = "2.5.8"
@@ -1150,14 +1229,12 @@ checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.20.0"
+version = "1.23.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee48d38b119b0cd71fe4141b30f5ba9c7c5d9f4e7a3a8b4a674e4b6ef789976f"
+checksum = "5ac8b6f42ead25368cf5b098aeb3dc8a1a2c05a3eee8a9a1a68c640edbfc79d9"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "js-sys",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "rand",
- "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1167,7 +1244,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23b082222b4f6619906941c17eb2297fff4c2fb96cb60164170522942a200bd8"
 dependencies = [
  "outref",
- "uuid",
  "vsimd",
 ]
 
@@ -1193,10 +1269,19 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.108"
+name = "wasip3"
+version = "0.4.0+wasi-0.3.0-rc-2026-01-06"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "64024a30ec1e37399cf85a7ffefebdb72205ca1c972291c51512360d90bd8566"
+checksum = "5428f8bf88ea5ddc08faddef2ac4a67e390b88186c703ce6dbd955e1c145aca5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.2.114"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6532f9a5c1ece3798cb1c2cfdba640b9b3ba884f5db45973a6f442510a87d38e"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -1207,9 +1292,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.114"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "008b239d9c740232e71bd39e8ef6429d27097518b6b30bdf9086833bd5b6d608"
+checksum = "18a2d50fcf105fb33bb15f00e7a77b772945a2ee45dcf454961fd843e74c18e6"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -1217,9 +1302,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.114"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5256bae2d58f54820e6490f9839c49780dff84c65aeab9e772f15d5f0e913a55"
+checksum = "03ce4caeaac547cdf713d280eda22a730824dd11e6b8c3ca9e42247b25c631e3"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -1230,13 +1315,47 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.114"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1f01b580c9ac74c8d8f0c0e4afb04eeef2acf145458e52c03845ee9cd23e3d12"
+checksum = "75a326b8c223ee17883a4251907455a2431acc2791c98c26279376490c378c16"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-encoder"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "990065f2fe63003fe337b932cfb5e3b80e0b4d0f5ff650e6985b1048f62c8319"
+dependencies = [
+ "leb128fmt",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-metadata"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmparser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+ "semver",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.62.2"
@@ -1301,6 +1420,88 @@ name = "wit-bindgen"
 version = "0.51.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "writeable"
@@ -1333,18 +1534,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.36"
+version = "0.8.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dafd85c832c1b68bbb4ec0c72c7f6f4fc5179627d2bc7c26b30e4c0cc11e76cc"
+checksum = "efbb2a062be311f2ba113ce66f697a4dc589f85e78a4aea276200804cea0ed87"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.36"
+version = "0.8.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7cb7e4e8436d9db52fbd6625dbf2f45243ab84994a72882ec8227b99e72b439a"
+checksum = "0e8bc7269b54418e7aeeef514aa68f8690b8c0489a06b0136e5f57c4c5ccab89"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1407,6 +1608,6 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zmij"
-version = "1.0.17"
+version = "1.0.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "02aae0f83f69aafc94776e879363e9771d7ecbffe2c7fbb6c14c5e00dfe88439"
+checksum = "b8848ee67ecc8aedbaf3e4122217aff892639231befc6a1b58d29fff4c2cabaa"

bindings/python/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@ keywords = ["interpreter", "opa", "policy-as-code", "rego"]
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [features]
-default = ["ast", "coverage", "regorus/std", "regorus/full-opa"]
+default = ["ast", "cache", "coverage", "regorus/std", "regorus/full-opa", "regorus/allocator-memory-limits"]
 ast = ["regorus/ast"]
+cache = ["regorus/cache"]
 coverage = ["regorus/coverage"]
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0"
-ordered-float = "5.0.0"
-pyo3 = { version = "0.24.1", features = ["abi3-py310", "anyhow", "extension-module"] }
+ordered-float = "5.3.0"
+pyo3 = { version = "0.28.2", features = ["abi3-py310", "anyhow", "extension-module"] }
 regorus = { path  = "../..", default-features = false, features = ["arc", "rvm"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.140"
 

bindings/python/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
+use core::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
 use pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::*;
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ impl Default for Engine {
 
 fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
     // dicts
-    Ok(if let Ok(dict) = ob.downcast::<PyDict>() {
+    Ok(if let Ok(dict) = ob.cast::<PyDict>() {
         let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
         for (k, v) in dict {
             map.insert(from(&k)?, from(&v)?);
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
         map.into()
     }
     // set
-    else if let Ok(pset) = ob.downcast::<PySet>() {
+    else if let Ok(pset) = ob.cast::<PySet>() {
         let mut set = BTreeSet::new();
         for v in pset {
             set.insert(from(&v)?);
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
         set.into()
     }
     // frozen set
-    else if let Ok(pfset) = ob.downcast::<PyFrozenSet>() {
+    else if let Ok(pfset) = ob.cast::<PyFrozenSet>() {
         //
         let mut set = BTreeSet::new();
         for v in pfset {
@@ -68,13 +69,13 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
         set.into()
     }
     // lists and tuples
-    else if let Ok(plist) = ob.downcast::<PyList>() {
+    else if let Ok(plist) = ob.cast::<PyList>() {
         let mut array = Vec::new();
         for v in plist {
             array.push(from(&v)?);
         }
         array.into()
-    } else if let Ok(ptuple) = ob.downcast::<PyTuple>() {
+    } else if let Ok(ptuple) = ob.cast::<PyTuple>() {
         let mut array = Vec::new();
         for v in ptuple {
             array.push(from(&v)?);
@@ -85,6 +86,10 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
     else if let Ok(s) = ob.extract::<String>() {
         s.into()
     }
+    // Boolean
+    else if let Ok(b) = ob.extract::<bool>() {
+        b.into()
+    }
     // Numeric
     else if let Ok(v) = ob.extract::<i64>() {
         v.into()
@@ -93,16 +98,12 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
     } else if let Ok(v) = ob.extract::<f64>() {
         v.into()
     }
-    // Boolean
-    else if let Ok(b) = ob.extract::<bool>() {
-        b.into()
-    }
     // None
-    else if ob.downcast::<PyNone>().is_ok() {
+    else if ob.cast::<PyNone>().is_ok() {
         Value::Null
     }
     // Anything that is a sequence
-    else if let Ok(pseq) = ob.downcast::<PySequence>() {
+    else if let Ok(pseq) = ob.cast::<PySequence>() {
         let mut array = Vec::new();
         for i in 0..pseq.len()? {
             array.push(from(&pseq.get_item(i)?)?);
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
         array.into()
     }
     // Anything that is a map
-    else if let Ok(pmap) = ob.downcast::<PyMapping>() {
+    else if let Ok(pmap) = ob.cast::<PyMapping>() {
         let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
         let keys = pmap.keys()?;
         let values = pmap.values()?;
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ fn from(ob: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> Result<Value, PyErr> {
     })
 }
 
-fn to(mut v: Value, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<PyObject> {
+fn to(mut v: Value, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<Py<PyAny>> {
     let obj = match v {
         Value::Null => None::<u64>.into_bound_py_any(py),
 
@@ -138,12 +139,17 @@ fn to(mut v: Value, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<PyObject> {
         Value::String(s) => s.into_bound_py_any(py),
 
         Value::Number(_) => {
-            if let Ok(f) = v.as_f64() {
+            if v.as_number()?.is_integer() {
+                if let Ok(u) = v.as_u64() {
+                    u.into_bound_py_any(py)
+                } else {
+                    v.as_i64()?.into_bound_py_any(py)
+                }
+            } else if let Ok(f) = v.as_f64() {
                 f.into_bound_py_any(py)
-            } else if let Ok(u) = v.as_u64() {
-                u.into_bound_py_any(py)
             } else {
-                v.as_i64()?.into_bound_py_any(py)
+                // fallback
+                v.as_f64()?.into_bound_py_any(py)
             }
         }
 
@@ -291,7 +297,7 @@ impl Engine {
     /// Evaluate query.
     ///
     /// * `query`: Rego expression to be evaluate.
-    pub fn eval_query(&mut self, query: String, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<PyObject> {
+    pub fn eval_query(&mut self, query: String, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<Py<PyAny>> {
         let results = self.engine.eval_query(query, false)?;
 
         let rlist = PyList::empty(py);
@@ -332,7 +338,7 @@ impl Engine {
     /// Evaluate rule.
     ///
     /// * `rule`: Full path to the rule.
-    pub fn eval_rule(&mut self, rule: String, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<PyObject> {
+    pub fn eval_rule(&mut self, rule: String, py: Python<'_>) -> Result<Py<PyAny>> {
         to(self.engine.eval_rule(rule)?, py)
     }
 
@@ -344,6 +350,78 @@ impl Engine {
         v.to_json_str()
     }
 
+    /// Registers a custom Python function as a Rego extension.
+    ///
+    /// This allows you to define functions in Python that can be called directly
+    /// from your Rego policies. The Python function will be called synchronously
+    /// during policy evaluation.
+    ///
+    /// Arguments passed from Rego are automatically converted to their corresponding
+    /// Python types. The return value is converted back to a Rego value.
+    ///
+    /// * `path`: Full path to the function as it will be used in Rego.
+    /// * `nargs`: The number of arguments the function expects.
+    /// * `extension`: The Python function to execute. Must accept exactly `nargs` arguments.
+    ///
+    /// Note: When the engine is cloned, extensions share the same Python callable reference
+    /// rather than being deep-copied. Stateful callables will share state across clones.
+    pub fn add_extension(&mut self, path: String, nargs: u8, extension: Py<PyAny>) -> Result<()> {
+        Python::attach(|py| {
+            if !extension.bind(py).is_callable() {
+                return Err(anyhow!("extension '{}' must be callable", path));
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        let func_ref = Arc::new(extension);
+        let path_clone = path.clone();
+
+        let extension_impl = move |args: Vec<Value>| -> Result<Value, anyhow::Error> {
+            Python::attach(|py| {
+                let py_args_vec: Result<Vec<Py<PyAny>>> =
+                    args.into_iter().map(|arg| to(arg, py)).collect();
+                let py_args = PyTuple::new(py, py_args_vec?)?;
+                let py_result = func_ref.call1(py, py_args).map_err(|e| {
+                    anyhow!("extension '{}' raises Python error: {}", path_clone, e)
+                })?;
+                let rego_result = from(&py_result.into_bound(py))?;
+                Ok(rego_result)
+            })
+        };
+
+        self.engine
+            .add_extension(path, nargs, Box::new(extension_impl))
+    }
+
+    /// Set the policy length limits used when loading policies.
+    ///
+    /// * `max_col`: Maximum column width per line.
+    /// * `max_file_bytes`: Maximum policy file size in bytes.
+    /// * `max_lines`: Maximum number of lines per policy file.
+    #[pyo3(signature = (*, max_col, max_file_bytes, max_lines))]
+    pub fn set_policy_length_config(
+        &mut self,
+        max_col: u32,
+        max_file_bytes: usize,
+        max_lines: usize,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.engine
+            .set_policy_length_config(::regorus::PolicyLengthConfig {
+                max_col: NonZeroU32::new(max_col)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("max_col must be non-zero"))?,
+                max_file_bytes: NonZeroUsize::new(max_file_bytes)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("max_file_bytes must be non-zero"))?,
+                max_lines: NonZeroUsize::new(max_lines)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("max_lines must be non-zero"))?,
+            });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Clear the policy length configuration, reverting to defaults.
+    pub fn clear_policy_length_config(&mut self) {
+        self.engine.clear_policy_length_config();
+    }
+
     /// Enable code coverage
     ///
     /// * `enable`: Whether to enable coverage or not.
@@ -544,10 +622,33 @@ impl Rvm {
     }
 }
 
+/// Configure the global pattern caches used by `regex.*` and `glob.*` builtins.
+///
+/// * `regex`: Maximum cached compiled regex patterns (default 256, 0 = disabled).
+/// * `glob`: Maximum cached compiled glob matchers (default 128, 0 = disabled).
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[pyfunction]
+#[pyo3(signature = (*, regex = 256, glob = 128))]
+fn set_cache_config(regex: usize, glob: usize) {
+    ::regorus::cache::configure(::regorus::cache::Config { regex, glob });
+}
+
+/// Clear all entries from every pattern cache.
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[pyfunction]
+fn clear_cache() {
+    ::regorus::cache::clear();
+}
+
 #[pymodule]
 pub fn regorus(_py: Python<'_>, m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add_class::<crate::Engine>()?;
     m.add_class::<crate::Program>()?;
     m.add_class::<crate::Rvm>()?;
+    #[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+    {
+        m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(set_cache_config, m)?)?;
+        m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(clear_cache, m)?)?;
+    }
     Ok(())
 }

bindings/python/test.py

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
-
 import regorus
 import sys
 
 if hasattr(sys.stdout, "reconfigure"):
   sys.stdout.reconfigure(encoding="utf-8")
 
+# Configure the global pattern caches.
+regorus.set_cache_config(regex=256, glob=128)
+
 # Create engine
 engine = regorus.Engine()
 
 engine.set_rego_v0(True)
+# Raise the default col limit to 2000
+engine.set_policy_length_config(max_col=2000, max_file_bytes=1048576, max_lines=20000)
 
 # Load policies
 pkg = engine.add_policy_from_file('../../tests/aci/framework.rego')
@@ -163,3 +167,254 @@ def run_host_await_example():
   print(vm.resume('{"tier":"gold"}'))
 
 run_host_await_example()
+
+def test_extension_execution():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result := greeting(a, b) if {
+          a := data.a
+          b := data.b
+        }
+        """)
+
+    def custom_function(arg1, arg2):
+        return f"{arg1}, {arg2}!"
+    rego.add_extension("greeting", 2, custom_function)
+
+    rego.add_data({"a": "Hello", "b": "World"})
+    result = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.result")
+    assert result == "Hello, World!", f"Unexpected result: {result}"
+
+test_extension_execution()
+
+def test_extension_wrong_arity():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result := greeting(a, b) if {
+          a := data.a
+          b := data.b
+        }
+        """)
+
+    def custom_function(arg1, arg2):
+        return f"{arg1}, {arg2}!"
+
+    rego.add_extension("greeting", 3, custom_function)
+    rego.add_data({"a": "Hello", "b": "World"})
+
+    try:
+        rego.eval_rule("data.demo.result")
+    except RuntimeError as ex:
+        assert "error: incorrect number of parameters supplied to extension" in str(ex) 
+    else:
+        assert False, "exception not thrown"
+
+test_extension_wrong_arity()
+
+def test_extension_raises_exception():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result := greeting(a, b) if {
+          a := data.a
+          b := data.b
+        }
+        """)
+
+    def custom_function(arg1, arg2):
+        raise RuntimeError("unknown error")
+
+    rego.add_extension("greeting", 2, custom_function)
+    rego.add_data({"a": "Hello", "b": "World"})
+
+    try:
+        rego.eval_rule("data.demo.result")
+    except RuntimeError as ex:
+        assert "error: extension 'greeting' raises Python error: RuntimeError: unknown error" in str(ex) 
+    else:
+        assert False, "exception not thrown"
+
+test_extension_raises_exception()
+
+
+def test_extension_zero_arg():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result := greeting()
+        """)
+
+    def custom_function():
+        return "Hello, World!"
+
+    rego.add_extension("greeting", 0, custom_function)
+    rego.add_data({"a": "Hello", "b": "World"})
+
+    result = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.result")
+    assert result == "Hello, World!", f"Unexpected result: {result}"
+
+test_extension_zero_arg()
+
+def test_extension_non_callable():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result := greeting()
+        """)
+
+    try:
+        rego.add_extension("greeting", 0, 123)
+    except RuntimeError as ex:
+        assert "extension 'greeting' must be callable" in str(ex)
+    else:
+        assert False, "exception not thrown"
+
+test_extension_non_callable()
+
+
+def test_extension_duplicate():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result := greeting()
+        """)
+
+    def custom_function1(arg1, arg2):
+        return f"{arg1}, {arg2}!"
+    def custom_function2(arg1, arg2):
+        return f"{arg1}, {arg2}!"
+
+    rego.add_extension("greeting", 0, custom_function1)
+
+    try:
+        rego.add_extension("greeting", 0, custom_function2)
+    except RuntimeError as ex:
+        assert "extension already added" in str(ex)
+    else:
+        assert False, "exception not thrown"
+
+test_extension_duplicate()
+
+
+def test_extension_types():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        i := custom.triple(10)
+        f := custom.triple(2.5)
+        b1 := custom.negate(true)
+        b2 := custom.negate(false)
+
+        a := custom.first([true, null, 1])
+        b := custom.first([null, null, 1])
+        c := custom.first([null, null, null])
+
+        object := custom.modify_object({"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        list := custom.modify_list([3, 4])
+        set := custom.modify_set({5, 6})
+        """)
+
+    def triple(n):
+        return n*3
+
+    def negate(b):
+        return not b
+
+    def first(lst):
+        for i in lst:
+            if i is not None:
+                return i
+        return None
+
+    def modify_object(object):
+        assert isinstance(object, dict)
+        return {k: v*2 for k, v in object.items()}
+
+    def modify_list(lst):
+        assert isinstance(lst, list)
+        return [x*2 for x in lst]
+
+    def modify_set(st):
+        assert isinstance(st, set)
+        return {x*2 for x in st}
+
+    rego.add_extension("custom.triple", 1, triple)
+    rego.add_extension("custom.negate", 1, negate)
+    rego.add_extension("custom.first", 1, first)
+    rego.add_extension("custom.modify_object", 1, modify_object)
+    rego.add_extension("custom.modify_list", 1, modify_list)
+    rego.add_extension("custom.modify_set", 1, modify_set)
+
+    i = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.i")
+    assert i == 30, f"Unexpected result for 'i': {i}"
+
+    f = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.f")
+    assert f == 7.5, f"Unexpected result for 'f': {f}"
+
+    b1 = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.b1")
+    assert b1 == False, f"Unexpected result for 'b1': {b1}"
+
+    b2 = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.b2")
+    assert b2 == True, f"Unexpected result for 'b2': {b2}"
+
+    a = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.a")
+    assert a == True, f"Unexpected result for 'a': {a}"
+
+    b = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.b")
+    assert b == 1, f"Unexpected result for 'b': {b}"
+
+    c = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.c")
+    assert c is None, f"Unexpected result for 'c': {c}"
+
+    obj = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.object")
+    assert obj == {"a": 2, "b": 4}, f"Unexpected object: {obj}"
+
+    lst = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.list")
+    assert lst == [6, 8], f"Unexpected list: {lst}"
+
+    st = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.set")
+    assert st == {10, 12}, f"Unexpected set: {st}"
+
+test_extension_types()
+
+def test_boolean_mapping():
+    rego = regorus.Engine()
+    rego.add_policy("demo",
+        """
+        package demo
+
+        result_b := data.a if {
+            data.a == true
+        }
+
+        result_i := data.b if {
+            data.b == 1
+        }
+        """)
+    rego.add_data({"a": True, "b": 1})
+
+    result_b = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.result_b")
+    assert isinstance(result_b, bool), f"Expected bool, got {type(result_b)}"
+    assert result_b, f"Unexpected result for 'result_b': {result_b}"
+
+    result_i = rego.eval_rule("data.demo.result_i")
+    assert isinstance(result_i, int), f"Expected int, got {type(result_i)}"
+    assert result_i == 1, f"Unexpected result for 'result_i': {result_i}"
+
+test_boolean_mapping()

bindings/ruby/Cargo.lock

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "getrandom",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "once_cell",
  "serde",
  "version_check",
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "allocator-api2"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -36,9 +42,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.100"
+version = "1.0.102"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a23eb6b1614318a8071c9b2521f36b424b2c83db5eb3a0fead4a6c0809af6e61"
+checksum = "7f202df86484c868dbad7eaa557ef785d5c66295e41b460ef922eca0723b842c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
@@ -46,12 +52,6 @@ version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "base64"
-version = "0.22.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bindgen"
 version = "0.69.5"
@@ -147,10 +147,21 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.43"
+name = "chacha20"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fac4744fb15ae8337dc853fee7fb3f4e48c0fbaa23d0afe49c447b4fab126118"
+checksum = "6f8d983286843e49675a4b7a2d174efe136dc93a18d69130dd18198a6c167601"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "chrono"
+version = "0.4.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c673075a2e0e5f4a1dde27ce9dee1ea4558c7ffe648f576438a20ca1d2acc4b0"
 dependencies = [
  "iana-time-zone",
  "js-sys",
@@ -186,6 +197,15 @@ version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8b2a41393f66f16b0823bb79094d54ac5fbd34ab292ddafb9a0456ac9f87d201"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "data-encoding"
 version = "2.10.0"
@@ -226,9 +246,9 @@ checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fancy-regex"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e24cb5a94bcae1e5408b0effca5cd7172ea3c5755049c5f3af4cd283a165298"
+checksum = "72cf461f865c862bb7dc573f643dd6a2b6842f7c30b07882b56bd148cc2761b8"
 dependencies = [
  "bit-set",
  "regex-automata",
@@ -243,15 +263,27 @@ checksum = "8591b0bcc8a98a64310a2fae1bb3e9b8564dd10e381e6e28010fde8e8e8568db"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fluent-uri"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1918b65d96df47d3591bed19c5cca17e3fa5d0707318e4b5ef2eae01764df7e5"
+checksum = "bc74ac4d8359ae70623506d512209619e5cf8f347124910440dbc221714b328e"
 dependencies = [
  "borrow-or-share",
  "ref-cast",
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "form_urlencoded"
 version = "1.2.2"
@@ -278,9 +310,25 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "899def5c37c4fd7b2664648c28120ecec138e4d395b459e5ca34f9cce2dd77fd"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
+ "js-sys",
  "libc",
- "r-efi",
+ "r-efi 5.3.0",
  "wasip2",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0de51e6874e94e7bf76d726fc5d13ba782deca734ff60d5bb2fb2607c7406555"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi 6.0.0",
+ "rand_core",
+ "wasip2",
+ "wasip3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -301,11 +349,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex-syntax",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.15.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+dependencies = [
+ "allocator-api2",
+ "equivalent",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
@@ -412,6 +480,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerovec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "id-arena"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -440,14 +514,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.11.0"
+version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "469fb0b9cefa57e3ef31275ee7cacb78f2fdca44e4765491884a2b119d4eb130"
+checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
@@ -476,27 +552,28 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1b46a0365a611fbf1d2143104dcf910aada96fafd295bab16c60b802bf6fa1d"
+checksum = "6f29616f6e19415398eb186964fb7cbbeef572c79bede3622a8277667924bbe3"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "base64",
  "bytecount",
+ "data-encoding",
  "email_address",
  "fancy-regex",
  "fraction",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "idna",
  "itoa",
  "num-cmp",
  "num-traits",
- "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "referencing",
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "unicode-general-category",
  "uuid-simd",
 ]
 
@@ -512,6 +589,12 @@ version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "830d08ce1d1d941e6b30645f1a0eb5643013d835ce3779a5fc208261dbe10f55"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "leb128fmt"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09edd9e8b54e49e587e4f6295a7d29c3ea94d469cb40ab8ca70b288248a81db2"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
 version = "0.2.180"
@@ -550,10 +633,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "magnus"
-version = "0.7.1"
+name = "lru"
+version = "0.16.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3d87ae53030f3a22e83879e666cb94e58a7bdf31706878a0ba48752994146dab"
+checksum = "a1dc47f592c06f33f8e3aea9591776ec7c9f9e4124778ff8a3c3b87159f7e593"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "magnus"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b36a5b126bbe97eb0d02d07acfeb327036c6319fd816139a49824a83b7f9012"
 dependencies = [
  "magnus-macros",
  "rb-sys",
@@ -563,9 +652,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "magnus-macros"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5968c820e2960565f647819f5928a42d6e874551cab9d88d75e3e0660d7f71e3"
+checksum = "47607461fd8e1513cb4f2076c197d8092d921a1ea75bd08af97398f593751892"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -578,20 +667,6 @@ version = "2.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f52b00d39961fc5b2736ea853c9cc86238e165017a493d1d5c8eac6bdc4cc273"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "mimalloc"
-version = "2.2.6"
-dependencies = [
- "mimalloc-sys",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "mimalloc-sys"
-version = "0.0.0"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "minimal-lexical"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -765,12 +840,13 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.21"
+name = "prettyplease"
+version = "0.2.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+checksum = "479ca8adacdd7ce8f1fb39ce9ecccbfe93a3f1344b3d0d97f20bc0196208f62b"
 dependencies = [
- "zerocopy",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -798,33 +874,27 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.9.2"
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
-]
+checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.9.0"
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+checksum = "bc266eb313df6c5c09c1c7b1fbe2510961e5bcd3add930c1e31f7ed9da0feff8"
 dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
+ "chacha20",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.9.5"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76afc826de14238e6e8c374ddcc1fa19e374fd8dd986b0d2af0d02377261d83c"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
-]
+checksum = "0c8d0fd677905edcbeedbf2edb6494d676f0e98d54d5cf9bda0b061cb8fb8aba"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rb-sys"
@@ -852,9 +922,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rb-sys-env"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a35802679f07360454b418a5d1735c89716bde01d35b1560fc953c1415a0b3bb"
+checksum = "cca7ad6a7e21e72151d56fe2495a259b5670e204c3adac41ee7ef676ea08117a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
@@ -887,13 +957,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "referencing"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8eff4fa778b5c2a57e85c5f2fe3a709c52f0e60d23146e2151cbef5893f420e"
+checksum = "b8a618c14f8ba29d8193bb55e2bf13e4fb2b1115313ecb7ae94b43100c7ac7d5"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "fluent-uri",
- "once_cell",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
  "serde_json",
@@ -901,9 +972,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.12.2"
+version = "1.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "843bc0191f75f3e22651ae5f1e72939ab2f72a4bc30fa80a066bd66edefc24d4"
+checksum = "e10754a14b9137dd7b1e3e5b0493cc9171fdd105e0ab477f51b72e7f3ac0e276"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -930,37 +1001,56 @@ checksum = "7a2d987857b319362043e95f5353c0535c1f58eec5336fdfcf626430af7def58"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regorus"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.9.1"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz",
  "data-encoding",
  "globset",
+ "indexmap",
  "ipnet",
  "jsonschema",
  "lazy_static",
- "mimalloc",
+ "lru",
  "msvc_spectre_libs",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
+ "parking_lot",
  "rand",
  "regex",
+ "regorus-mimalloc",
  "semver",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_yaml",
+ "spin",
  "thiserror",
  "url",
  "uuid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "regorus-mimalloc"
+version = "2.2.6"
+dependencies = [
+ "regorus-mimalloc-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "regorus-mimalloc-sys"
+version = "2.2.6"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "regorusrb"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.9.1"
 dependencies = [
  "magnus",
  "regorus",
+ "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_magnus",
 ]
@@ -1046,9 +1136,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_magnus"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "51b8b945a2dadb221f1c5490cfb411cab6c3821446b8eca50ee07e5a3893ec51"
+checksum = "8ff64c88ddd26acdcad5a501f18bcc339927b77b69f4a03bfaf2a6fc5ba2ac4b"
 dependencies = [
  "magnus",
  "serde",
@@ -1092,6 +1182,12 @@ version = "1.15.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "67b1b7a3b5fe4f1376887184045fcf45c69e92af734b7aaddc05fb777b6fbd03"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d5fe4ccb98d9c292d56fec89a5e07da7fc4cf0dc11e156b41793132775d3e591"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "stable_deref_trait"
 version = "1.2.1"
@@ -1156,12 +1252,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerovec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-general-category"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b993bddc193ae5bd0d623b49ec06ac3e9312875fdae725a975c51db1cc1677f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9312f7c4f6ff9069b165498234ce8be658059c6728633667c526e27dc2cf1df5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unsafe-libyaml"
 version = "0.2.11"
@@ -1188,14 +1296,12 @@ checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.19.0"
+version = "1.23.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e2e054861b4bd027cd373e18e8d8d8e6548085000e41290d95ce0c373a654b4a"
+checksum = "5ac8b6f42ead25368cf5b098aeb3dc8a1a2c05a3eee8a9a1a68c640edbfc79d9"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "js-sys",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "rand",
- "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1205,7 +1311,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23b082222b4f6619906941c17eb2297fff4c2fb96cb60164170522942a200bd8"
 dependencies = [
  "outref",
- "uuid",
  "vsimd",
 ]
 
@@ -1230,6 +1335,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "wit-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasip3"
+version = "0.4.0+wasi-0.3.0-rc-2026-01-06"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5428f8bf88ea5ddc08faddef2ac4a67e390b88186c703ce6dbd955e1c145aca5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
 version = "0.2.108"
@@ -1275,6 +1389,40 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-encoder"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "990065f2fe63003fe337b932cfb5e3b80e0b4d0f5ff650e6985b1048f62c8319"
+dependencies = [
+ "leb128fmt",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-metadata"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmparser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+ "semver",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.62.2"
@@ -1339,6 +1487,88 @@ name = "wit-bindgen"
 version = "0.51.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "writeable"

bindings/ruby/Gemfile

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ gemspec
 
 # These gems are required for local development and testing,
 # but won't be included in the published gem
-gem "minitest", "~> 5.25"
-gem "rake", "~> 13.2"
-gem "rake-compiler", "~> 1.2"
-gem "rake-compiler-dock", "~> 1.9"
-gem "rubocop", "~> 1.73", require: false
-gem "rubocop-minitest", "~> 0.37.1", require: false
+gem "minitest", "~> 6.0"
+gem "rake", "~> 13.3"
+gem "rake-compiler", "~> 1.3"
+gem "rake-compiler-dock", "~> 1.11"
+gem "rubocop", "~> 1.86", require: false
+gem "rubocop-minitest", "~> 0.39.1", require: false
 gem "rubocop-rake", "~> 0.7.1", require: false

bindings/ruby/Gemfile.lock

@@ -7,25 +7,30 @@ PATH
 GEM
   remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
-    ast (2.4.2)
-    json (2.10.2)
-    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.4)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    json (2.19.2)
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.5)
     lint_roller (1.1.0)
-    minitest (5.25.4)
-    parallel (1.26.3)
-    parser (3.3.7.1)
+    minitest (6.0.3)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      prism (~> 1.5)
+    parallel (1.27.0)
+    parser (3.3.10.2)
       ast (~> 2.4.1)
       racc
+    prism (1.9.0)
     racc (1.8.1)
     rainbow (3.1.1)
-    rake (13.2.1)
-    rake-compiler (1.2.9)
+    rake (13.3.1)
+    rake-compiler (1.3.1)
       rake
-    rake-compiler-dock (1.9.1)
-    rb_sys (0.9.111)
-      rake-compiler-dock (= 1.9.1)
-    regexp_parser (2.10.0)
-    rubocop (1.73.2)
+    rake-compiler-dock (1.11.0)
+    rb_sys (0.9.125)
+      json (>= 2)
+      rake-compiler-dock (= 1.11.0)
+    regexp_parser (2.11.3)
+    rubocop (1.86.0)
       json (~> 2.3)
       language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
       lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
@@ -33,35 +38,36 @@ GEM
       parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
       rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
       regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
-      rubocop-ast (>= 1.38.0, < 2.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
       ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
       unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
-    rubocop-ast (1.38.1)
-      parser (>= 3.3.1.0)
-    rubocop-minitest (0.37.1)
+    rubocop-ast (1.49.1)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    rubocop-minitest (0.39.1)
       lint_roller (~> 1.1)
-      rubocop (>= 1.72.1, < 2.0)
+      rubocop (>= 1.75.0, < 2.0)
       rubocop-ast (>= 1.38.0, < 2.0)
     rubocop-rake (0.7.1)
       lint_roller (~> 1.1)
       rubocop (>= 1.72.1)
     ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
-    unicode-display_width (3.1.4)
-      unicode-emoji (~> 4.0, >= 4.0.4)
-    unicode-emoji (4.0.4)
+    unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
 
 PLATFORMS
   ruby
   x86_64-linux
 
 DEPENDENCIES
-  minitest (~> 5.25)
-  rake (~> 13.2)
-  rake-compiler (~> 1.2)
-  rake-compiler-dock (~> 1.9)
+  minitest (~> 6.0)
+  rake (~> 13.3)
+  rake-compiler (~> 1.3)
+  rake-compiler-dock (~> 1.11)
   regorusrb!
-  rubocop (~> 1.73)
-  rubocop-minitest (~> 0.37.1)
+  rubocop (~> 1.86)
+  rubocop-minitest (~> 0.39.1)
   rubocop-rake (~> 0.7.1)
 
 BUNDLED WITH

bindings/ruby/ext/regorusrb/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [features]
-default = ["ast", "coverage", "regorus/std", "regorus/full-opa"]
+default = ["ast", "cache", "coverage", "regorus/std", "regorus/full-opa", "regorus/allocator-memory-limits"]
 ast = ["regorus/ast"]
+cache = ["regorus/cache"]
 coverage = ["regorus/coverage"]
 
 [dependencies]
-magnus = { version = "0.7.1" }
+magnus = { version = "0.8.2" }
 regorus = { path = "../../../..", default-features = false, features = ["arc"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.140"
-serde_magnus = "0.9.0"
+serde_magnus = "0.11.0"

bindings/ruby/ext/regorusrb/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,26 @@
+use core::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
 use magnus::{Error, Ruby, exception::runtime_error, method, module, prelude::*};
 use regorus::Engine as RegorusEngine;
+use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 // `Value` exists under magnus, regorus, and serde_json, so be explicit
 
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct PolicyLengthSpec {
+    max_col: u32,
+    max_file_bytes: usize,
+    max_lines: usize,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct CacheConfigSpec {
+    regex: usize,
+    glob: usize,
+}
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 #[magnus::wrap(class = "Regorus::Engine")]
 pub struct Engine {
@@ -55,15 +71,17 @@ impl Engine {
             .map_err(|e| Error::new(runtime_error(), format!("Failed to add policy: {e}")))
     }
 
-    fn add_data(&self, ruby_hash: magnus::RHash) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let data_value: regorus::Value = serde_magnus::deserialize(ruby_hash).map_err(|e| {
-            Error::new(
-                runtime_error(),
-                format!("Failed to deserialize Ruby value: {e}"),
-            )
-        })?;
+    fn add_data(ruby: &Ruby, rb_self: &Self, ruby_hash: magnus::RHash) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let data_value: regorus::Value =
+            serde_magnus::deserialize(ruby, ruby_hash).map_err(|e| {
+                Error::new(
+                    runtime_error(),
+                    format!("Failed to deserialize Ruby value: {e}"),
+                )
+            })?;
 
-        self.engine
+        rb_self
+            .engine
             .borrow_mut()
             .add_data(data_value)
             .map_err(|e| Error::new(runtime_error(), format!("Failed to add data: {e}")))
@@ -111,15 +129,16 @@ impl Engine {
             .map_err(|e| Error::new(runtime_error(), format!("Failed to get policies: {e}")))
     }
 
-    fn set_input(&self, ruby_hash: magnus::RHash) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let input_value: regorus::Value = serde_magnus::deserialize(ruby_hash).map_err(|e| {
-            Error::new(
-                runtime_error(),
-                format!("Failed to deserialize Ruby value: {e}"),
-            )
-        })?;
+    fn set_input(ruby: &Ruby, rb_self: &Self, ruby_hash: magnus::RHash) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let input_value: regorus::Value =
+            serde_magnus::deserialize(ruby, ruby_hash).map_err(|e| {
+                Error::new(
+                    runtime_error(),
+                    format!("Failed to deserialize Ruby value: {e}"),
+                )
+            })?;
 
-        self.engine.borrow_mut().set_input(input_value);
+        rb_self.engine.borrow_mut().set_input(input_value);
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -142,14 +161,14 @@ impl Engine {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn eval_query(&self, query: String) -> Result<magnus::Value, Error> {
-        let results = self
+    fn eval_query(ruby: &Ruby, rb_self: &Self, query: String) -> Result<magnus::Value, Error> {
+        let results = rb_self
             .engine
             .borrow_mut()
             .eval_query(query, false)
             .map_err(|e| Error::new(runtime_error(), format!("Failed to evaluate query: {e}")))?;
 
-        serde_magnus::serialize(&results).map_err(|e| {
+        serde_magnus::serialize(ruby, &results).map_err(|e| {
             Error::new(
                 runtime_error(),
                 format!("Failed to serailzie query results: {e}"),
@@ -177,15 +196,19 @@ impl Engine {
         })
     }
 
-    fn eval_rule(&self, query: String) -> Result<Option<magnus::Value>, Error> {
+    fn eval_rule(
+        ruby: &Ruby,
+        rb_self: &Self,
+        query: String,
+    ) -> Result<Option<magnus::Value>, Error> {
         let result =
-            self.engine.borrow_mut().eval_rule(query).map_err(|e| {
+            rb_self.engine.borrow_mut().eval_rule(query).map_err(|e| {
                 Error::new(runtime_error(), format!("Failed to evaluate rule: {e}"))
             })?;
 
         match result {
-            regorus::Value::Undefined => Ok(None), // Convert undefined to Ruby's nil
-            _ => serde_magnus::serialize(&result) // Serialize other results normally
+            regorus::Value::Undefined => Ok(None),
+            _ => serde_magnus::serialize(ruby, &result)
                 .map(Some)
                 .map_err(|e| {
                     magnus::Error::new(
@@ -280,6 +303,34 @@ impl Engine {
         })
     }
 
+    fn set_policy_length_config(
+        ruby: &Ruby,
+        rb_self: &Self,
+        hash: magnus::RHash,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let spec: PolicyLengthSpec = serde_magnus::deserialize(ruby, hash).map_err(|e| {
+            Error::new(
+                runtime_error(),
+                format!("Failed to deserialize policy length config: {e}"),
+            )
+        })?;
+        let config = regorus::PolicyLengthConfig {
+            max_col: NonZeroU32::new(spec.max_col)
+                .ok_or_else(|| Error::new(runtime_error(), "max_col must be non-zero"))?,
+            max_file_bytes: NonZeroUsize::new(spec.max_file_bytes)
+                .ok_or_else(|| Error::new(runtime_error(), "max_file_bytes must be non-zero"))?,
+            max_lines: NonZeroUsize::new(spec.max_lines)
+                .ok_or_else(|| Error::new(runtime_error(), "max_lines must be non-zero"))?,
+        };
+        rb_self.engine.borrow_mut().set_policy_length_config(config);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn clear_policy_length_config(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.engine.borrow_mut().clear_policy_length_config();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "ast")]
     fn get_ast_as_json(&self) -> Result<String, Error> {
         self.engine
@@ -361,7 +412,47 @@ fn init(ruby: &Ruby) -> Result<(), Error> {
     engine_class.define_method("set_gather_prints", method!(Engine::set_gather_prints, 1))?;
     engine_class.define_method("take_prints", method!(Engine::take_prints, 0))?;
 
+    // policy length limits
+    engine_class.define_method(
+        "set_policy_length_config",
+        method!(Engine::set_policy_length_config, 1),
+    )?;
+    engine_class.define_method(
+        "clear_policy_length_config",
+        method!(Engine::clear_policy_length_config, 0),
+    )?;
+
     // ast
     engine_class.define_method("get_ast_as_json", method!(Engine::get_ast_as_json, 0))?;
+
+    // cache configuration (module-level)
+    #[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+    {
+        regorus_module
+            .define_module_function("set_cache_config", magnus::function!(set_cache_config, 1))?;
+        regorus_module.define_module_function("clear_cache", magnus::function!(clear_cache, 0))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+fn set_cache_config(ruby: &Ruby, hash: magnus::RHash) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let spec: CacheConfigSpec = serde_magnus::deserialize(ruby, hash).map_err(|e| {
+        Error::new(
+            runtime_error(),
+            format!("Failed to deserialize cache config: {e}"),
+        )
+    })?;
+    regorus::cache::configure(regorus::cache::Config {
+        regex: spec.regex,
+        glob: spec.glob,
+    });
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+fn clear_cache() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    regorus::cache::clear();
     Ok(())
 }

bindings/ruby/test/test_regorus.rb

@@ -183,6 +183,16 @@ class TestRegorus < Minitest::Test
     assert_equal ["<query.rego>:1: Hello"], @engine.take_prints
   end
 
+  def test_set_policy_length_config
+    @engine.set_policy_length_config({ max_col: 2000, max_file_bytes: 1048576, max_lines: 20000 })
+    @engine.clear_policy_length_config
+  end
+
+  def test_set_cache_config
+    ::Regorus.set_cache_config({ regex: 256, glob: 128 })
+    ::Regorus.clear_cache
+  end
+
   def alice_results
     {
       result: [

bindings/wasm/Cargo.lock

@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "allocator-api2"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -36,9 +42,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.100"
+version = "1.0.102"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a23eb6b1614318a8071c9b2521f36b424b2c83db5eb3a0fead4a6c0809af6e61"
+checksum = "7f202df86484c868dbad7eaa557ef785d5c66295e41b460ef922eca0723b842c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-trait"
@@ -57,22 +63,6 @@ version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "base64"
-version = "0.22.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bincode"
-version = "2.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "36eaf5d7b090263e8150820482d5d93cd964a81e4019913c972f4edcc6edb740"
-dependencies = [
- "serde",
- "unty",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-set"
 version = "0.8.0"
@@ -90,9 +80,9 @@ checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.10.0"
+version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "812e12b5285cc515a9c72a5c1d3b6d46a19dac5acfef5265968c166106e31dd3"
+checksum = "843867be96c8daad0d758b57df9392b6d8d271134fce549de6ce169ff98a92af"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borrow-or-share"
@@ -112,9 +102,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.19.1"
+version = "3.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5dd9dc738b7a8311c7ade152424974d8115f2cdad61e8dab8dac9f2362298510"
+checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytecount"
@@ -130,9 +120,9 @@ checksum = "37b2a672a2cb129a2e41c10b1224bb368f9f37a2b16b612598138befd7b37eb5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.2.55"
+version = "1.2.58"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "47b26a0954ae34af09b50f0de26458fa95369a0d478d8236d3f93082b219bd29"
+checksum = "e1e928d4b69e3077709075a938a05ffbedfa53a84c8f766efbf8220bb1ff60e1"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "shlex",
@@ -145,10 +135,21 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.43"
+name = "chacha20"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fac4744fb15ae8337dc853fee7fb3f4e48c0fbaa23d0afe49c447b4fab126118"
+checksum = "6f8d983286843e49675a4b7a2d174efe136dc93a18d69130dd18198a6c167601"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "chrono"
+version = "0.4.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c673075a2e0e5f4a1dde27ce9dee1ea4558c7ffe648f576438a20ca1d2acc4b0"
 dependencies = [
  "iana-time-zone",
  "js-sys",
@@ -167,12 +168,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "phf",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cobs"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0fa961b519f0b462e3a3b4a34b64d119eeaca1d59af726fe450bbba07a9fc0a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
 version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8b2a41393f66f16b0823bb79094d54ac5fbd34ab292ddafb9a0456ac9f87d201"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "data-encoding"
 version = "2.10.0"
@@ -199,6 +218,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-io"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef1a6892d9eef45c8fa6b9e0086428a2cca8491aca8f787c534a3d6d0bcb3ced"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-io"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edd0f118536f44f5ccd48bcb8b111bdc3de888b58c74639dfb034a357d0f206d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
 version = "1.0.2"
@@ -207,9 +238,9 @@ checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fancy-regex"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e24cb5a94bcae1e5408b0effca5cd7172ea3c5755049c5f3af4cd283a165298"
+checksum = "72cf461f865c862bb7dc573f643dd6a2b6842f7c30b07882b56bd148cc2761b8"
 dependencies = [
  "bit-set",
  "regex-automata",
@@ -224,15 +255,27 @@ checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fluent-uri"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1918b65d96df47d3591bed19c5cca17e3fa5d0707318e4b5ef2eae01764df7e5"
+checksum = "bc74ac4d8359ae70623506d512209619e5cf8f347124910440dbc221714b328e"
 dependencies = [
  "borrow-or-share",
  "ref-cast",
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "form_urlencoded"
 version = "1.2.2"
@@ -254,26 +297,25 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.31"
+version = "0.3.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05f29059c0c2090612e8d742178b0580d2dc940c837851ad723096f87af6663e"
+checksum = "7e3450815272ef58cec6d564423f6e755e25379b217b0bc688e295ba24df6b1d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.31"
+version = "0.3.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f90f7dce0722e95104fcb095585910c0977252f286e354b5e3bd38902cd99988"
+checksum = "037711b3d59c33004d3856fbdc83b99d4ff37a24768fa1be9ce3538a1cde4393"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.31"
+version = "0.3.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9fa08315bb612088cc391249efdc3bc77536f16c91f6cf495e6fbe85b20a4a81"
+checksum = "389ca41296e6190b48053de0321d02a77f32f8a5d2461dd38762c0593805c6d6"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-task",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "pin-utils",
  "slab",
 ]
 
@@ -299,11 +341,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "js-sys",
  "libc",
- "r-efi",
+ "r-efi 5.3.0",
  "wasip2",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0de51e6874e94e7bf76d726fc5d13ba782deca734ff60d5bb2fb2607c7406555"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "js-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi 6.0.0",
+ "rand_core",
+ "wasip2",
+ "wasip3",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "globset"
 version = "0.4.18"
@@ -316,11 +374,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex-syntax",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.15.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+dependencies = [
+ "allocator-api2",
+ "equivalent",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
@@ -427,6 +505,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerovec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "id-arena"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -455,56 +539,59 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.11.0"
+version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "469fb0b9cefa57e3ef31275ee7cacb78f2fdca44e4765491884a2b119d4eb130"
+checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.17"
+version = "1.0.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "92ecc6618181def0457392ccd0ee51198e065e016d1d527a7ac1b6dc7c1f09d2"
+checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.85"
+version = "0.3.94"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8c942ebf8e95485ca0d52d97da7c5a2c387d0e7f0ba4c35e93bfcaee045955b3"
+checksum = "2e04e2ef80ce82e13552136fabeef8a5ed1f985a96805761cbb9a2c34e7664d9"
 dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "futures-util",
  "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1b46a0365a611fbf1d2143104dcf910aada96fafd295bab16c60b802bf6fa1d"
+checksum = "6f29616f6e19415398eb186964fb7cbbeef572c79bede3622a8277667924bbe3"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "base64",
  "bytecount",
+ "data-encoding",
  "email_address",
  "fancy-regex",
  "fraction",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "idna",
  "itoa",
  "num-cmp",
  "num-traits",
- "once_cell",
  "percent-encoding",
  "referencing",
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "unicode-general-category",
  "uuid-simd",
 ]
 
@@ -515,10 +602,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.180"
+name = "leb128fmt"
+version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bcc35a38544a891a5f7c865aca548a982ccb3b8650a5b06d0fd33a10283c56fc"
+checksum = "09edd9e8b54e49e587e4f6295a7d29c3ea94d469cb40ab8ca70b288248a81db2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.183"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5b646652bf6661599e1da8901b3b9522896f01e736bad5f723fe7a3a27f899d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libm"
@@ -548,10 +641,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "memchr"
-version = "2.7.6"
+name = "lru"
+version = "0.16.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f52b00d39961fc5b2736ea853c9cc86238e165017a493d1d5c8eac6bdc4cc273"
+checksum = "a1dc47f592c06f33f8e3aea9591776ec7c9f9e4124778ff8a3c3b87159f7e593"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "memchr"
+version = "2.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "minicov"
@@ -663,9 +762,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.21.3"
+version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oorandom"
@@ -728,15 +827,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
-version = "0.2.16"
+version = "0.2.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3b3cff922bd51709b605d9ead9aa71031d81447142d828eb4a6eba76fe619f9b"
+checksum = "a89322df9ebe1c1578d689c92318e070967d1042b512afbe49518723f4e6d5cd"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "pin-utils"
-version = "0.1.0"
+name = "postcard"
+version = "1.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
+checksum = "6764c3b5dd454e283a30e6dfe78e9b31096d9e32036b5d1eaac7a6119ccb9a24"
+dependencies = [
+ "cobs",
+ "embedded-io 0.4.0",
+ "embedded-io 0.6.1",
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "potential_utf"
@@ -748,12 +853,13 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.21"
+name = "prettyplease"
+version = "0.2.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+checksum = "479ca8adacdd7ce8f1fb39ce9ecccbfe93a3f1344b3d0d97f20bc0196208f62b"
 dependencies = [
- "zerocopy",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -767,9 +873,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.44"
+version = "1.0.45"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21b2ebcf727b7760c461f091f9f0f539b77b8e87f2fd88131e7f1b433b3cece4"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -781,33 +887,27 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.9.2"
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
-]
+checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.9.0"
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+checksum = "bc266eb313df6c5c09c1c7b1fbe2510961e5bcd3add930c1e31f7ed9da0feff8"
 dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
+ "chacha20",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "rand_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.9.5"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76afc826de14238e6e8c374ddcc1fa19e374fd8dd986b0d2af0d02377261d83c"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
-]
+checksum = "0c8d0fd677905edcbeedbf2edb6494d676f0e98d54d5cf9bda0b061cb8fb8aba"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
@@ -840,13 +940,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "referencing"
-version = "0.30.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8eff4fa778b5c2a57e85c5f2fe3a709c52f0e60d23146e2151cbef5893f420e"
+checksum = "b8a618c14f8ba29d8193bb55e2bf13e4fb2b1115313ecb7ae94b43100c7ac7d5"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "fluent-uri",
- "once_cell",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
  "serde_json",
@@ -854,9 +955,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.12.2"
+version = "1.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "843bc0191f75f3e22651ae5f1e72939ab2f72a4bc30fa80a066bd66edefc24d4"
+checksum = "e10754a14b9137dd7b1e3e5b0493cc9171fdd105e0ab477f51b72e7f3ac0e276"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -866,9 +967,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.4.13"
+version = "0.4.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5276caf25ac86c8d810222b3dbb938e512c55c6831a10f3e6ed1c93b84041f1c"
+checksum = "6e1dd4122fc1595e8162618945476892eefca7b88c52820e74af6262213cae8f"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -877,16 +978,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.8.8"
+version = "0.8.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a2d987857b319362043e95f5353c0535c1f58eec5336fdfcf626430af7def58"
+checksum = "dc897dd8d9e8bd1ed8cdad82b5966c3e0ecae09fb1907d58efaa013543185d0a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regorus"
 version = "0.9.1"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "bincode",
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz",
  "data-encoding",
@@ -895,9 +995,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "ipnet",
  "jsonschema",
  "lazy_static",
+ "lru",
  "msvc_spectre_libs",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "postcard",
  "rand",
  "regex",
  "semver",
@@ -916,8 +1019,10 @@ version = "0.9.1"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.2.17",
  "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "regorus",
  "serde",
+ "serde-wasm-bindgen",
  "serde_json",
  "uuid",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -932,9 +1037,9 @@ checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.22"
+version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a50f4cf475b65d88e057964e0e9bb1f0aa9bbb2036dc65c64596b42932536984"
+checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "same-file"
@@ -967,6 +1072,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde-wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.6.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8302e169f0eddcc139c70f139d19d6467353af16f9fce27e8c30158036a1e16b"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "serde",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_core"
 version = "1.0.228"
@@ -1027,9 +1143,9 @@ checksum = "b2aa850e253778c88a04c3d7323b043aeda9d3e30d5971937c1855769763678e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
-version = "0.4.11"
+version = "0.4.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a2ae44ef20feb57a68b23d846850f861394c2e02dc425a50098ae8c90267589"
+checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
@@ -1039,9 +1155,9 @@ checksum = "67b1b7a3b5fe4f1376887184045fcf45c69e92af734b7aaddc05fb777b6fbd03"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
-version = "0.9.8"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6980e8d7511241f8acf4aebddbb1ff938df5eebe98691418c4468d0b72a96a67"
+checksum = "d5fe4ccb98d9c292d56fec89a5e07da7fc4cf0dc11e156b41793132775d3e591"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "stable_deref_trait"
@@ -1051,9 +1167,9 @@ checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.114"
+version = "2.0.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4d107df263a3013ef9b1879b0df87d706ff80f65a86ea879bd9c31f9b307c2a"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1102,10 +1218,22 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.22"
+name = "unicode-general-category"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9312f7c4f6ff9069b165498234ce8be658059c6728633667c526e27dc2cf1df5"
+checksum = "0b993bddc193ae5bd0d623b49ec06ac3e9312875fdae725a975c51db1cc1677f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.24"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unsafe-libyaml"
@@ -1113,12 +1241,6 @@ version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "673aac59facbab8a9007c7f6108d11f63b603f7cabff99fabf650fea5c32b861"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "unty"
-version = "0.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d49784317cd0d1ee7ec5c716dd598ec5b4483ea832a2dced265471cc0f690ae"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
 version = "2.5.8"
@@ -1139,11 +1261,11 @@ checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.20.0"
+version = "1.23.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee48d38b119b0cd71fe4141b30f5ba9c7c5d9f4e7a3a8b4a674e4b6ef789976f"
+checksum = "5ac8b6f42ead25368cf5b098aeb3dc8a1a2c05a3eee8a9a1a68c640edbfc79d9"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "js-sys",
  "rand",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -1156,7 +1278,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23b082222b4f6619906941c17eb2297fff4c2fb96cb60164170522942a200bd8"
 dependencies = [
  "outref",
- "uuid",
  "vsimd",
 ]
 
@@ -1198,10 +1319,19 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.108"
+name = "wasip3"
+version = "0.4.0+wasi-0.3.0-rc-2026-01-06"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "64024a30ec1e37399cf85a7ffefebdb72205ca1c972291c51512360d90bd8566"
+checksum = "5428f8bf88ea5ddc08faddef2ac4a67e390b88186c703ce6dbd955e1c145aca5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.2.117"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0551fc1bb415591e3372d0bc4780db7e587d84e2a7e79da121051c5c4b89d0b0"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -1212,23 +1342,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.58"
+version = "0.4.67"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70a6e77fd0ae8029c9ea0063f87c46fde723e7d887703d74ad2616d792e51e6f"
+checksum = "03623de6905b7206edd0a75f69f747f134b7f0a2323392d664448bf2d3c5d87e"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "futures-util",
  "js-sys",
- "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "web-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "008b239d9c740232e71bd39e8ef6429d27097518b6b30bdf9086833bd5b6d608"
+checksum = "7fbdf9a35adf44786aecd5ff89b4563a90325f9da0923236f6104e603c7e86be"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -1236,9 +1362,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5256bae2d58f54820e6490f9839c49780dff84c65aeab9e772f15d5f0e913a55"
+checksum = "dca9693ef2bab6d4e6707234500350d8dad079eb508dca05530c85dc3a529ff2"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -1249,18 +1375,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1f01b580c9ac74c8d8f0c0e4afb04eeef2acf145458e52c03845ee9cd23e3d12"
+checksum = "39129a682a6d2d841b6c429d0c51e5cb0ed1a03829d8b3d1e69a011e62cb3d3b"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-test"
-version = "0.3.58"
+version = "0.3.67"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "45649196a53b0b7a15101d845d44d2dda7374fc1b5b5e2bbf58b7577ff4b346d"
+checksum = "941c102b3f0c15b6d72a53205e09e6646aafcf2991e18412cc331dbac1806bc0"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cast",
@@ -1280,9 +1406,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-test-macro"
-version = "0.3.58"
+version = "0.3.67"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f579cdd0123ac74b94e1a4a72bd963cf30ebac343f2df347da0b8df24cdebed2"
+checksum = "a26bd6570f39bb1440fd8f01b63461faaf2a3f6078a508e4e54efa99363108d2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1291,18 +1417,42 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-test-shared"
-version = "0.2.108"
+version = "0.2.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8145dd1593bf0fb137dbfa85b8be79ec560a447298955877804640e40c2d6ea"
+checksum = "1c29582b14d5bf030b02fa232b9b57faf2afc322d2c61964dd80bad02bf76207"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.85"
+name = "wasm-encoder"
+version = "0.244.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "312e32e551d92129218ea9a2452120f4aabc03529ef03e4d0d82fb2780608598"
+checksum = "990065f2fe63003fe337b932cfb5e3b80e0b4d0f5ff650e6985b1048f62c8319"
 dependencies = [
- "js-sys",
- "wasm-bindgen",
+ "leb128fmt",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-metadata"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmparser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+ "semver",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1387,6 +1537,88 @@ name = "wit-bindgen"
 version = "0.51.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "writeable"
@@ -1419,18 +1651,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.36"
+version = "0.8.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dafd85c832c1b68bbb4ec0c72c7f6f4fc5179627d2bc7c26b30e4c0cc11e76cc"
+checksum = "efbb2a062be311f2ba113ce66f697a4dc589f85e78a4aea276200804cea0ed87"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.36"
+version = "0.8.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7cb7e4e8436d9db52fbd6625dbf2f45243ab84994a72882ec8227b99e72b439a"
+checksum = "0e8bc7269b54418e7aeeef514aa68f8690b8c0489a06b0136e5f57c4c5ccab89"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1493,6 +1725,6 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zmij"
-version = "1.0.17"
+version = "1.0.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "02aae0f83f69aafc94776e879363e9771d7ecbffe2c7fbb6c14c5e00dfe88439"
+checksum = "b8848ee67ecc8aedbaf3e4122217aff892639231befc6a1b58d29fff4c2cabaa"

bindings/wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ default = [
 	"regorus/time",
 	"regorus/uuid",
 	"regorus/urlquery",
-	"regorus/yaml"
+	"regorus/yaml",
+	"cache"
 ]
 ast = ["regorus/ast"]
+cache = ["regorus/cache"]
 coverage = ["regorus/coverage"]
 
 [dependencies]
@@ -42,15 +44,18 @@ regorus = { path  = "../..", default-features = false, features = ["arc", "rvm"]
 serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.140"
 wasm-bindgen = "0.2.100"
+serde-wasm-bindgen = "0.6"
 # Specify uuid as a mandatory dependency so as to enable `js` feature which is now required
 # when targeting wasm32-unknown-unknown.
-uuid = { version = "1.15.1", default-features = false, features = ["v4", "fast-rng", "js"]}
-# Enable wasm_js. See https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/#webassembly-support
-getrandom_for_jsonschema = { package = "getrandom", version = "0.2.15", features = ["std", "js"] }
-getrandom = { version = "0.3.1", features = ["std", "wasm_js"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.22.0", default-features = false, features = ["v4", "fast-rng", "js"]}
+# Configure getrandom for WebAssembly: 0.2 uses the `js` feature, while 0.3+ use `wasm_js`.
+# See https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/#webassembly-support
+getrandom02 = { package = "getrandom", version = "0.2.15", features = ["std", "js"] }
+getrandom03 = { package = "getrandom", version = "0.3.1", features = ["std", "wasm_js"] }
+getrandom = { version = "0.4.2", features = ["wasm_js"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3.40"
+wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3.67"
 
 [lints.rust]
 unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(wasm_bindgen_unstable_test_coverage)'] }

bindings/wasm/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #![allow(non_snake_case)]
 
+use core::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
 use regorus::languages::rego::compiler::Compiler;
 use regorus::rvm::program::{
     generate_assembly_listing, generate_tabular_assembly_listing, AssemblyListingConfig,
@@ -26,6 +27,42 @@ struct ModuleSpec {
     content: String,
 }
 
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct PolicyLengthSpec {
+    max_col: u32,
+    max_file_bytes: usize,
+    max_lines: usize,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct CacheConfigSpec {
+    regex: usize,
+    glob: usize,
+}
+
+/// Configure the global pattern caches used by regex and glob builtins.
+///
+/// Accepts a JS object: `{ regex, glob }`.
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "setCacheConfig")]
+pub fn set_cache_config(config: JsValue) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
+    let spec: CacheConfigSpec = serde_wasm_bindgen::from_value(config).map_err(error_to_jsvalue)?;
+    regorus::cache::configure(regorus::cache::Config {
+        regex: spec.regex,
+        glob: spec.glob,
+    });
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Clear all entries from every pattern cache.
+#[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "clearCache")]
+pub fn clear_cache() {
+    regorus::cache::clear();
+}
+
 #[wasm_bindgen]
 pub struct Program {
     program: Arc<RvmProgram>,
@@ -183,6 +220,29 @@ impl Engine {
         self.engine.set_gather_prints(b)
     }
 
+    /// Set the policy length limits used when loading policies.
+    ///
+    /// Accepts a JS object: `{ maxCol, maxFileBytes, maxLines }`.
+    pub fn setPolicyLengthConfig(&mut self, config: JsValue) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
+        let spec: PolicyLengthSpec =
+            serde_wasm_bindgen::from_value(config).map_err(error_to_jsvalue)?;
+        self.engine
+            .set_policy_length_config(regorus::PolicyLengthConfig {
+                max_col: NonZeroU32::new(spec.max_col)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| JsValue::from_str("maxCol must be non-zero"))?,
+                max_file_bytes: NonZeroUsize::new(spec.max_file_bytes)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| JsValue::from_str("maxFileBytes must be non-zero"))?,
+                max_lines: NonZeroUsize::new(spec.max_lines)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| JsValue::from_str("maxLines must be non-zero"))?,
+            });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Clear the policy length configuration, reverting to defaults.
+    pub fn clearPolicyLengthConfig(&mut self) {
+        self.engine.clear_policy_length_config();
+    }
+
     /// Take the gathered output of print statements.
     ///
     /// See https://docs.rs/regorus/latest/regorus/struct.Engine.html#method.take_prints

bindings/wasm/test.js

@@ -3,12 +3,18 @@
 
 var regorus = require('./pkg/regorusjs');
 
+// Configure the global pattern caches.
+regorus.setCacheConfig({ regex: 256, glob: 128 });
+
 // Create an engine.
 var engine = new regorus.Engine();
 
 // Enable code coverage
 engine.setEnableCoverage(true);
 
+// Raise the default col limit to 2000
+engine.setPolicyLengthConfig({ maxCol: 2000, maxFileBytes: 1048576, maxLines: 20000 });
+
 // Add Rego policy.
 var pkg = engine.addPolicy(
     // Associate this file name with policy

docs/azure-policy/azurepolicy.ebnf

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+(* Azure Policy grammar.
+ *
+ * All key matching is case-insensitive.  JSON object keys are unordered,
+ * so the ordering shown below is for readability only.
+ *)
+
+(* ================================================================
+ * Policy rule & then block
+ * NOTE: Keys may appear in any order; extra keys may appear between
+ *       the recognized ones.  The ordering below is illustrative.
+ * ================================================================ *)
+
+policy-rule    ::= '{' '"if"' ':' constraint ',' '"then"' ':' then-block
+                       (',' STRING ':' json-value)* '}'
+
+then-block     ::= '{' '"effect"' ':' STRING
+                       (',' '"details"' ':' json-value)? '}'
+
+(* ================================================================
+ * Constraints
+ * ================================================================ *)
+
+constraint     ::= allOf | anyOf | not | condition
+
+allOf          ::= '{' '"allOf"' ':' '[' (constraint (',' constraint)*)? ']' '}'
+anyOf          ::= '{' '"anyOf"' ':' '[' (constraint (',' constraint)*)? ']' '}'
+not            ::= '{' '"not"' ':' constraint '}'
+
+(* Keys within a condition are unordered; exactly one lhs-entry and one
+ * op-entry are required. *)
+condition      ::= '{' lhs-entry ',' op-entry '}'
+
+lhs-entry      ::= field | value-lhs | count
+field          ::= '"field"' ':' string-value
+value-lhs      ::= '"value"' ':' json-value
+op-entry       ::= operator ':' json-value
+
+operator       ::= '"contains"' | '"containsKey"' | '"equals"' | '"notEquals"'
+                 | '"greater"' | '"greaterOrEquals"' | '"less"' | '"lessOrEquals"'
+                 | '"exists"' | '"in"' | '"notIn"'
+                 | '"like"' | '"notLike"'
+                 | '"match"' | '"matchInsensitively"'
+                 | '"notMatch"' | '"notMatchInsensitively"'
+                 | '"notContains"' | '"notContainsKey"'
+
+(* ================================================================
+ * Count expressions
+ * ================================================================ *)
+
+count          ::= '"count"' ':' count-inner
+count-inner    ::= count-field | count-value
+count-field    ::= '{' field (',' where)? '}'
+count-value    ::= '{' value-lhs (',' '"name"' ':' STRING)? (',' where)? '}'
+where          ::= '"where"' ':' constraint
+
+(* ================================================================
+ * JSON values & template expressions
+ * ================================================================ *)
+
+string-value   ::= STRING | '"[' string-expr ']"'
+
+json-value     ::= STRING | NUMBER | BOOL | NULL
+                 | array | object
+                 | '"[' string-expr ']"'
+array          ::= '[' (json-value (',' json-value)*)? ']'
+object         ::= '{' (STRING ':' json-value (',' STRING ':' json-value)*)? '}'
+
+(* ================================================================
+ * ARM template expression sub-grammar
+ * ================================================================ *)
+
+string-expr    ::= NUMBER | STRING | '-' string-expr | complex-expr
+
+complex-expr   ::= IDENT
+                 | complex-expr '.' IDENT
+                 | complex-expr '(' (string-expr (',' string-expr)*)? ')'
+                 | complex-expr '[' string-expr ']'

docs/rvm/architecture.md

@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ version:
   `3`).
 2. **Section manifest**: four little-endian `u32` lengths for entry points,
   sources, literals, and the rule tree, plus a single-byte `rego_v0` flag.
-3. **Preamble payloads**: each section is encoded with `bincode` using helper
+3. **Preamble payloads**: each section is encoded with `postcard` using helper
   wrappers (`BinaryValueSlice`, `BinaryValueRef`) to stream complex `Value`
   graphs without cloning.
 4. **Program core**: the remaining `Program` struct is serialized once more via
-  `bincode`; fields skipped by serde (entry points, literals, sources,
+  `postcard`; fields skipped by serde (entry points, literals, sources,
   rule_tree, resolved builtins) are re-inserted from the preamble when the
   program is reconstructed.
 

mimalloc/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
-#[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm")))]
+#[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm", miri)))]
 pub mod mimalloc;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")]
-#[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm")))]
+#[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm", miri)))]
 pub use mimalloc::{
     allocation_stats_snapshot, current_thread_allocation_stats, global_allocation_stats_snapshot,
     GlobalAllocationStats, ThreadAllocationStats,
 };
 
 #[cfg(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")]
-#[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm")))]
+#[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm", miri)))]
 pub mod limits;
 
 /// Declare a global allocator if the platform supports it.
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! assign_global {
     () => {
-        #[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm")))]
+        #[cfg(not(any(target_family = "wasm", miri)))]
         #[global_allocator]
         static GLOBAL: mimalloc::mimalloc::Mimalloc = mimalloc::mimalloc::Mimalloc;
     };

src/builtins/azure_policy/helpers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! Shared helpers: type coercion, comparison, pattern matching, and path resolution.
+
+#![deny(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::panic,
+    clippy::shadow_unrelated,
+    clippy::unwrap_used,
+    clippy::missing_const_for_fn,
+    clippy::option_if_let_else,
+    clippy::semicolon_if_nothing_returned,
+    clippy::useless_let_if_seq
+)]
+
+use crate::languages::azure_policy::strings;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+// ── Type helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+pub const fn is_true(value: &Value) -> bool {
+    matches!(value, Value::Bool(true))
+}
+
+pub const fn is_undefined(value: &Value) -> bool {
+    matches!(value, Value::Undefined)
+}
+
+pub fn as_string(value: &Value) -> Option<String> {
+    match *value {
+        Value::String(ref s) => Some(s.to_string()),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Borrow the inner string of a `Value::String` without cloning.
+pub fn as_str(value: &Value) -> Option<&str> {
+    match *value {
+        Value::String(ref s) => Some(s),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Try to parse a string as a number for Azure Policy type coercion.
+pub fn try_coerce_to_number(s: &str) -> Option<crate::number::Number> {
+    use core::str::FromStr as _;
+    // Try integer first, then float.
+    i64::from_str(s.trim())
+        .map(crate::number::Number::from)
+        .ok()
+        .or_else(|| {
+            f64::from_str(s.trim())
+                .map(crate::number::Number::from)
+                .ok()
+        })
+}
+
+// ── Path resolution ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+pub fn resolve_path(root: &Value, path: &str) -> Value {
+    let segments = tokenize_path(path);
+    let mut current = root.clone();
+
+    for segment in segments {
+        #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+        match &current {
+            Value::Object(map) => {
+                let mut next = None;
+                for (key, value) in map.iter() {
+                    if let Value::String(ref key_str) = *key {
+                        if strings::keys::eq(key_str, &segment) {
+                            next = Some(value.clone());
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Some(value) = next {
+                    current = value;
+                } else {
+                    return Value::Undefined;
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Array(items) => {
+                let Ok(index) = segment.parse::<usize>() else {
+                    return Value::Undefined;
+                };
+
+                let Some(value) = items.get(index) else {
+                    return Value::Undefined;
+                };
+                current = value.clone();
+            }
+            _ => return Value::Undefined,
+        }
+    }
+
+    current
+}
+
+fn tokenize_path(path: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut segments = Vec::new();
+    let mut token = String::new();
+    let mut bracket = String::new();
+    let mut in_bracket = false;
+
+    for ch in path.chars() {
+        match ch {
+            '.' if !in_bracket => {
+                if !token.is_empty() {
+                    segments.push(token.clone());
+                    token.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            '[' => {
+                in_bracket = true;
+                if !token.is_empty() {
+                    segments.push(token.clone());
+                    token.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            ']' => {
+                in_bracket = false;
+                let cleaned = bracket.trim_matches('"').trim_matches('\'').to_string();
+                if !cleaned.is_empty() {
+                    segments.push(cleaned);
+                }
+                bracket.clear();
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if in_bracket {
+                    bracket.push(ch);
+                } else {
+                    token.push(ch);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !token.is_empty() {
+        segments.push(token);
+    }
+
+    segments
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! Azure Policy builtins: operators, logic functions, and ARM template functions.
+
+#![deny(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::panic,
+    clippy::shadow_unrelated,
+    clippy::unwrap_used,
+    clippy::missing_const_for_fn,
+    clippy::option_if_let_else,
+    clippy::semicolon_if_nothing_returned,
+    clippy::useless_let_if_seq
+)]
+
+pub mod helpers;
+mod operators;
+mod template_functions;
+mod template_functions_collection;
+mod template_functions_datetime;
+mod template_functions_encoding;
+mod template_functions_misc;
+mod template_functions_numeric;
+mod template_functions_string;
+
+use crate::builtins;
+
+/// Upper bound on the number of arguments accepted by variadic builtins.
+///
+/// ARM template expressions can pass many arguments to functions like
+/// `min`, `max`, `union`, `intersection`, `format`, `createObject`, etc.
+/// We register them with this cap instead of 0 so that the compiler/VM
+/// arity checks accept real call sites.
+pub(super) const MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS: u8 = 64;
+
+pub fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    // Logic functions
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.logic_all",
+        (operators::logic_all, MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.logic_any",
+        (operators::logic_any, MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+    m.insert("azure.policy.if", (operators::if_fn, 3));
+
+    // Field resolution
+    m.insert("azure.policy.resolve_field", (operators::resolve_field, 2));
+
+    // Parameter resolution with default-value fallback
+    m.insert("azure.policy.get_parameter", (operators::get_parameter, 3));
+
+    // ARM template functions
+    template_functions::register(m);
+    template_functions_string::register(m);
+    template_functions_encoding::register(m);
+    template_functions_collection::register(m);
+    template_functions_numeric::register(m);
+    template_functions_datetime::register(m);
+    template_functions_misc::register(m);
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/operators.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! Azure Policy utility builtins: parameter resolution, field resolution,
+//! logic_all (for ARM `and()`), and if().
+//!
+//! The 20 condition operators (equals, notEquals, greater, …, exists) and
+//! the logic_not / logic_any combinators are now compiled as first-class
+//! RVM instructions (`PolicyEquals`, `PolicyNot`, `AllOfStart`/`AnyOfStart`,
+//! etc.) and no longer go through the builtin dispatch path.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use super::helpers::{as_string, is_true, is_undefined, resolve_path};
+
+// ── Parameter resolution ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `azure.policy.get_parameter(params, defaults, name)`
+///
+/// Returns `params[name]` if it exists and is not undefined; otherwise
+/// falls back to `defaults[name]`.  This lets the compiler bake parameter
+/// default values into the program's literal table while still allowing
+/// callers to override them via `input.parameters`.
+pub(super) fn get_parameter(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [params_obj, defaults_obj, name] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    // Try caller-supplied parameters first.
+    let val = &params_obj[name];
+    if !is_undefined(val) {
+        return Ok(val.clone());
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to compiled-in defaults.
+    Ok(defaults_obj[name].clone())
+}
+
+// ── Field resolution ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+pub(super) fn resolve_field(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [resource, field_path] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let Some(path) = as_string(field_path) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    Ok(resolve_path(resource, &path))
+}
+
+// ── Logic functions ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `azure.policy.logic_all(a, b, ...)`
+///
+/// Used by the ARM template `and()` function.  Returns true iff every
+/// argument is `Bool(true)`.
+pub(super) fn logic_all(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::Bool(args.iter().all(is_true)))
+}
+
+/// `azure.policy.logic_any(a, b, ...)`
+///
+/// Used by the ARM template `or()` function.  Returns true iff any
+/// argument is `Bool(true)`.
+pub(super) fn logic_any(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::Bool(args.iter().any(is_true)))
+}
+
+/// `azure.policy.if(cond, when_true, when_false)`
+pub(super) fn if_fn(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [cond, when_true, when_false] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    if is_true(cond) {
+        Ok(when_true.clone())
+    } else {
+        Ok(when_false.clone())
+    }
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template function builtins for Azure Policy expressions.
+//!
+//! Implements: split, empty, first, last, startsWith,
+//! endsWith, int, string, bool, padLeft, ipRangeContains.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::languages::azure_policy::strings::case_fold;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use anyhow::Result;
+use core::net::IpAddr;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+
+use super::helpers::{as_str, try_coerce_to_number};
+
+/// Truncate `f64` to `i64` (saturating semantics since Rust 1.45).
+///
+/// The standard library provides no `TryFrom<f64>` for `i64`, so a raw `as`
+/// cast is the only option.  Wrapping it in a named function keeps the rest
+/// of the module free of `clippy::as_conversions` warnings.
+#[expect(clippy::as_conversions, reason = "no TryFrom<f64> for i64 in std")]
+const fn truncate_f64_to_i64(f: f64) -> i64 {
+    f as i64
+}
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.split", (fn_split, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.empty", (fn_empty, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.first", (fn_first, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.last", (fn_last, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.starts_with", (fn_starts_with, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.ends_with", (fn_ends_with, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.int", (fn_int, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.string", (fn_string, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.bool", (fn_bool, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.pad_left", (fn_pad_left, 3));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.ip_range_contains",
+        (fn_ip_range_contains, 2),
+    );
+}
+
+/// `split(inputString, delimiter)` → array of strings.
+fn fn_split(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [input_val, delim_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let Some(input) = as_str(input_val) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    // The delimiter argument can be a single string or an array of strings.
+    // When an array is provided, the input is split on ANY of the delimiters.
+    match *delim_val {
+        Value::String(ref delimiter) => {
+            if delimiter.is_empty() {
+                // Empty delimiter → no split; return input as single-element array.
+                return Ok(Value::from(alloc::vec![Value::from(input)]));
+            }
+            let parts: alloc::vec::Vec<Value> = input
+                .split(delimiter.as_ref())
+                .map(|s| Value::from(s.to_string()))
+                .collect();
+            Ok(Value::from(parts))
+        }
+        Value::Array(ref delimiters) => {
+            // Collect all string delimiters from the array.
+            let delims: alloc::vec::Vec<&str> = delimiters
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|v| match *v {
+                    Value::String(ref s) => Some(s.as_ref()),
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+                .collect();
+            if delims.is_empty() {
+                // No valid delimiters — return input as single-element array.
+                return Ok(Value::from(alloc::vec![Value::from(input)]));
+            }
+            // Scan the input and split on any matching delimiter.
+            // At each position, try delimiters longest-first to avoid
+            // substring-overlap issues.
+            let mut sorted_delims = delims.clone();
+            sorted_delims.sort_by_key(|d| core::cmp::Reverse(d.len()));
+
+            let mut parts = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
+            let mut current = String::new();
+            let bytes = input.as_bytes();
+            let mut i = 0;
+            while i < bytes.len() {
+                let mut matched = false;
+                for &d in &sorted_delims {
+                    if !d.is_empty() && bytes.get(i..).is_some_and(|b| b.starts_with(d.as_bytes()))
+                    {
+                        parts.push(Value::from(core::mem::take(&mut current)));
+                        i = i.wrapping_add(d.len());
+                        matched = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if !matched {
+                    // Safe: we iterate byte-by-byte only when no delimiter matched.
+                    // For correctness with multi-byte UTF-8, advance one char.
+                    if let Some(ch) = input.get(i..).and_then(|s| s.chars().next()) {
+                        current.push(ch);
+                        i = i.wrapping_add(ch.len_utf8());
+                    } else {
+                        i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            parts.push(Value::from(current));
+            Ok(Value::from(parts))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `empty(item)` → true if string/array/object is empty or value is null/undefined.
+fn fn_empty(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(true));
+    };
+    let result = match *arg {
+        Value::String(ref s) => s.is_empty(),
+        Value::Array(ref a) => a.is_empty(),
+        Value::Object(ref o) => o.is_empty(),
+        Value::Null | Value::Undefined => true,
+        _ => false,
+    };
+    Ok(Value::Bool(result))
+}
+
+/// `first(arg)` → first element of array or first character of string.
+///
+/// Azure semantics: first of an empty string returns empty string,
+/// first of an empty array returns null.
+fn fn_first(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::Array(ref a) => Ok(a.first().cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null)),
+        Value::String(ref s) => Ok(s
+            .chars()
+            .next()
+            .map_or_else(|| Value::from(""), |ch| Value::from(ch.to_string()))),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `last(arg)` → last element of array or last character of string.
+///
+/// Azure semantics: last of an empty string returns empty string,
+/// last of an empty array returns null.
+fn fn_last(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::Array(ref a) => Ok(a.last().cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null)),
+        Value::String(ref s) => Ok(s
+            .chars()
+            .last()
+            .map_or_else(|| Value::from(""), |ch| Value::from(ch.to_string()))),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `startsWith(stringToSearch, stringToFind)` → bool (case-insensitive).
+///
+/// Uses full Unicode case folding via ICU4X.
+fn fn_starts_with(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [hay_val, needle_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+    let (Some(haystack), Some(needle)) = (as_str(hay_val), as_str(needle_val)) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+    let fh = case_fold::fold(haystack);
+    let fn_ = case_fold::fold(needle);
+    Ok(Value::Bool(fh.starts_with(&*fn_)))
+}
+
+/// `endsWith(stringToSearch, stringToFind)` → bool (case-insensitive).
+///
+/// Uses full Unicode case folding via ICU4X.
+fn fn_ends_with(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [hay_val, needle_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+    let (Some(haystack), Some(needle)) = (as_str(hay_val), as_str(needle_val)) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+    let fh = case_fold::fold(haystack);
+    let fn_ = case_fold::fold(needle);
+    Ok(Value::Bool(fh.ends_with(&*fn_)))
+}
+
+/// `int(valueToConvert)` → integer number.
+fn fn_int(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => {
+            // Truncate to integer.
+            n.as_i64()
+                .map(Value::from)
+                .or_else(|| n.as_f64().map(|f| Value::from(truncate_f64_to_i64(f))))
+                .map_or(Ok(Value::Undefined), Ok)
+        }
+        Value::String(ref s) => try_coerce_to_number(s).map_or(Ok(Value::Undefined), |n| {
+            n.as_i64()
+                .map(Value::from)
+                .or_else(|| n.as_f64().map(|f| Value::from(truncate_f64_to_i64(f))))
+                .map_or(Ok(Value::Undefined), Ok)
+        }),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `string(valueToConvert)` → string representation.
+fn fn_string(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::String(_) => Ok(arg.clone()),
+        Value::Bool(b) => Ok(Value::from(b.to_string())),
+        Value::Number(ref n) => Ok(Value::from(n.format_decimal())),
+        Value::Null => Ok(Value::from("null")),
+        Value::Undefined => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+        // For arrays and objects, produce JSON-style representation.
+        _ => Ok(Value::from(arg.to_string())),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `bool(value)` → boolean.
+fn fn_bool(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::Bool(_) => Ok(arg.clone()),
+        Value::String(ref s) => match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "true" | "1" => Ok(Value::Bool(true)),
+            "false" | "0" => Ok(Value::Bool(false)),
+            _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+        },
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n
+            .as_i64()
+            .map(|i| Value::Bool(i != 0))
+            .or_else(|| n.as_f64().map(|f| Value::Bool(f != 0.0)))
+            .map_or(Ok(Value::Undefined), Ok),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `padLeft(value, totalWidth, padChar)` → left-padded string.
+fn fn_pad_left(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    if args.len() < 2 || args.len() > 3 {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    }
+
+    let Some(value) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let width = args.get(1).and_then(|width_val| match *width_val {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n
+            .as_i64()
+            .and_then(|x| usize::try_from(x).ok())
+            .or_else(|| {
+                n.as_f64()
+                    .and_then(|x| usize::try_from(truncate_f64_to_i64(x)).ok())
+            }),
+        Value::String(ref s) => try_coerce_to_number(s).and_then(|n| {
+            n.as_i64()
+                .and_then(|x| usize::try_from(x).ok())
+                .or_else(|| {
+                    n.as_f64()
+                        .and_then(|x| usize::try_from(truncate_f64_to_i64(x)).ok())
+                })
+        }),
+        _ => None,
+    });
+
+    let Some(total_width) = width else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let pad_char = args
+        .get(2)
+        .and_then(as_str)
+        .and_then(|s| s.chars().next())
+        .unwrap_or(' ');
+
+    let value_len = value.chars().count();
+    if value_len >= total_width {
+        return Ok(Value::from(value));
+    }
+
+    let pad_count = total_width.saturating_sub(value_len);
+    let mut padded = String::with_capacity(total_width);
+    for _ in 0..pad_count {
+        padded.push(pad_char);
+    }
+    padded.push_str(value);
+
+    Ok(Value::from(padded))
+}
+
+/// `ipRangeContains(range, targetRange)` → bool.
+fn fn_ip_range_contains(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [range_val, target_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+    let (Some(range), Some(target)) = (as_str(range_val), as_str(target_val)) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+
+    let Ok(net) = range.parse::<IpNet>() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+
+    if target.contains('/') {
+        let Ok(target_net) = target.parse::<IpNet>() else {
+            return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+        };
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(net.contains(&target_net)));
+    }
+
+    let Ok(target_ip) = target.parse::<IpAddr>() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Bool(false));
+    };
+    Ok(Value::Bool(net.contains(&target_ip)))
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions_collection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template collection function builtins for Azure Policy expressions.
+//!
+//! Implements: intersection, union, take, skip, range, array, coalesce, createObject.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+use crate::Rc;
+
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use super::helpers::is_undefined;
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.intersection",
+        (fn_intersection, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.union",
+        (fn_union, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.take", (fn_take, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.skip", (fn_skip, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.range", (fn_range, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.array", (fn_array, 1));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.coalesce",
+        (fn_coalesce, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.create_object",
+        (fn_create_object, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+}
+
+/// `intersection(arg1, arg2, ...)` → elements common to all arrays, or keys common
+/// to all objects.
+///
+/// For arrays: returns elements present in every input array.
+/// For objects: returns keys (with values from the first) present in every input.
+fn fn_intersection(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(first) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let rest = args.get(1..).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    match *first {
+        Value::Array(ref first) => {
+            // Intersection of arrays: keep elements from first that appear in all others.
+            let mut result: Vec<Value> = first.as_ref().clone();
+            for arg in rest {
+                let Value::Array(ref other) = *arg else {
+                    return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+                };
+                result.retain(|item| other.contains(item));
+            }
+            Ok(Value::from(result))
+        }
+        Value::Object(ref first) => {
+            // Intersection of objects: keep key-value pairs from the first
+            // object only when the key exists in every other object AND
+            // the value is equal across all of them.
+            let mut result: BTreeMap<Value, Value> = first.as_ref().clone();
+            for arg in rest {
+                let Value::Object(ref other) = *arg else {
+                    return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+                };
+                result.retain(|k, v| other.get(k).is_some_and(|ov| *ov == *v));
+            }
+            Ok(Value::Object(Rc::new(result)))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `union(arg1, arg2, ...)` → all unique elements from arrays, or merged objects.
+///
+/// For arrays: returns distinct elements across all arrays.
+/// For objects: merges all objects (later values overwrite earlier for same key).
+fn fn_union(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(first) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    match *first {
+        Value::Array(_) => {
+            // Union of arrays: collect unique elements preserving first-seen order.
+            let mut seen = alloc::collections::BTreeSet::<&Value>::new();
+            let mut result = Vec::new();
+            for arg in args {
+                let Value::Array(ref arr) = *arg else {
+                    return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+                };
+                for item in arr.iter() {
+                    if seen.insert(item) {
+                        result.push(item.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(Value::from(result))
+        }
+        Value::Object(_) => {
+            // Union of objects: recursive merge. Nested objects are merged
+            // recursively; all other types (including arrays) use last-writer-wins.
+            let mut result = BTreeMap::<Value, Value>::new();
+            for arg in args {
+                let Value::Object(ref obj) = *arg else {
+                    return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+                };
+                for (k, v) in obj.iter() {
+                    #[allow(clippy::needless_borrowed_reference)]
+                    let merged = match (result.get(k), v) {
+                        (Some(&Value::Object(ref prev)), &Value::Object(ref next)) => {
+                            merge_objects(prev, next)
+                        }
+                        _ => v.clone(),
+                    };
+                    result.insert(k.clone(), merged);
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(Value::Object(Rc::new(result)))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `take(originalValue, numberToTake)` → first N elements of array or chars of string.
+fn fn_take(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [original, count_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let count = extract_usize(count_val).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    match *original {
+        Value::Array(ref arr) => {
+            let n = count.min(arr.len());
+            Ok(Value::from(arr.get(..n).unwrap_or_default().to_vec()))
+        }
+        Value::String(ref s) => {
+            let taken: alloc::string::String = s.chars().take(count).collect();
+            Ok(Value::from(taken))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `skip(originalValue, numberToSkip)` → array/string after skipping N elements.
+fn fn_skip(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [original, count_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let count = extract_usize(count_val).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    match *original {
+        Value::Array(ref arr) => {
+            let n = count.min(arr.len());
+            Ok(Value::from(arr.get(n..).unwrap_or_default().to_vec()))
+        }
+        Value::String(ref s) => {
+            let skipped: alloc::string::String = s.chars().skip(count).collect();
+            Ok(Value::from(skipped))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `range(startIndex, count)` → array of integers starting at startIndex.
+///
+/// Azure limits: count ≤ 10000, startIndex + count ≤ 2147483647.
+fn fn_range(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [start_val, count_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let (Some(start), Some(count)) = (extract_i64(start_val), extract_i64(count_val)) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    if count < 0 {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    }
+
+    // Enforce Azure-documented limits.
+    if count > 10_000 {
+        anyhow::bail!("range: count ({count}) exceeds maximum of 10000");
+    }
+    let end = start
+        .checked_add(count)
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("range overflow"))?;
+    if end > 2_147_483_647 {
+        anyhow::bail!("range: startIndex + count ({end}) exceeds maximum of 2147483647");
+    }
+
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(usize::try_from(count).unwrap_or(0));
+    for i in 0..count {
+        let val = start
+            .checked_add(i)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("range overflow"))?;
+        result.push(Value::from(val));
+    }
+    Ok(Value::from(result))
+}
+
+/// `array(convertToArray)` → wraps a single value in an array.
+///
+/// If the input is already an array, returns it as-is.
+fn fn_array(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::from(Vec::<Value>::new()));
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::Array(_) => Ok(arg.clone()),
+        _ => Ok(Value::from(alloc::vec![arg.clone()])),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `coalesce(arg1, arg2, ...)` → first non-null, non-undefined argument.
+fn fn_coalesce(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    for arg in args {
+        if !is_undefined(arg) && !matches!(arg, Value::Null) {
+            return Ok(arg.clone());
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Value::Null)
+}
+
+/// `createObject(key1, value1, key2, value2, ...)` → object from key-value pairs.
+fn fn_create_object(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    if !args.len().is_multiple_of(2) {
+        anyhow::bail!(
+            "createObject: expected an even number of arguments (key-value pairs), \
+             but received {}",
+            args.len()
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut map = BTreeMap::<Value, Value>::new();
+
+    for pair in args.chunks(2) {
+        #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+        if let [key, value] = pair {
+            map.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(Value::Object(Rc::new(map)))
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Recursively merge two objects.  Nested objects are merged; everything
+/// else (including arrays) uses the value from `incoming`.
+fn merge_objects(base: &BTreeMap<Value, Value>, overlay: &BTreeMap<Value, Value>) -> Value {
+    let mut result = base.clone();
+    for (k, v) in overlay {
+        #[allow(clippy::needless_borrowed_reference)]
+        let merged = match (result.get(k), v) {
+            (Some(&Value::Object(ref prev)), &Value::Object(ref next)) => merge_objects(prev, next),
+            _ => v.clone(),
+        };
+        result.insert(k.clone(), merged);
+    }
+    Value::Object(Rc::new(result))
+}
+
+fn extract_usize(v: &Value) -> Option<usize> {
+    match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n
+            .as_i64()
+            .and_then(|x| usize::try_from(x).ok())
+            .or_else(|| n.as_f64().and_then(|x| usize::try_from(f64_as_i64(x)).ok())),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn extract_i64(v: &Value) -> Option<i64> {
+    match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n.as_i64().or_else(|| n.as_f64().map(f64_as_i64)),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deliberate truncating conversion from `f64` → `i64`.
+#[expect(clippy::as_conversions)]
+const fn f64_as_i64(x: f64) -> i64 {
+    x as i64
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions_datetime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template date/time builtins: dateTimeAdd, dateTimeFromEpoch,
+//! dateTimeToEpoch, addDays.
+//!
+//! `utcNow()` is handled in the compiler (loaded from context), not here.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use core::fmt::Write as _;
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, FixedOffset, Utc};
+
+use super::helpers::as_str;
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.date_time_add", (fn_date_time_add, 3));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.date_time_from_epoch",
+        (fn_date_time_from_epoch, 1),
+    );
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.date_time_to_epoch",
+        (fn_date_time_to_epoch, 1),
+    );
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.add_days", (fn_add_days, 0));
+}
+
+// ── ISO 8601 datetime parsing ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Parse an ISO 8601 / RFC 3339 datetime string.
+fn parse_datetime(s: &str) -> Option<DateTime<FixedOffset>> {
+    parse_datetime_styled(s).map(|(dt, _)| dt)
+}
+
+/// The detected format style of a parsed datetime string, used to reproduce
+/// the same shape when no explicit output format is given.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum DateTimeStyle {
+    /// RFC 3339 with T separator and Z suffix.
+    Rfc3339Z,
+    /// RFC 3339 with T separator and explicit numeric offset.
+    Rfc3339Offset,
+    /// T separator, no timezone (assumed UTC).
+    IsoNoTz,
+    /// Space separator, no timezone (assumed UTC).
+    SpaceNoTz,
+    /// Space separator with Z suffix.
+    SpaceZ,
+    /// Space separator with explicit offset.
+    SpaceOffset,
+}
+
+/// Parse a datetime string and return both the parsed value and the detected
+/// input style so that output formatting can preserve it.
+fn parse_datetime_styled(s: &str) -> Option<(DateTime<FixedOffset>, DateTimeStyle)> {
+    // Check for space separator at position 10 (after "YYYY-MM-DD") so that
+    // space-separated inputs are detected before RFC 3339 (which also allows
+    // a space in place of T).
+    if s.len() > 10 && s.as_bytes().get(10).copied() == Some(b' ') {
+        // Space separator with explicit offset (e.g. "2020-04-07 14:55:59+00:00").
+        if let Ok(dt) = DateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z") {
+            return Some((dt, DateTimeStyle::SpaceOffset));
+        }
+        if let Ok(dt) = DateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f%:z") {
+            return Some((dt, DateTimeStyle::SpaceOffset));
+        }
+        // Space separator with Z suffix (e.g. "2020-04-07 14:55:59Z").
+        if let Some(stripped) = s.strip_suffix('Z').or_else(|| s.strip_suffix('z')) {
+            if let Ok(naive) = chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(stripped, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+            {
+                let utc = DateTime::<Utc>::from_naive_utc_and_offset(naive, Utc);
+                return Some((utc.fixed_offset(), DateTimeStyle::SpaceZ));
+            }
+            if let Ok(naive) =
+                chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(stripped, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f")
+            {
+                let utc = DateTime::<Utc>::from_naive_utc_and_offset(naive, Utc);
+                return Some((utc.fixed_offset(), DateTimeStyle::SpaceZ));
+            }
+        }
+        // Space separator, no timezone (assume UTC).
+        if let Ok(naive) = chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") {
+            let utc = DateTime::<Utc>::from_naive_utc_and_offset(naive, Utc);
+            return Some((utc.fixed_offset(), DateTimeStyle::SpaceNoTz));
+        }
+        if let Ok(naive) = chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f") {
+            let utc = DateTime::<Utc>::from_naive_utc_and_offset(naive, Utc);
+            return Some((utc.fixed_offset(), DateTimeStyle::SpaceNoTz));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Try RFC 3339 first (most common for ARM templates).
+    if let Ok(dt) = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(s) {
+        let style = if s.ends_with('Z') || s.ends_with('z') {
+            DateTimeStyle::Rfc3339Z
+        } else {
+            DateTimeStyle::Rfc3339Offset
+        };
+        return Some((dt, style));
+    }
+    // Try with T separator, no timezone (assume UTC).
+    if let Ok(naive) = chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S") {
+        let utc = DateTime::<Utc>::from_naive_utc_and_offset(naive, Utc);
+        return Some((utc.fixed_offset(), DateTimeStyle::IsoNoTz));
+    }
+    if let Ok(naive) = chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.f") {
+        let utc = DateTime::<Utc>::from_naive_utc_and_offset(naive, Utc);
+        return Some((utc.fixed_offset(), DateTimeStyle::IsoNoTz));
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Format a datetime as ISO 8601 string.  UTC datetimes use the `Z` suffix
+/// (matching Azure's documented output), while offset datetimes keep their
+/// explicit offset.  Fractional seconds are included when non-zero.
+fn format_datetime(dt: &DateTime<FixedOffset>) -> String {
+    if dt.offset().local_minus_utc() == 0 {
+        // UTC → use Z suffix
+        dt.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.fZ").to_string()
+    } else {
+        dt.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.f%:z").to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format a datetime preserving the detected input style.
+fn format_datetime_styled(dt: &DateTime<FixedOffset>, style: DateTimeStyle) -> String {
+    match style {
+        DateTimeStyle::Rfc3339Z => dt.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.fZ").to_string(),
+        DateTimeStyle::Rfc3339Offset => dt.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.f%:z").to_string(),
+        DateTimeStyle::IsoNoTz => dt.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.f").to_string(),
+        DateTimeStyle::SpaceNoTz => dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f").to_string(),
+        DateTimeStyle::SpaceZ => dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.fZ").to_string(),
+        DateTimeStyle::SpaceOffset => dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f%:z").to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+// ── ISO 8601 duration parsing ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Parse an ISO 8601 duration string into a `chrono::Duration`.
+///
+/// Supports: `P[nY][nM][nD][T[nH][nM][nS]]`
+/// Examples: `P1D`, `PT1H`, `P1Y2M3DT4H5M6S`, `PT30M`, `-P1D`
+///
+/// Note: months/years are approximated (1 month = 30 days, 1 year = 365 days)
+/// since chrono::Duration is absolute. ARM template behavior matches this.
+fn parse_iso8601_duration(s: &str) -> Option<Duration> {
+    let (s, negative) = s.strip_prefix('-').map_or((s, false), |rest| (rest, true));
+
+    let s = s.strip_prefix('P')?;
+    let mut total_seconds: i64 = 0;
+    let mut in_time = false;
+    let mut num_buf = String::new();
+
+    for ch in s.chars() {
+        match ch {
+            'T' => {
+                if !num_buf.is_empty() {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                in_time = true;
+            }
+            '0'..='9' | '.' => {
+                num_buf.push(ch);
+            }
+            'Y' if !in_time => {
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n * 365.0 * 86400.0))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            'M' if !in_time => {
+                // Months in date part
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n * 30.0 * 86400.0))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            'W' if !in_time => {
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n * 7.0 * 86400.0))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            'D' if !in_time => {
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n * 86400.0))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            'H' if in_time => {
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n * 3600.0))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            'M' if in_time => {
+                // Minutes in time part
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n * 60.0))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            'S' if in_time => {
+                let n: f64 = num_buf.parse().ok()?;
+                total_seconds = total_seconds.checked_add(f64_as_i64(n))?;
+                num_buf.clear();
+            }
+            _ => return None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !num_buf.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let dur = Duration::seconds(if negative {
+        total_seconds.checked_neg()?
+    } else {
+        total_seconds
+    });
+    Some(dur)
+}
+
+// ── Builtin functions ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `dateTimeAdd(base, duration, format?)` → add ISO 8601 duration to datetime.
+///
+/// ARM template: `dateTimeAdd('2020-04-07 14:55:59', 'P3Y2M', 'yyyy-MM-dd')`
+/// The optional third argument is a .NET-style custom date/time format string.
+/// When absent, the output uses the same format as the input base string.
+fn fn_date_time_add(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(base_str) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(duration_str) = args.get(1).and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let Some((base_dt, style)) = parse_datetime_styled(base_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(duration) = parse_iso8601_duration(duration_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let result = base_dt
+        .checked_add_signed(duration)
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("dateTimeAdd: datetime overflow"))?;
+
+    let output = match args.get(2).and_then(as_str) {
+        Some(fmt) => format_datetime_dotnet(&result, fmt)?,
+        None => format_datetime_styled(&result, style),
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(output))
+}
+
+/// `dateTimeFromEpoch(epoch)` → ISO 8601 UTC datetime string from Unix epoch.
+fn fn_date_time_from_epoch(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(epoch) = args.first().and_then(extract_i64) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(dt) = DateTime::<Utc>::from_timestamp(epoch, 0) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    // Always UTC, so use Z suffix.
+    Ok(Value::from(dt.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ").to_string()))
+}
+
+/// `dateTimeToEpoch(dateTime)` → Unix epoch seconds from ISO 8601 string.
+fn fn_date_time_to_epoch(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(dt) = parse_datetime(s) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(dt.timestamp()))
+}
+
+/// `addDays(dateTime, numberOfDays)` → ISO 8601 datetime with days added.
+///
+/// Very common in real Azure Policy definitions (e.g., key expiry checks).
+fn fn_add_days(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(base_str) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(days) = args.get(1).and_then(extract_i64) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let Some(base_dt) = parse_datetime(base_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let duration = Duration::days(days);
+    let result = base_dt
+        .checked_add_signed(duration)
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("addDays: datetime overflow"))?;
+    Ok(Value::from(format_datetime(&result)))
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+fn extract_i64(v: &Value) -> Option<i64> {
+    match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n.as_i64(),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deliberate truncating conversion from `f64` → `i64`.
+#[expect(clippy::as_conversions)]
+const fn f64_as_i64(x: f64) -> i64 {
+    x as i64
+}
+
+/// Segments produced by parsing a .NET custom datetime format string.
+enum FmtSegment {
+    /// A chrono format string.
+    Chrono(String),
+    /// Fractional seconds, truncated to `n` digits (1..=7).
+    Frac(usize),
+    /// First character of AM/PM (the .NET `t` specifier).
+    AmPmShort,
+    /// Timezone offset hours, no leading zero (the .NET `z` specifier).
+    TzHoursNoPad,
+    /// Timezone offset hours, with leading zero (the .NET `zz` specifier).
+    TzHoursPad,
+}
+
+/// Result of trying to interpret a format string as a .NET standard specifier.
+enum StandardFormat {
+    /// Expanded custom format string.
+    Expansion(String),
+    /// A standard specifier that requires UTC conversion before formatting.
+    UtcNormalized(String),
+    /// Not a single-letter standard specifier (treat as custom format).
+    NotStandard,
+}
+
+/// Format a datetime using a .NET-style date/time format string.
+///
+/// Handles both standard format strings (single character like `d`, `G`, `o`)
+/// and custom format strings (multi-token patterns like `yyyy-MM-dd`).
+///
+/// # Compatibility note
+///
+/// This is an *approximation* of `System.DateTime.ToString()` targeting the
+/// invariant culture only, which is what Azure Policy uses in practice.  The
+/// segment-based architecture (`FmtSegment` + `dotnet_to_segments`) covers
+/// the specifiers exercised by real-world policy definitions, but
+/// culture-sensitive corners (localised day/month names, era designators,
+/// calendar systems, etc.) are deliberately omitted.  Pulling in a full
+/// ICU/globalisation stack would be disproportionate for this use case.
+/// If a specific .NET format corner is needed later, it can be added
+/// incrementally by extending the segment parser.
+fn format_datetime_dotnet(dt: &DateTime<FixedOffset>, dotnet_fmt: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    // Check for standard format specifiers and determine the effective
+    // custom format and the datetime to format against.
+    let (effective_fmt_owned, format_dt);
+    let effective_fmt = match resolve_standard_format(dotnet_fmt)? {
+        StandardFormat::Expansion(s) => {
+            effective_fmt_owned = s;
+            &effective_fmt_owned
+        }
+        StandardFormat::UtcNormalized(s) => {
+            // Convert to UTC before formatting (e.g. the 'u' specifier).
+            format_dt = dt.with_timezone(&Utc).fixed_offset();
+            effective_fmt_owned = s;
+            let is_utc = true;
+            let segments = dotnet_to_segments(&effective_fmt_owned, is_utc);
+            return Ok(render_segments(&format_dt, &segments));
+        }
+        StandardFormat::NotStandard => dotnet_fmt,
+    };
+    let is_utc = dt.offset().local_minus_utc() == 0;
+    let segments = dotnet_to_segments(effective_fmt, is_utc);
+    Ok(render_segments(dt, &segments))
+}
+
+/// Render pre-parsed format segments against a datetime value.
+fn render_segments(dt: &DateTime<FixedOffset>, segments: &[FmtSegment]) -> String {
+    let mut out = String::new();
+    for seg in segments {
+        match *seg {
+            FmtSegment::Chrono(ref fmt) => {
+                out.push_str(&dt.format(fmt).to_string());
+            }
+            FmtSegment::Frac(n) => {
+                // %f gives 9-digit nanoseconds; take the first n digits.
+                let nanos = dt.format("%f").to_string();
+                let truncated: String = nanos.chars().take(n).collect();
+                out.push_str(&truncated);
+            }
+            FmtSegment::AmPmShort => {
+                let full = dt.format("%p").to_string();
+                if let Some(c) = full.chars().next() {
+                    out.push(c);
+                }
+            }
+            FmtSegment::TzHoursNoPad => {
+                let hours = dt.offset().local_minus_utc() / 3600;
+                if hours >= 0 {
+                    out.push('+');
+                }
+                let _ = write!(out, "{hours}");
+            }
+            FmtSegment::TzHoursPad => {
+                let secs = dt.offset().local_minus_utc();
+                let hours = secs / 3600;
+                if secs >= 0 {
+                    let _ = write!(out, "+{hours:02}");
+                } else {
+                    let _ = write!(out, "-{:02}", hours.wrapping_neg());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Resolve a .NET standard date/time format specifier.
+///
+/// Returns the appropriate `StandardFormat` variant:
+/// - `Expansion` for standard specifiers that can be expanded to custom tokens.
+/// - `UtcNormalized` for specifiers that require UTC conversion first.
+/// - `NotStandard` when the string is a multi-character custom format.
+///
+/// Single-letter strings that are *not* a recognised standard specifier are
+/// also mapped to their equivalent custom token (via the .NET `%`-prefix
+/// rule), so that e.g. `"U"` does not silently produce a literal `U`.
+///
+/// Reference: <https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/base-types/standard-date-and-time-format-strings>
+fn resolve_standard_format(fmt: &str) -> Result<StandardFormat> {
+    if fmt.len() != 1 {
+        return Ok(StandardFormat::NotStandard);
+    }
+    Ok(match fmt {
+        // Short date  (invariant culture: MM/dd/yyyy)
+        "d" => StandardFormat::Expansion("MM/dd/yyyy".into()),
+        // Long date   (invariant: dddd, dd MMMM yyyy)
+        "D" => StandardFormat::Expansion("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy".into()),
+        // Short time  (invariant: HH:mm)
+        "t" => StandardFormat::Expansion("HH:mm".into()),
+        // Long time   (invariant: HH:mm:ss)
+        "T" => StandardFormat::Expansion("HH:mm:ss".into()),
+        // General short time  (short date + short time)
+        "g" => StandardFormat::Expansion("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm".into()),
+        // General long time   (short date + long time)
+        "G" => StandardFormat::Expansion("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss".into()),
+        // Month/day   (invariant: MMMM dd)
+        "M" | "m" => StandardFormat::Expansion("MMMM dd".into()),
+        // Round-trip / ISO 8601  (o / O are identical)
+        "o" | "O" => StandardFormat::Expansion("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss'.'fffffffK".into()),
+        // RFC1123  (invariant: ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT') — requires UTC conversion
+        "R" | "r" => StandardFormat::UtcNormalized("ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss 'GMT'".into()),
+        // Sortable   (ISO 8601 without offset)
+        "s" => StandardFormat::Expansion("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss".into()),
+        // Universal sortable  (UTC, trailing Z) — requires UTC conversion
+        "u" => StandardFormat::UtcNormalized("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd HH':'mm':'ss'Z'".into()),
+        // Full date/time (UTC) — requires UTC conversion
+        "U" => StandardFormat::UtcNormalized("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss".into()),
+        // Year/month  (invariant: yyyy MMMM)
+        "Y" | "y" => StandardFormat::Expansion("yyyy MMMM".into()),
+        // Full date/short time
+        "f" => StandardFormat::Expansion("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm".into()),
+        // Full date/long time
+        "F" => StandardFormat::Expansion("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss".into()),
+        // Not a standard specifier → error.  In .NET, passing an
+        // unrecognised single-letter string to DateTime.ToString() throws
+        // FormatException rather than silently echoing the character.
+        _ => anyhow::bail!(
+            "dateTimeAdd: unrecognised standard format specifier '{}'",
+            fmt
+        ),
+    })
+}
+
+/// Parse a .NET custom datetime format string into segments.
+///
+/// Consecutive chrono-compatible tokens are batched into a single `Chrono`
+/// segment; tokens that need custom logic produce their own segment.
+fn dotnet_to_segments(fmt: &str, is_utc: bool) -> Vec<FmtSegment> {
+    let mut segments: Vec<FmtSegment> = Vec::new();
+    let mut chrono_buf = String::new();
+    let chars: Vec<char> = fmt.chars().collect();
+    let len = chars.len();
+    let mut i: usize = 0;
+
+    macro_rules! flush {
+        () => {
+            if !chrono_buf.is_empty() {
+                segments.push(FmtSegment::Chrono(core::mem::take(&mut chrono_buf)));
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    while i < len {
+        let ch = chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0');
+        let remaining = len.saturating_sub(i);
+
+        match ch {
+            // Escaped literal
+            '\\' if remaining > 1 => {
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                let next = chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0');
+                chrono_buf.push(next);
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Quoted literal
+            '\'' => {
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                while i < len {
+                    let c = chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0');
+                    if c == '\'' {
+                        i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    chrono_buf.push(c);
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                }
+            }
+            // Year
+            'y' if remaining >= 4 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'y', 4) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%Y");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(4);
+            }
+            'y' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'y', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%y");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            // Month
+            'M' if remaining >= 4 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'M', 4) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%B");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(4);
+            }
+            'M' if remaining >= 3 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'M', 3) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%b");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(3);
+            }
+            'M' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'M', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%m");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            'M' => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%-m");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Day
+            'd' if remaining >= 4 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'd', 4) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%A");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(4);
+            }
+            'd' if remaining >= 3 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'd', 3) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%a");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(3);
+            }
+            'd' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'd', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%d");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            'd' => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%-d");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // 24-hour
+            'H' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'H', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%H");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            'H' => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%-H");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // 12-hour
+            'h' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'h', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%I");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            'h' => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%-I");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Minute
+            'm' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'm', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%M");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            'm' => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%-M");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Second
+            's' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 's', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%S");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            's' => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%-S");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Fractions of second — consume the full run of 'f' chars
+            'f' => {
+                let mut count: usize = 0;
+                while i < len && chars.get(i).copied() == Some('f') {
+                    count = count.wrapping_add(1);
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                }
+                flush!();
+                // Clamp to 9 (nanosecond precision from chrono).
+                segments.push(FmtSegment::Frac(count.min(9)));
+            }
+            // AM/PM
+            't' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 't', 2) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%p");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            't' => {
+                flush!();
+                segments.push(FmtSegment::AmPmShort);
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Timezone: K in .NET → offset or Z
+            'K' => {
+                if is_utc {
+                    chrono_buf.push('Z');
+                } else {
+                    chrono_buf.push_str("%:z");
+                }
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Timezone offset zzz → full offset +00:00
+            'z' if remaining >= 3 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'z', 3) => {
+                chrono_buf.push_str("%:z");
+                i = i.wrapping_add(3);
+            }
+            // zz → offset hours with leading zero
+            'z' if remaining >= 2 && matches_run(&chars, i, 'z', 2) => {
+                flush!();
+                segments.push(FmtSegment::TzHoursPad);
+                i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+            }
+            // z → offset hours without leading zero
+            'z' => {
+                flush!();
+                segments.push(FmtSegment::TzHoursNoPad);
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+            // Literal characters (including T, :, -, etc.)
+            _ => {
+                chrono_buf.push(ch);
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    flush!();
+    segments
+}
+
+/// Check whether the slice starting at `start` contains at least `count`
+/// consecutive occurrences of `ch`.
+fn matches_run(chars: &[char], start: usize, ch: char, count: usize) -> bool {
+    (0..count).all(|offset| chars.get(start.wrapping_add(offset)).copied() == Some(ch))
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions_encoding.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template encoding builtins: base64, base64ToString, base64ToJson,
+//! uri, uriComponent, uriComponentToString, dataUri, dataUriToString.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use super::helpers::as_str;
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.base64", (fn_base64, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.base64_to_string", (fn_base64_to_string, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.base64_to_json", (fn_base64_to_json, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.uri", (fn_uri, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.uri_component", (fn_uri_component, 1));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.uri_component_to_string",
+        (fn_uri_component_to_string, 1),
+    );
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.data_uri", (fn_data_uri, 1));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.data_uri_to_string",
+        (fn_data_uri_to_string, 1),
+    );
+}
+
+// ── Base64 helpers (pure implementation, no external deps) ────────────
+
+const BASE64_CHARS: &[u8; 64] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+fn base64_encode(input: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let cap = input.len().div_ceil(3).saturating_mul(4);
+    let mut result = String::with_capacity(cap);
+    for chunk in input.chunks(3) {
+        let b0 = u32::from(*chunk.first().unwrap_or(&0));
+        let b1 = u32::from(*chunk.get(1).unwrap_or(&0));
+        let b2 = u32::from(*chunk.get(2).unwrap_or(&0));
+        let triple = (b0 << 16) | (b1 << 8) | b2;
+        let idx0 = usize::try_from((triple >> 18) & 0x3F).unwrap_or(0);
+        let idx1 = usize::try_from((triple >> 12) & 0x3F).unwrap_or(0);
+        let idx2 = usize::try_from((triple >> 6) & 0x3F).unwrap_or(0);
+        let idx3 = usize::try_from(triple & 0x3F).unwrap_or(0);
+        result.push(char::from(*BASE64_CHARS.get(idx0).unwrap_or(&b'A')));
+        result.push(char::from(*BASE64_CHARS.get(idx1).unwrap_or(&b'A')));
+        if chunk.len() > 1 {
+            result.push(char::from(*BASE64_CHARS.get(idx2).unwrap_or(&b'A')));
+        } else {
+            result.push('=');
+        }
+        if chunk.len() > 2 {
+            result.push(char::from(*BASE64_CHARS.get(idx3).unwrap_or(&b'A')));
+        } else {
+            result.push('=');
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+const fn base64_decode_byte(c: u8) -> Option<u8> {
+    match c {
+        b'A'..=b'Z' => Some(c.wrapping_sub(b'A')),
+        b'a'..=b'z' => Some(c.wrapping_sub(b'a').wrapping_add(26)),
+        b'0'..=b'9' => Some(c.wrapping_sub(b'0').wrapping_add(52)),
+        b'+' => Some(62),
+        b'/' => Some(63),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn base64_decode(input: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let input = input.trim();
+    if input.is_empty() {
+        return Some(Vec::new());
+    }
+    let bytes: Vec<u8> = input
+        .bytes()
+        .filter(|&b| b != b'\n' && b != b'\r')
+        .collect();
+    if !bytes.len().is_multiple_of(4) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity((bytes.len() / 4).saturating_mul(3));
+    for chunk in bytes.chunks(4) {
+        let [c0, c1, c2, c3] = <[u8; 4]>::try_from(chunk).ok()?;
+        let a = base64_decode_byte(c0)?;
+        let b = base64_decode_byte(c1)?;
+        let triple = u32::from(a) << 18
+            | u32::from(b) << 12
+            | if c2 != b'=' {
+                u32::from(base64_decode_byte(c2)?) << 6
+            } else {
+                0
+            }
+            | if c3 != b'=' {
+                u32::from(base64_decode_byte(c3)?)
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
+        result.push(u8::try_from((triple >> 16) & 0xFF).unwrap_or(0));
+        if c2 != b'=' {
+            result.push(u8::try_from((triple >> 8) & 0xFF).unwrap_or(0));
+        }
+        if c3 != b'=' {
+            result.push(u8::try_from(triple & 0xFF).unwrap_or(0));
+        }
+    }
+    Some(result)
+}
+
+/// `base64(inputString)` → base64-encoded string.
+fn fn_base64(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(base64_encode(s.as_bytes())))
+}
+
+/// `base64ToString(base64Value)` → decoded UTF-8 string.
+fn fn_base64_to_string(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(decoded) = base64_decode(s) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    String::from_utf8(decoded).map_or_else(|_| Ok(Value::Undefined), |text| Ok(Value::from(text)))
+}
+
+/// `base64ToJson(base64Value)` → parsed JSON value from base64-encoded string.
+fn fn_base64_to_json(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(decoded) = base64_decode(s) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Ok(text) = String::from_utf8(decoded) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Value::from_json_str(&text).map_or_else(|_| Ok(Value::Undefined), Ok)
+}
+
+// ── URI helpers (pure implementation) ─────────────────────────────────
+
+const fn is_unreserved(b: u8) -> bool {
+    b.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || b == b'-' || b == b'_' || b == b'.' || b == b'~'
+}
+
+fn percent_encode(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut result = String::with_capacity(s.len());
+    for &b in s.as_bytes() {
+        if is_unreserved(b) {
+            result.push(char::from(b));
+        } else {
+            // b >> 4 is in 0..=15 and b & 0x0F is in 0..=15, so from_digit
+            // always returns Some for radix 16.
+            result.push('%');
+            result.push(
+                core::char::from_digit(u32::from(b >> 4), 16)
+                    .unwrap_or('0')
+                    .to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            );
+            result.push(
+                core::char::from_digit(u32::from(b & 0x0F), 16)
+                    .unwrap_or('0')
+                    .to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+fn percent_decode(s: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(bytes.len());
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < bytes.len() {
+        if *bytes.get(i)? == b'%' {
+            // Require exactly two hex digits after '%'; reject incomplete escapes.
+            let hi = char::from(*bytes.get(i.checked_add(1)?)?).to_digit(16)?;
+            let lo = char::from(*bytes.get(i.checked_add(2)?)?).to_digit(16)?;
+            result.push(u8::try_from(hi.checked_mul(16)?.checked_add(lo)?).ok()?);
+            i = i.checked_add(3)?;
+        } else {
+            result.push(*bytes.get(i)?);
+            i = i.checked_add(1)?;
+        }
+    }
+    String::from_utf8(result).ok()
+}
+
+/// `uri(baseUri, relativeUri)` → combined URI.
+fn fn_uri(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    if args.len() != 2 {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    }
+    let (Some(base), Some(relative)) =
+        (args.first().and_then(as_str), args.get(1).and_then(as_str))
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    // Simple URI combination following Azure semantics.
+    let combined = if relative.starts_with("http://") || relative.starts_with("https://") {
+        // Relative is an absolute URL — use it directly.
+        relative.to_string()
+    } else if base.ends_with('/') {
+        alloc::format!("{}{}", base, relative.trim_start_matches('/'))
+    } else {
+        // Find the end of the authority (scheme://host).  The path starts
+        // after the third '/' (e.g. https://example.com/path → slash at
+        // position after "com").  If there is no path component at all
+        // (e.g. "https://example.com"), just append.
+        let scheme_end = base.find("://").map(|p| p.wrapping_add(3)).unwrap_or(0);
+        let path_slash = base.get(scheme_end..).and_then(|rest| rest.find('/'));
+
+        path_slash.map_or_else(
+            || {
+                // Authority-only base (no path) — append with slash.
+                alloc::format!("{}/{}", base, relative.trim_start_matches('/'))
+            },
+            |offset| {
+                // There is a path — replace the last segment.
+                let abs_pos = scheme_end.wrapping_add(offset);
+                let last_slash = base
+                    .get(abs_pos..)
+                    .and_then(|p| p.rfind('/'))
+                    .map(|o| abs_pos.wrapping_add(o));
+                let cut = last_slash.unwrap_or(abs_pos);
+                alloc::format!(
+                    "{}/{}",
+                    base.get(..cut).unwrap_or(base),
+                    relative.trim_start_matches('/')
+                )
+            },
+        )
+    };
+
+    Ok(Value::from(combined))
+}
+
+/// `uriComponent(stringToEncode)` → percent-encoded string.
+fn fn_uri_component(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(percent_encode(s)))
+}
+
+/// `uriComponentToString(uriEncodedString)` → decoded string.
+fn fn_uri_component_to_string(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    percent_decode(s).map_or_else(|| Ok(Value::Undefined), |decoded| Ok(Value::from(decoded)))
+}
+
+/// `dataUri(stringToConvert)` → data URI (text/plain;charset=utf8).
+fn fn_data_uri(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let encoded = base64_encode(s.as_bytes());
+    Ok(Value::from(alloc::format!(
+        "data:text/plain;charset=utf8;base64,{}",
+        encoded
+    )))
+}
+
+/// `dataUriToString(dataUriToConvert)` → decoded string from data URI.
+fn fn_data_uri_to_string(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    // Expected format: data:<mediatype>;base64,<data>
+    let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("data:") else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    // Find the base64 data after the last comma.
+    let Some(comma_pos) = rest.rfind(',') else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let b64_data = rest.get(comma_pos.saturating_add(1)..).unwrap_or("");
+
+    let Some(decoded) = base64_decode(b64_data) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    String::from_utf8(decoded).map_or_else(|_| Ok(Value::Undefined), |text| Ok(Value::from(text)))
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions_misc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template miscellaneous function builtins for Azure Policy expressions.
+//!
+//! Implements: json, join, items, indexFromEnd, tryGet, tryIndexFromEnd.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+use crate::Rc;
+
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use super::helpers::as_str;
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.json", (fn_json, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.join", (fn_join, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.items", (fn_items, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.index_from_end", (fn_index_from_end, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.try_get", (fn_try_get, 2));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.try_index_from_end",
+        (fn_try_index_from_end, 2),
+    );
+    // TODO: implement guid() and uniqueString() — need a SHA-2 based
+    // deterministic hash (FNV-1a could be used as a lighter alternative
+    // since these functions don't serve a security purpose).
+}
+
+// ── json ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `json(arg)` → parses a JSON string into a typed value.
+///
+/// `json('null')` returns null, `json('{"a":1}')` returns an object, etc.
+fn fn_json(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(as_str) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Value::from_json_str(s).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("json(): {}", e))
+}
+
+// ── join ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `join(inputArray, delimiter)` → joins array elements with delimiter.
+fn fn_join(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [arr_val, delim_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Value::Array(ref arr) = *arr_val else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(delim) = as_str(delim_val) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let parts: Vec<String> = arr
+        .iter()
+        .map(|v| match *v {
+            Value::String(ref s) => s.to_string(),
+            Value::Number(ref n) => n.format_decimal(),
+            Value::Bool(b) => b.to_string(),
+            Value::Null => "null".to_string(),
+            _ => v.to_string(),
+        })
+        .collect();
+    Ok(Value::from(parts.join(delim)))
+}
+
+// ── items ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `items(object)` → array of `{"key": k, "value": v}` pairs.
+fn fn_items(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(first) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Value::Object(ref obj) = *first else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(obj.len());
+    for (k, v) in obj.as_ref() {
+        let mut entry = BTreeMap::<Value, Value>::new();
+        entry.insert(Value::from("key"), k.clone());
+        entry.insert(Value::from("value"), v.clone());
+        result.push(Value::Object(Rc::new(entry)));
+    }
+    Ok(Value::Array(Rc::new(result)))
+}
+
+// ── indexFromEnd ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `indexFromEnd(sourceArray, reverseIndex)` → element at 1-based reverse index.
+///
+/// `indexFromEnd([a,b,c,d], 2)` returns `c` (2nd from end).
+fn fn_index_from_end(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [arr_val, idx_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Value::Array(ref arr) = *arr_val else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(rev_idx) = extract_usize(idx_val) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    if rev_idx == 0 || rev_idx > arr.len() {
+        anyhow::bail!("indexFromEnd: reverse index {} out of bounds", rev_idx);
+    }
+    let pos = arr
+        .len()
+        .checked_sub(rev_idx)
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("indexFromEnd: arithmetic overflow"))?;
+    arr.get(pos)
+        .cloned()
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("indexFromEnd: index out of bounds"))
+}
+
+// ── tryGet ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `tryGet(itemToTest, keyOrIndex)` → value at key/index, or null if missing.
+fn fn_try_get(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [item, key_or_idx] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *item {
+        Value::Object(ref obj) => {
+            // Property lookup by string key
+            Ok(obj.get(key_or_idx).cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null))
+        }
+        Value::Array(ref arr) => {
+            // Index lookup
+            let Some(idx) = extract_usize(key_or_idx) else {
+                return Ok(Value::Null);
+            };
+            Ok(arr.get(idx).cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null))
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Value::Null),
+    }
+}
+
+// ── tryIndexFromEnd ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// `tryIndexFromEnd(sourceArray, reverseIndex)` → element or null if out of bounds.
+fn fn_try_index_from_end(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [arr_val, idx_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Value::Array(ref arr) = *arr_val else {
+        return Ok(Value::Null);
+    };
+    let Some(rev_idx) = extract_usize(idx_val) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Null);
+    };
+    if rev_idx == 0 || rev_idx > arr.len() {
+        return Ok(Value::Null);
+    }
+    let pos = arr.len().saturating_sub(rev_idx);
+    Ok(arr.get(pos).cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null))
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+fn extract_usize(v: &Value) -> Option<usize> {
+    match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n
+            .as_i64()
+            .and_then(|x| usize::try_from(x).ok())
+            .or_else(|| n.as_f64().and_then(|x| usize::try_from(f64_to_i64(x)).ok())),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+#[expect(clippy::as_conversions)]
+const fn f64_to_i64(x: f64) -> i64 {
+    x as i64
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions_numeric.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template numeric function builtins for Azure Policy expressions.
+//!
+//! Implements: min, max, float.
+//!
+//! Note: `sub`, `mul`, `div`, `mod` are compiled directly to native RVM
+//! instructions (`Sub`, `Mul`, `Div`, `Mod`) and do not need builtins.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use super::helpers::try_coerce_to_number;
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.min", (fn_min, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.max", (fn_max, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.float", (fn_float, 1));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.int_div", (fn_int_div, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.int_mod", (fn_int_mod, 2));
+}
+
+/// `min(arg1, arg2, ...)` or `min(intArray)` → smallest integer/number.
+///
+/// Accepts either:
+/// - Multiple integer arguments: `min(1, 2, 3)` → `1`
+/// - A single array argument: `min([1, 2, 3])` → `1`
+fn fn_min(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let values = if args.len() == 1 {
+        args.first().map_or(args, |first| match *first {
+            Value::Array(ref arr) => arr.as_ref().as_slice(),
+            _ => args,
+        })
+    } else {
+        args
+    };
+
+    if values.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    }
+
+    let mut result: Option<&Value> = None;
+    for v in values {
+        match *v {
+            Value::Number(_) => {
+                result = Some(match result {
+                    Some(current) if v >= current => current,
+                    _ => v,
+                });
+            }
+            _ => return Ok(Value::Undefined),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(result.cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Undefined))
+}
+
+/// `max(arg1, arg2, ...)` or `max(intArray)` → largest integer/number.
+///
+/// Same overloading as `min`.
+fn fn_max(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let values = if args.len() == 1 {
+        args.first().map_or(args, |first| match *first {
+            Value::Array(ref arr) => arr.as_ref().as_slice(),
+            _ => args,
+        })
+    } else {
+        args
+    };
+
+    if values.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    }
+
+    let mut result: Option<&Value> = None;
+    for v in values {
+        match *v {
+            Value::Number(_) => {
+                result = Some(match result {
+                    Some(current) if v <= current => current,
+                    _ => v,
+                });
+            }
+            _ => return Ok(Value::Undefined),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(result.cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Undefined))
+}
+
+/// `float(value)` → floating-point number.
+fn fn_float(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    match *arg {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => Ok(n.as_f64().map_or(Value::Undefined, Value::from)),
+        Value::String(ref s) => Ok(try_coerce_to_number(s)
+            .and_then(|n| n.as_f64())
+            .map_or(Value::Undefined, Value::from)),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `div(operand1, operand2)` → integer division (truncating).
+///
+/// ARM template `div()` performs integer division, unlike the RVM `Div`
+/// instruction which may produce floats for non-evenly-divisible operands.
+fn fn_int_div(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [a, b] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let (a, b) = (extract_i64(a), extract_i64(b));
+    match (a, b) {
+        (Some(a), Some(b)) => a
+            .checked_div(b)
+            .map_or(Ok(Value::Undefined), |r| Ok(Value::from(r))),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `mod(operand1, operand2)` → integer modulo.
+fn fn_int_mod(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [a, b] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let (a, b) = (extract_i64(a), extract_i64(b));
+    match (a, b) {
+        (Some(a), Some(b)) => a
+            .checked_rem(b)
+            .map_or(Ok(Value::Undefined), |r| Ok(Value::from(r))),
+        _ => Ok(Value::Undefined),
+    }
+}
+
+fn extract_i64(v: &Value) -> Option<i64> {
+    match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n.as_i64().or_else(|| n.as_f64().map(f64_to_i64)),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+#[expect(clippy::as_conversions)]
+const fn f64_to_i64(x: f64) -> i64 {
+    x as i64
+}

src/builtins/azure_policy/template_functions_string.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! ARM template string function builtins for Azure Policy expressions.
+//!
+//! Implements: indexOf, lastIndexOf, trim, format.
+
+use crate::ast::{Expr, Ref};
+use crate::builtins;
+use crate::languages::azure_policy::strings::case_fold;
+use crate::lexer::Span;
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use super::helpers::as_str;
+
+pub(super) fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.index_of", (fn_index_of, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.last_index_of", (fn_last_index_of, 2));
+    m.insert("azure.policy.fn.trim", (fn_trim, 1));
+    m.insert(
+        "azure.policy.fn.format",
+        (fn_format, super::MAX_VARIADIC_ARGS),
+    );
+}
+
+/// `indexOf(stringToSearch, stringToFind)` → zero-based character index, or -1 if not found.
+///
+/// Azure documents this as case-insensitive.  Uses full Unicode case folding
+/// via ICU4X (`case_fold::fold`) and returns a *character* index (not byte).
+fn fn_index_of(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [hay_val, needle_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let (Some(haystack), Some(needle)) = (as_str(hay_val), as_str(needle_val)) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(case_insensitive_index_of(haystack, needle)))
+}
+
+/// `lastIndexOf(stringToSearch, stringToFind)` → zero-based character index, or -1.
+///
+/// Azure documents this as case-insensitive.  Uses full Unicode case folding
+/// and returns a *character* index.
+fn fn_last_index_of(
+    _span: &Span,
+    _params: &[Ref<Expr>],
+    args: &[Value],
+    _strict: bool,
+) -> Result<Value> {
+    #[allow(clippy::pattern_type_mismatch)]
+    let [hay_val, needle_val] = args
+    else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let (Some(haystack), Some(needle)) = (as_str(hay_val), as_str(needle_val)) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(case_insensitive_last_index_of(
+        haystack, needle,
+    )))
+}
+
+/// Case-insensitive first-occurrence search returning a *UTF-16 code-unit* index.
+///
+/// Azure/ARM string functions are .NET-based — indices are UTF-16 code units,
+/// not Rust `char` (Unicode scalar) positions.  We track the UTF-16 offset
+/// in `fold_with_char_map` so that surrogate-pair characters are counted
+/// correctly.
+///
+/// Case-folds both strings using ICU4X and searches in the folded domain.
+/// The haystack is folded in a single pass that simultaneously builds a
+/// byte-to-UTF-16-offset mapping, avoiding a redundant second fold.
+fn case_insensitive_index_of(haystack: &str, needle: &str) -> i64 {
+    let folded_needle = case_fold::fold(needle);
+    if folded_needle.is_empty() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    let (folded_hay, byte_to_utf16) = fold_with_char_map(haystack);
+    if folded_needle.len() > folded_hay.len() {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    folded_hay
+        .find(&*folded_needle)
+        .and_then(|byte_pos| byte_to_utf16.get(byte_pos).copied())
+        .and_then(|ci| i64::try_from(ci).ok())
+        .unwrap_or(-1)
+}
+
+/// Case-insensitive last-occurrence search returning a *UTF-16 code-unit* index.
+fn case_insensitive_last_index_of(haystack: &str, needle: &str) -> i64 {
+    let folded_needle = case_fold::fold(needle);
+    if folded_needle.is_empty() {
+        return i64::try_from(haystack.encode_utf16().count()).unwrap_or(-1);
+    }
+
+    let (folded_hay, byte_to_utf16) = fold_with_char_map(haystack);
+    if folded_needle.len() > folded_hay.len() {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    folded_hay
+        .rfind(&*folded_needle)
+        .and_then(|byte_pos| byte_to_utf16.get(byte_pos).copied())
+        .and_then(|ci| i64::try_from(ci).ok())
+        .unwrap_or(-1)
+}
+
+/// Case-fold a string one character at a time, returning both the folded
+/// string and a byte-to-UTF-16-offset map in a single pass.
+///
+/// Each source character contributes `ch.len_utf16()` to the running
+/// UTF-16 offset, so non-BMP codepoints (surrogate pairs) are counted
+/// as two units — matching .NET `String.IndexOf` semantics.
+///
+/// # Performance note
+///
+/// This function allocates a folded copy of the haystack and a parallel
+/// `Vec<usize>` mapping every folded byte back to a source UTF-16 offset.
+/// The allocation is inherent to Unicode case folding — you need the folded
+/// string to search in it.  For the string sizes typical in Azure Policy
+/// templates (field names, resource type strings) this is negligible.  If
+/// profiling ever shows this as a hot path on very large inputs, a streaming
+/// fold-and-match approach could replace it, but that is speculative
+/// optimisation at this point.
+fn fold_with_char_map(s: &str) -> (String, Vec<usize>) {
+    let mut folded = String::with_capacity(s.len());
+    let mut map = Vec::with_capacity(s.len());
+
+    let mut utf16_offset: usize = 0;
+    for (byte_idx, ch) in s.char_indices() {
+        let ch_len = ch.len_utf8();
+        let end = byte_idx.wrapping_add(ch_len);
+        let ch_slice = s.get(byte_idx..end).unwrap_or("");
+        let folded_ch = case_fold::fold(ch_slice);
+
+        folded.push_str(&folded_ch);
+        for _ in 0..folded_ch.len() {
+            map.push(utf16_offset);
+        }
+        utf16_offset = utf16_offset.wrapping_add(ch.len_utf16());
+    }
+
+    (folded, map)
+}
+
+/// `trim(stringToTrim)` → string with leading/trailing whitespace removed.
+fn fn_trim(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let Some(arg) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(s) = as_str(arg) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::from(s.trim().to_string()))
+}
+
+/// `format(formatString, arg0, arg1, ...)` → formatted string.
+///
+/// ARM template format matches `System.String.Format` conventions:
+/// - `{index[,alignment][:formatString]}` placeholders
+/// - `{{` and `}}` are escaped literal braces
+/// - Alignment: positive = right-padded, negative = left-padded
+/// - Numeric format strings: N/n (number with thousands), D/d (decimal),
+///   X/x (hex), F/f (fixed-point), etc.
+fn fn_format(_span: &Span, _params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    if args.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    }
+    let Some(first) = args.first() else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+    let Some(template) = as_str(first) else {
+        return Ok(Value::Undefined);
+    };
+
+    let format_args: Vec<String> = args
+        .get(1..)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|v| match *v {
+            Value::String(ref s) => s.to_string(),
+            Value::Number(ref n) => n.format_decimal(),
+            Value::Bool(true) => "True".into(),
+            Value::Bool(false) => "False".into(),
+            Value::Null => String::new(),
+            _ => v.to_string(),
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let format_args_values = args.get(1..).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let mut result = String::new();
+    let chars: Vec<char> = template.chars().collect();
+    let len = chars.len();
+    let mut i = 0;
+
+    while i < len {
+        let ch = chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0');
+        match ch {
+            '{' => {
+                // Check for escaped brace {{
+                if chars.get(i.wrapping_add(1)).copied() == Some('{') {
+                    result.push('{');
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Parse placeholder: {index[,alignment][:formatString]}
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1); // skip '{'
+                let mut index_str = String::new();
+                while i < len && chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0').is_ascii_digit() {
+                    index_str.push(chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0'));
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                }
+                if index_str.is_empty() {
+                    anyhow::bail!(
+                        "format: invalid placeholder at position {}; expected '{{index}}'",
+                        i.wrapping_sub(1)
+                    );
+                }
+                let idx: usize = index_str.parse().map_err(|_| {
+                    anyhow::anyhow!(
+                        "format: invalid placeholder index '{}' at position {}; expected a non-negative integer within range",
+                        index_str,
+                        i.wrapping_sub(index_str.len()).wrapping_sub(1)
+                    )
+                })?;
+
+                // Optional alignment
+                let alignment: i32 = if chars.get(i).copied() == Some(',') {
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(1); // skip ','
+                    let mut align_str = String::new();
+                    while i < len {
+                        let c = chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0');
+                        if c == ':' || c == '}' {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        align_str.push(c);
+                        i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                    }
+                    let trimmed = align_str.trim();
+                    if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                        anyhow::bail!(
+                            "format: empty alignment value in placeholder at position {}",
+                            i.wrapping_sub(align_str.len()).wrapping_sub(1)
+                        );
+                    }
+                    trimmed.parse().map_err(|_| {
+                        anyhow::anyhow!(
+                            "format: invalid alignment '{}' in placeholder; expected an integer",
+                            trimmed
+                        )
+                    })?
+                } else {
+                    0
+                };
+
+                // Optional format specifier
+                let mut fmt_spec = String::new();
+                if chars.get(i).copied() == Some(':') {
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(1); // skip ':'
+                    while i < len && chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0') != '}' {
+                        fmt_spec.push(chars.get(i).copied().unwrap_or('\0'));
+                        i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Require closing '}'
+                if chars.get(i).copied() == Some('}') {
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+                } else {
+                    anyhow::bail!(
+                        "format: unmatched opening brace '{{{{' at position {}; \
+                         expected closing '}}}}'.",
+                        i.wrapping_sub(index_str.len()).wrapping_sub(1)
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // Format the argument — error if the index is out of range,
+                // matching System.String.Format semantics.
+                let Some(raw) = format_args.get(idx).cloned() else {
+                    anyhow::bail!(
+                        "format: placeholder {{{idx}}} references argument index {idx}, \
+                         but only {} argument(s) were supplied",
+                        format_args.len()
+                    );
+                };
+                let formatted = if fmt_spec.is_empty() {
+                    raw
+                } else {
+                    apply_format_spec(&raw, &fmt_spec, format_args_values.get(idx))?
+                };
+
+                // Apply alignment
+                apply_alignment(&mut result, &formatted, alignment)?;
+            }
+            '}' => {
+                // Escaped }} → literal '}'
+                if chars.get(i.wrapping_add(1)).copied() == Some('}') {
+                    result.push('}');
+                    i = i.wrapping_add(2);
+                } else {
+                    anyhow::bail!("format: unmatched closing brace '}}' at position {i}");
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                result.push(ch);
+                i = i.wrapping_add(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(Value::from(result))
+}
+
+/// Apply a .NET-style format specifier to a value string.
+fn apply_format_spec(raw: &str, spec: &str, value: Option<&Value>) -> Result<String> {
+    let spec_char = spec.chars().next().unwrap_or('G');
+    let precision: Option<usize> = spec.get(1..).and_then(|s| s.parse().ok());
+
+    // Try to get numeric value for numeric formatting
+    let int_val = value.and_then(|v| match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n.as_i64(),
+        _ => None,
+    });
+    let float_val = value.and_then(|v| match *v {
+        Value::Number(ref n) => n.as_f64(),
+        _ => None,
+    });
+
+    Ok(match spec_char {
+        // Fixed-point
+        'F' | 'f' => {
+            let prec = precision.unwrap_or(2);
+            float_val.map_or_else(|| raw.to_string(), |f| alloc::format!("{f:.prec$}"))
+        }
+        // Number with thousands separator
+        'N' | 'n' => {
+            let prec = precision.unwrap_or(2);
+            float_val.map_or_else(|| raw.to_string(), |f| format_with_thousands(f, prec))
+        }
+        // Decimal (integer)
+        'D' | 'd' => {
+            let width = precision.unwrap_or(0);
+            int_val.map_or_else(
+                || raw.to_string(),
+                |n| {
+                    if n < 0 {
+                        alloc::format!("-{:0>width$}", n.unsigned_abs())
+                    } else {
+                        alloc::format!("{n:0>width$}")
+                    }
+                },
+            )
+        }
+        // Hexadecimal
+        'X' => {
+            let width = precision.unwrap_or(0);
+            int_val.map_or_else(
+                || raw.to_string(),
+                |n| alloc::format!("{:0>width$}", alloc::format!("{n:X}")),
+            )
+        }
+        'x' => {
+            let width = precision.unwrap_or(0);
+            int_val.map_or_else(
+                || raw.to_string(),
+                |n| alloc::format!("{:0>width$}", alloc::format!("{n:x}")),
+            )
+        }
+        // Percent
+        'P' | 'p' => {
+            let prec = precision.unwrap_or(2);
+            float_val.map_or_else(
+                || raw.to_string(),
+                |f| {
+                    let pct = f * 100.0;
+                    alloc::format!("{pct:.prec$} %")
+                },
+            )
+        }
+        // Unknown specifier: error for numeric values (.NET throws FormatException),
+        // pass through for non-numeric.
+        _ => {
+            if int_val.is_some() || float_val.is_some() {
+                anyhow::bail!("format: invalid numeric format specifier '{spec_char}'");
+            }
+            raw.to_string()
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// Format a number with thousands separators and fixed decimal places.
+fn format_with_thousands(value: f64, precision: usize) -> String {
+    let formatted = alloc::format!("{value:.precision$}");
+    let (int_part, dec_part) = formatted.split_once('.').unwrap_or((&formatted, ""));
+
+    let negative = int_part.starts_with('-');
+    let digits = if negative {
+        int_part.get(1..).unwrap_or("")
+    } else {
+        int_part
+    };
+
+    let mut with_commas = String::new();
+    for (i, ch) in digits.chars().rev().enumerate() {
+        if i > 0 && i % 3 == 0 {
+            with_commas.push(',');
+        }
+        with_commas.push(ch);
+    }
+    let with_commas: String = with_commas.chars().rev().collect();
+
+    let mut result = String::new();
+    if negative {
+        result.push('-');
+    }
+    result.push_str(&with_commas);
+    if precision > 0 {
+        result.push('.');
+        result.push_str(dec_part);
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+/// Maximum alignment width to prevent excessive memory allocation from
+/// user-controlled format strings (e.g. `{0,1000000000}`).
+const MAX_ALIGNMENT_WIDTH: usize = 10_000;
+
+/// Apply alignment (padding) to a formatted value.
+fn apply_alignment(result: &mut String, formatted: &str, alignment: i32) -> Result<()> {
+    if alignment == 0 {
+        result.push_str(formatted);
+    } else {
+        let width = usize::try_from(alignment.unsigned_abs()).unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
+        if width > MAX_ALIGNMENT_WIDTH {
+            anyhow::bail!(
+                "format: alignment width {width} exceeds maximum allowed ({MAX_ALIGNMENT_WIDTH})"
+            );
+        }
+        let char_len = formatted.chars().count();
+        if char_len >= width {
+            result.push_str(formatted);
+        } else {
+            let padding = width.saturating_sub(char_len);
+            if alignment > 0 {
+                // Right-align: pad on left
+                for _ in 0..padding {
+                    result.push(' ');
+                }
+                result.push_str(formatted);
+            } else {
+                // Left-align: pad on right
+                result.push_str(formatted);
+                for _ in 0..padding {
+                    result.push(' ');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

src/builtins/glob.rs

@@ -52,11 +52,33 @@ fn make_delimiters_unix_style(s: &str, delimiters: &[char]) -> Result<String> {
 }
 
 fn make_glob(pattern: &str, span: &Span) -> Result<GlobMatcher> {
-    Ok(GlobBuilder::new(pattern)
-        .literal_separator(true)
-        .build()
-        .or_else(|_| bail!(span.error("invalid glob")))?
-        .compile_matcher())
+    #[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+    {
+        {
+            let mut cache = crate::cache::GLOB_CACHE.lock();
+            if let Some(matcher) = cache.get(pattern) {
+                return Ok(matcher.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        let matcher = GlobBuilder::new(pattern)
+            .literal_separator(true)
+            .build()
+            .or_else(|_| bail!(span.error("invalid glob")))?
+            .compile_matcher();
+        {
+            let mut cache = crate::cache::GLOB_CACHE.lock();
+            cache.put(alloc::string::String::from(pattern), matcher.clone());
+        }
+        Ok(matcher)
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "cache"))]
+    {
+        Ok(GlobBuilder::new(pattern)
+            .literal_separator(true)
+            .build()
+            .or_else(|_| bail!(span.error("invalid glob")))?
+            .compile_matcher())
+    }
 }
 
 fn glob_match(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {

src/builtins/mod.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 mod aggregates;
 mod arrays;
+#[cfg(feature = "azure_policy")]
+pub mod azure_policy;
 mod bitwise;
 pub mod comparison;
 mod conversions;
@@ -104,6 +106,8 @@ lazy_static! {
 	#[cfg(feature = "semver")]
 	semver::register(&mut m);
 	//rego::register(&mut m);
+	#[cfg(feature = "azure_policy")]
+	azure_policy::register(&mut m);
 	#[cfg(feature = "opa-runtime")]
 	opa::register(&mut m);
 	tracing::register(&mut m);

src/builtins/numbers.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ use crate::*;
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-use rand::Rng;
+use rand::RngExt;
+
+use vstd::prelude::*;
 
 pub fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
     m.insert("abs", (abs, 1));
@@ -188,3 +190,13 @@ fn intn(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Res
         _ => Value::Undefined,
     })
 }
+
+// Prove properties with Verus
+
+verus! {
+    proof fn lemma_test_one_plus_one_equals_two()
+        ensures
+            1 + 1 == 2,
+    {
+    }
+}

src/builtins/regex.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,39 @@ use crate::*;
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use regex::Regex;
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Compiled-regex cache (feature = "cache")
+//
+// When enabled, compiled Regex objects are stored in a bounded LRU cache
+// protected by a Mutex (parking_lot when std, spin when no_std).
+// The capacity is configurable at runtime
+// via regorus::cache::configure().
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Compile a regex pattern, using the cache when the `cache` feature
+/// is enabled and falling back to direct compilation otherwise.
+fn get_or_compile_regex(pattern: &str) -> core::result::Result<Regex, regex::Error> {
+    #[cfg(feature = "cache")]
+    {
+        {
+            let mut cache = crate::cache::REGEX_CACHE.lock();
+            if let Some(re) = cache.get(pattern) {
+                return Ok(re.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        let re = Regex::new(pattern)?;
+        {
+            let mut cache = crate::cache::REGEX_CACHE.lock();
+            cache.put(alloc::string::String::from(pattern), re.clone());
+            Ok(re)
+        }
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "cache"))]
+    {
+        Regex::new(pattern)
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn register(m: &mut builtins::BuiltinsMap<&'static str, builtins::BuiltinFcn>) {
     m.insert(
         "regex.find_all_string_submatch_n",
@@ -39,8 +72,8 @@ fn find_all_string_submatch_n(
     let value = ensure_string(name, &params[1], &args[1])?;
     let n = ensure_numeric(name, &params[2], &args[2])?;
 
-    let pattern =
-        Regex::new(&pattern).or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
+    let re = get_or_compile_regex(&pattern)
+        .or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
 
     if !n.is_integer() {
         bail!(params[2].span().error("n must be an integer"));
@@ -53,8 +86,7 @@ fn find_all_string_submatch_n(
     };
 
     Ok(Value::from_array(
-        pattern
-            .captures_iter(&value)
+        re.captures_iter(&value)
             .map(|capture| {
                 let groups = capture
                     .iter()
@@ -86,8 +118,8 @@ fn find_n(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> R
     let value = ensure_string(name, &params[1], &args[1])?;
     let n = ensure_numeric(name, &params[2], &args[2])?;
 
-    let pattern =
-        Regex::new(&pattern).or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
+    let re = get_or_compile_regex(&pattern)
+        .or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
 
     if !n.is_integer() {
         bail!(params[2].span().error("n must be an integer"));
@@ -100,8 +132,7 @@ fn find_n(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> R
     };
 
     Ok(Value::from_array(
-        pattern
-            .find_iter(&value)
+        re.find_iter(&value)
             .map(|m| {
                 let value = Value::String(m.as_str().into());
                 // Guard match accumulation while pushing each substring.
@@ -116,8 +147,11 @@ fn find_n(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> R
 fn is_valid(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     let name = "regex.is_valid";
     ensure_args_count(span, name, params, args, 1)?;
-    Ok(ensure_string(name, &params[0], &args[0])
-        .map_or(Value::Bool(false), |p| Value::Bool(Regex::new(&p).is_ok())))
+    Ok(
+        ensure_string(name, &params[0], &args[0]).map_or(Value::Bool(false), |p| {
+            Value::Bool(get_or_compile_regex(&p).is_ok())
+        }),
+    )
 }
 
 pub fn regex_match(
@@ -131,9 +165,9 @@ pub fn regex_match(
     let pattern = ensure_string(name, &params[0], &args[0])?;
     let value = ensure_string(name, &params[1], &args[1])?;
 
-    let pattern =
-        Regex::new(&pattern).or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
-    Ok(Value::Bool(pattern.is_match(&value)))
+    let re = get_or_compile_regex(&pattern)
+        .or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
+    Ok(Value::Bool(re.is_match(&value)))
 }
 
 fn regex_replace(
@@ -149,15 +183,13 @@ fn regex_replace(
     let pattern = ensure_string(name, &params[1], &args[1])?;
     let value = ensure_string(name, &params[2], &args[2])?;
 
-    let pattern = match Regex::new(&pattern) {
+    let re = match get_or_compile_regex(&pattern) {
         Ok(p) => p,
         // TODO: This behavior is due to OPA test not raising error. Should we raise error?
         _ => return Ok(Value::Undefined),
     };
 
-    Ok(Value::String(
-        pattern.replace_all(&s, value.as_ref()).into(),
-    ))
+    Ok(Value::String(re.replace_all(&s, value.as_ref()).into()))
 }
 
 fn regex_split(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Result<Value> {
@@ -166,11 +198,10 @@ fn regex_split(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool)
     let pattern = ensure_string(name, &params[0], &args[0])?;
     let value = ensure_string(name, &params[1], &args[1])?;
 
-    let pattern =
-        Regex::new(&pattern).or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
+    let re = get_or_compile_regex(&pattern)
+        .or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
     Ok(Value::from_array(
-        pattern
-            .split(&value)
+        re.split(&value)
             .map(|s| {
                 let value = Value::String(s.into());
                 // Guard output accumulation as each split segment is emitted.
@@ -211,13 +242,13 @@ fn regex_template_match(
         }
 
         // Fetch pattern, excluding delimiters.
-        let pattern = Regex::new(&template[start + delimiter_start.len()..end])
+        let re = get_or_compile_regex(&template[start + delimiter_start.len()..end])
             .or_else(|_| bail!(params[0].span().error("invalid regex")))?;
 
         // Skip preceding literal in value.
         value = &value[start..];
 
-        let m = match pattern.find(value) {
+        let m = match re.find(value) {
             Some(m) if m.start() == 0 => m,
             _ => return Ok(Value::Bool(false)),
         };

src/cache.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! Compiled-pattern caches for Rego builtins.
+//!
+//! When the `cache` feature is enabled, compiled [`regex::Regex`] and
+//! [`globset::GlobMatcher`] objects are held in bounded LRU caches so that
+//! repeated evaluations of the same pattern avoid recompilation.
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//!
+//! ```ignore
+//! use regorus::cache;
+//!
+//! // Configure cache capacities (0 = disabled).
+//! cache::configure(cache::Config {
+//!     regex: 256,
+//!     glob: 128,
+//! });
+//!
+//! // Flush all cached patterns.
+//! cache::clear();
+//! ```
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob"))]
+use core::num::NonZeroUsize;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob"))]
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob")))]
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+#[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob")))]
+use spin::Mutex;
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob"))]
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+/// Configuration for builtin pattern caches.
+///
+/// Each field controls the maximum number of compiled patterns held in the
+/// corresponding LRU cache.  A value of `0` disables that cache entirely
+/// (every lookup recompiles).  Values exceeding [`Config::MAX_CAPACITY`] are
+/// clamped silently.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Config {
+    /// Maximum compiled regex patterns (default 256).
+    pub regex: usize,
+    /// Maximum compiled glob matchers (default 128).
+    pub glob: usize,
+}
+
+impl Config {
+    /// Hard upper bound for any single cache capacity (2^16 = 65 536).
+    pub const MAX_CAPACITY: usize = 1 << 16;
+}
+
+impl Default for Config {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            regex: 256,
+            glob: 128,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal generic LRU wrapper
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob"))]
+pub(crate) struct LruCache<V> {
+    inner: Option<lru::LruCache<String, V>>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "regex", feature = "glob"))]
+impl<V> LruCache<V> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: NonZeroUsize::new(capacity).map(lru::LruCache::new),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Look up a key, returning a reference if present. Promotes to most-recent.
+    pub(crate) fn get(&mut self, key: &str) -> Option<&V> {
+        self.inner.as_mut()?.get(key)
+    }
+
+    /// Insert a key-value pair. Evicts the least-recently-used entry if full.
+    pub(crate) fn put(&mut self, key: String, value: V) {
+        if let Some(cache) = self.inner.as_mut() {
+            cache.put(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Remove all entries.
+    pub(crate) fn clear(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(cache) = self.inner.as_mut() {
+            cache.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Resize the cache. If new capacity is 0, disables the cache.
+    pub(crate) fn resize(&mut self, capacity: usize) {
+        match NonZeroUsize::new(capacity) {
+            Some(cap) => match self.inner.as_mut() {
+                Some(cache) => cache.resize(cap),
+                None => self.inner = Some(lru::LruCache::new(cap)),
+            },
+            None => {
+                self.inner = None;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Number of entries currently cached.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.as_ref().map_or(0, lru::LruCache::len)
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global regex cache
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[cfg(feature = "regex")]
+lazy_static! {
+    pub(crate) static ref REGEX_CACHE: Mutex<LruCache<regex::Regex>> =
+        Mutex::new(LruCache::new(Config::default().regex));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global glob cache
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[cfg(feature = "glob")]
+lazy_static! {
+    pub(crate) static ref GLOB_CACHE: Mutex<LruCache<globset::GlobMatcher>> =
+        Mutex::new(LruCache::new(Config::default().glob));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Apply a new cache configuration.
+///
+/// Resizes each cache to the specified capacity.  Existing entries are
+/// preserved (subject to LRU eviction if the new capacity is smaller).
+/// Values exceeding [`Config::MAX_CAPACITY`] are clamped.
+pub fn configure(config: Config) {
+    let regex = config.regex.min(Config::MAX_CAPACITY);
+    let glob = config.glob.min(Config::MAX_CAPACITY);
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "regex")]
+    REGEX_CACHE.lock().resize(regex);
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "glob")]
+    GLOB_CACHE.lock().resize(glob);
+
+    // Suppress unused-variable warnings when neither regex nor glob is enabled.
+    let _ = (regex, glob);
+}
+
+/// Remove all entries from every pattern cache.
+pub fn clear() {
+    #[cfg(feature = "regex")]
+    REGEX_CACHE.lock().clear();
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "glob")]
+    GLOB_CACHE.lock().clear();
+}

src/engine.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use crate::lexer::*;
 use crate::parser::*;
 use crate::scheduler::*;
 use crate::utils::gather_functions;
+use crate::utils::limits::PolicyLengthConfig;
 use crate::utils::limits::{self, fallback_execution_timer_config, ExecutionTimerConfig};
 use crate::value::*;
 use crate::*;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ pub struct Engine {
     prepared: bool,
     rego_v1: bool,
     execution_timer_config: Option<ExecutionTimerConfig>,
+    policy_length_config: PolicyLengthConfig,
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "azure_policy")]
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ impl Engine {
             prepared: false,
             rego_v1: true,
             execution_timer_config: None,
+            policy_length_config: PolicyLengthConfig::default(),
         };
         engine.apply_effective_execution_timer_config();
         engine
@@ -144,6 +147,31 @@ impl Engine {
         self.interpreter.set_execution_timer_config(Some(config));
     }
 
+    /// Set the policy length limits used when loading policies.
+    ///
+    /// Controls maximum file size, line count, and column width for policy files.
+    /// Engines start with the default limits defined by [`PolicyLengthConfig::default`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use core::num::{NonZeroU32, NonZeroUsize};
+    /// use regorus::utils::limits::PolicyLengthConfig;
+    /// use regorus::Engine;
+    ///
+    /// let mut engine = Engine::new();
+    /// let config = PolicyLengthConfig {
+    ///     max_col: NonZeroU32::new(2048).unwrap(),
+    ///     max_file_bytes: NonZeroUsize::new(2_097_152).unwrap(),
+    ///     max_lines: NonZeroUsize::new(40_000).unwrap(),
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// engine.set_policy_length_config(config);
+    /// ```
+    pub const fn set_policy_length_config(&mut self, config: PolicyLengthConfig) {
+        self.policy_length_config = config;
+    }
+
     /// Clear the engine-specific execution timer configuration, falling back to the global value.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -171,6 +199,20 @@ impl Engine {
         self.apply_effective_execution_timer_config();
     }
 
+    /// Clear the policy length configuration, reverting to the defaults.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use regorus::Engine;
+    ///
+    /// let mut engine = Engine::new();
+    /// engine.clear_policy_length_config();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn clear_policy_length_config(&mut self) {
+        self.policy_length_config = PolicyLengthConfig::default();
+    }
+
     /// Add a policy.
     ///
     /// The policy file will be parsed and converted to AST representation.
@@ -198,7 +240,12 @@ impl Engine {
     /// ```
     ///
     pub fn add_policy(&mut self, path: String, rego: String) -> Result<String> {
-        let source = Source::from_contents(path, rego)?;
+        let source = Source::from_contents_with_limits(
+            path,
+            rego,
+            self.policy_length_config.max_file_bytes,
+            self.policy_length_config.max_lines,
+        )?;
         let mut parser = self.make_parser(&source)?;
         let module = Ref::new(parser.parse()?);
         limits::enforce_memory_limit().map_err(|err| anyhow!(err))?;
@@ -232,7 +279,11 @@ impl Engine {
     #[cfg(feature = "std")]
     #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
     pub fn add_policy_from_file<P: AsRef<std::path::Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> Result<String> {
-        let source = Source::from_file(path)?;
+        let source = Source::from_file_with_limits(
+            path,
+            self.policy_length_config.max_file_bytes,
+            self.policy_length_config.max_lines,
+        )?;
         let mut parser = self.make_parser(&source)?;
         let module = Ref::new(parser.parse()?);
         limits::enforce_memory_limit().map_err(|err| anyhow!(err))?;
@@ -918,15 +969,24 @@ impl Engine {
 
     fn make_query(&mut self, query: String) -> Result<(NodeRef<Module>, NodeRef<Query>, Schedule)> {
         let mut query_module = {
-            let source = Source::from_contents(
+            let source = Source::from_contents_with_limits(
                 "<query_module.rego>".to_owned(),
                 "package __internal_query_module".to_owned(),
+                self.policy_length_config.max_file_bytes,
+                self.policy_length_config.max_lines,
             )?;
-            Parser::new(&source)?.parse()?
+            let mut parser = Parser::new(&source)?;
+            parser.set_max_col(self.policy_length_config.max_col);
+            parser.parse()?
         };
 
         // Parse the query.
-        let query_source = Source::from_contents("<query.rego>".to_string(), query)?;
+        let query_source = Source::from_contents_with_limits(
+            "<query.rego>".to_string(),
+            query,
+            self.policy_length_config.max_file_bytes,
+            self.policy_length_config.max_lines,
+        )?;
         let mut parser = self.make_parser(&query_source)?;
         let query_node = parser.parse_user_query()?;
         query_module.num_expressions = parser.num_expressions();
@@ -1506,6 +1566,7 @@ impl Engine {
 
     fn make_parser<'a>(&self, source: &'a Source) -> Result<Parser<'a>> {
         let mut parser = Parser::new(source)?;
+        parser.set_max_col(self.policy_length_config.max_col);
         if self.rego_v1 {
             parser.enable_rego_v1()?;
         }
@@ -1524,6 +1585,7 @@ impl Engine {
             rego_v1: true, // Value doesn't matter since this is used only for policy parsing
             prepared: true,
             execution_timer_config: None,
+            policy_length_config: PolicyLengthConfig::default(), // Compiled policies are already parsed, so these length limits are not used
         };
         engine.apply_effective_execution_timer_config();
         engine

src/interpreter.rs

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl Interpreter {
     }
 
     fn execution_timer_tick(&mut self, work_units: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.execution_timer.limit().is_none() {
+        if !self.execution_timer.accumulate(work_units) {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ impl Interpreter {
             return Ok(());
         };
 
-        self.execution_timer.tick(work_units, now)?;
+        self.execution_timer.check_now(now)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -402,13 +402,13 @@ impl Interpreter {
         self.reset_execution_timer_state();
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")]
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "allocator-memory-limits", not(miri)))]
     fn memory_check(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         let _ = self; // quiet clippy::unused_self; retained for symmetry with VM path
         crate::utils::limits::check_memory_limit_if_needed().map_err(|err| anyhow!(err))
     }
 
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "allocator-memory-limits"))]
+    #[cfg(any(miri, not(feature = "allocator-memory-limits")))]
     const fn memory_check(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         let _ = self; // quiet clippy::unused_self; retained for symmetry with VM path
         Ok(())

src/languages/azure_policy/aliases/denormalizer/casing.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+//! Key casing restoration from alias metadata.
+
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString as _};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+use crate::Value;
+
+use super::super::obj_map::{make_array, make_value, new_map, obj_insert, val_str, ROOT_FIELDS};
+use super::super::types::ResolvedEntry;
+
+fn insert_default_casing(map: &mut BTreeMap<String, String>) {
+    for &field in ROOT_FIELDS {
+        map.insert(field.to_ascii_lowercase(), field.to_string());
+    }
+
+    // Canonical casing for standard nested root-field object members that are
+    // not described by alias metadata but still need round-trip restoration.
+    for canonical in [
+        "principalId",
+        "tenantId",
+        "userAssignedIdentities",
+        "promotionCode",
+        "createdBy",
+        "createdByType",
+        "createdAt",
+        "lastModifiedBy",
+        "lastModifiedByType",
+        "lastModifiedAt",
+    ] {
+        map.entry(canonical.to_ascii_lowercase())
+            .or_insert_with(|| canonical.to_string());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build the default casing map used when alias metadata is unavailable.
+pub fn default_casing_map() -> BTreeMap<String, String> {
+    let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+    insert_default_casing(&mut map);
+    map
+}
+
+/// Build a mapping from lowercase key → original-cased key from alias entries.
+pub fn build_casing_map(entries: &BTreeMap<String, ResolvedEntry>) -> BTreeMap<String, String> {
+    let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+    insert_default_casing(&mut map);
+
+    for entry in entries.values() {
+        for segment in entry.short_name.split('.') {
+            let clean = segment.replace("[*]", "");
+            if !clean.is_empty() {
+                map.entry(clean.to_ascii_lowercase())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| clean.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+
+        for segment in entry.default_path.split('.') {
+            let clean = segment.replace("[*]", "");
+            if !clean.is_empty() && !clean.eq_ignore_ascii_case("properties") {
+                map.entry(clean.to_ascii_lowercase())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| clean.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Also include segments from all version-specific ARM paths so
+        // casing can be restored correctly for versioned aliases.
+        for (_ver, path) in &entry.versioned_paths {
+            for segment in path.split('.') {
+                let clean = segment.replace("[*]", "");
+                if !clean.is_empty() && !clean.eq_ignore_ascii_case("properties") {
+                    map.entry(clean.to_ascii_lowercase())
+                        .or_insert_with(|| clean.to_string());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    map
+}
+
+/// Restore the original casing of a key using the casing map.
+pub fn restore_casing(key: &str, casing_map: &BTreeMap<String, String>) -> String {
+    casing_map
+        .get(&key.to_ascii_lowercase())
+        .cloned()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| key.to_string())
+}
+
+/// Recursively restore key casing in a JSON value.
+pub fn denormalize_value(value: &Value, casing_map: &BTreeMap<String, String>) -> Value {
+    match value {
+        Value::Object(obj) => {
+            let mut result = new_map();
+            for (k, v) in obj.iter() {
+                if let Some(key_s) = val_str(k) {
+                    let restored_key = restore_casing(key_s, casing_map);
+                    obj_insert(&mut result, &restored_key, denormalize_value(v, casing_map));
+                }
+            }
+            make_value(result)
+        }
+        Value::Array(arr) => {
+            let items: Vec<Value> = arr
+                .iter()
+                .map(|v| denormalize_value(v, casing_map))
+                .collect();
+            make_array(items)
+        }
+        _ => value.clone(),
+    }
+}